Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Considerations on similarity condition of wing deformation in flapping for model and mosquito wings","authors":"K. Bando, Atsushi Kase","doi":"10.1299/jbse.19-00357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.19-00357","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous paper, to simulate mosquito flapping flight, experiments were performed using a wing model, which had n-times (n=10) enlarged shape of the mosquito wing and was made of deformable elastic material. The similarity conditions of the flows around the model and mosquito wings were satisfied by means of the Reynolds number and Strouhal number. In order to satisfy the similarity condition of wing deformation, it was considered that the Cauchy number of the model and the real case are identical. As a result, the relationship 2 m m EI n E I  was obtained, where EI is the bending rigidity of the wing, and no-subscript and subscript m denote the model and mosquito wings, respectively. However, according to the experimental results, the deformation similarity was satisfied when m m EI E I  . This phenomenon was analyzed by means of vectorial dimensional analysis and discriminated dimensional analysis. On the similarity of flapping wings with bending deformation, two independent dimensionless parameters majorly influence the results: Cauchy number and mass ratio. If a relationship between these quantities could be derived, it would be possible to understand the similarity condition by means of a unique dimensionless parameter. Based on this consideration, a combined dimensionless parameter  was derived considering the experimental results. It was shown that, by matching the parameter  between the model and mosquito wings, deformation similarity was possible and the conflicting results on bending rigidity were resolved.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.19-00357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46482579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between acute phase head injury to cyclists and consciousness disturbance: a case study in reconstruction of single-cyclist accident","authors":"S. Oikawa, Y. Matsui, Sayaka Gomei, Tomoe Konno, Takahiro Ueno, Hiromichi Nakadate, S. Aomura","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.18-00143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.18-00143","url":null,"abstract":"Bicycling is popular because it provides the convenience of short transportation and physical exercise, is environmentally friendly, and is more cost effective compared with modes of mechanical transportation. The environmental and health benefits of bicycling are attractive to people of all ages. Approximately 7.2 million bicycles Abstract This study first examined the correlation between types of acute phase head injuries to cyclists and consciousness disturbance by using data from patients at the emergency room of Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital in Japan. The injuries were compared for cases where the cyclists experienced consciousness disturbance and otherwise. The results showed that skull fractures and brain contusions were the most frequent consequences of head injuries to cyclists in general. However, the average number of head injuries by types for cyclists suffering consciousness disturbance was higher than that for cyclists who had not experienced it, for both head fractures (0.9 versus 0.7) and brain injuries (1.9 versus 0.5). This implies that head fractures and brain injuries may increase the probability of consciousness disturbance. Next, considering a cyclist who had sustained a head injury and suffered acute consciousness disturbance in an accident while not wearing a helmet, a case study was conducted to quantify the effectiveness of a bicycle helmet in reducing the intensity of traumatic head injuries by using a whole-body model, a finite element model of the human head, and a model of the bicycle helmet on a mathematical dynamic modeling software. A comparison of the peak values computed for cases of cyclists with and without a helmet showed that in the former, strain on the skull was reduced by 95.9% in cases of skull fractures, and the von Mises stress on the brain was reduced by 23.3% for cases of brain contusions. The results suggest that helmet use reduces the risk of skull fracture and brain contusions in cyclists because it considerably reduces the impact. Moreover, the use of helmets can reduce the probability of consciousness disturbance.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.18-00143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling optimizes the effect of the vertical stripe illusion for foot clearance on upstairs","authors":"Satoshi Miura, Ryota Fukumoto, Yo Kobayashi, M. Fujie","doi":"10.1299/jbse.18-00216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.18-00216","url":null,"abstract":"A fall can result in fractures, sequelae, or even death in the worst-case scenario. Falls often occur because people misjudge step height and do not lift their feet sufficiently. One strategy to combat this issue is the use of vertical stripes to make stairs appear taller than they really are, which can thus prevent underestimation of the real height. However, the appropriate size of the space between the stripes is different for everyone. This study demonstrates how the intensity of an illusion can influence the height of foot clearance when ascending stairs. We validate the feasibility of using a model for determining the striping that can be used to adapt the pattern to individual differences. We constructed the model based on a contrast-sensitivity function using a Gaussian model. In an experiment, we measured the location of the toe via motion capture as participants climbed stairs. As a result, the relationship between foot-clearance and the spatial frequency approximated the function described by the CSF, Contrast Sensitive Function. The coefficients of determination exceeded 0.9 for one participant, 0.8 for two participant and 0.6 for other two participants. We concluded that the model presented CSF would fit the foot clearance with striped stairs for any individual.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.18-00216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of uterine decellularized matrix using high hydrostatic pressure through depolymerization of actin filaments","authors":"Jeonghyun Kim, S. Takeda, Narintadeach Charoensombut, Kinyoshi Kawabata, Yugo Kishimoto, Tsuyoshi Kimura, A. Kishida, T. Ushida, K. Furukawa","doi":"10.1299/jbse.19-00097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.19-00097","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, many groups in the field of tissue engineering have attempted to utilize decellularized matrices for tissue regeneration. The decellularized matrices are known as a suitable tissue-engineered scaffold that retains the original structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the native tissue as well as its complex vasculature. While chemical reagents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are generally selected to fabricate the decellularized matrices due to its ease of use, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has become a powerful alternative to induce the decellularization without using any chemical reagents which have a possibility to provoke inflammatory response by the residual chemicals after in vivo transplantation. Although the HHP has been regarded as a promising tool to decellularize the native tissue, its fabrication mechanism remains still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the fabrication mechanism using HHP of 980 MPa to decellularize uterine tissues harvested from Sprague Dawley rats. As a result of histochemical analysis, we first reported that actin filaments in the uterine tissue were depolymerized by applying HHP. Our present findings will lead to the optimization of fabrication method using hydrostatic pressure to have an optimal decellularize matrix with complete micro- and macro-structures of the native tissue for tissue regeneration.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.19-00097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of upper-limb movements to open glass ampoules and training methods in nursing education","authors":"Masako Hirano, Atsue Ishii, N. Ueda, Yoshiaki Inoue, M. Miyajima, K. Tomita, Y. Nakanishi, Shima Okada, Yaemi Koshino, T. Marui","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.19-00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.19-00037","url":null,"abstract":"An ampoule is a glass cylinder that contains intravenous solutions. Ampoule opening (AO) is performed by nurses on a daily basis, but the procedure involved can cause injuries to the hand as well as contamination of ampoule contents with glass microparticles. As it is currently impossible to completely eliminate the use of glass ampoules, one should learn how to safely perform the AO operation. Herein, we quantitatively analyze the combined seven upper-limb movements of ten experienced participants to clarify the mechanism of AO operations and establish a procedure for safe AO. Unlike current instruction manuals, this study focuses on the joint movements of dominant and nondominant upper limbs rather than on finger positions. A motion-capture system and video cameras are used to analyze the above seven movements of each upper limb. Based on results obtained, the following three guidelines for performing AO operations are derived: (1) supinate the elbow joint to break the ampoule neck; (2) move the dominant hand away from the cutting plane of the ampoule immediately after ampoule breaking without moving the nondominant hand to avoid unnecessary contact of fingers with the cutting plane; (3) synchronize elbow-joint extension with supination in step (1) as the dominant hand is moved away after ampoule breaking. This approach not only ensures safe AO but also helps in learning other skills related to technical nursing education.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.19-00037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of nerve axonal extension by an AC magnetic field stimulation bio-reactor using three-dimensional culture","authors":"E. Nakamachi, Ryota Sakiyama, Shohei Tanaka, Koji Yamamoto, Y. Morita, H. Sakamoto","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.19-00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.19-00041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical analysis of the mechanical environment of the cell nucleus in serum starvation-induced vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation","authors":"K. Nagayama","doi":"10.1299/jbse.19-00364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.19-00364","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) actively remodel the arterial walls through biomechanical signals and dedifferentiate from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype under pathological conditions. It is important to elucidate the mechanism underlying phenotypic transition of VSMCs for understanding their role in the pathophysiology of disease and for developing engineered tissues. Although numerous studies have reported various biochemical or biomechanical factors that stimulate the phenotypic transition of VSMCs, very little is known about the changes in the mechanical environment of intracellular nucleus that are involved in various cellular functions. This study investigated the changes in the force exerted on the intracellular nucleus, and their morphology and mechanical properties during serum starvation-induced VSMC differentiation. Fluorescent microscopy image analysis and atomic force microscopy nano-indentation live cell imaging revealed that the serum-starvation culture conditions markedly promote the contractile differentiation of VSMCs with F-actin stabilization and reduces the internal force exerted on the nucleus. The nuclei in these contractile VSMCs exhibited surface stiffening and matured nuclear lamina. Additionally, the nuclei exhibited distinct surface dimples along the actin stress fibers even though these nuclei were exposed to lower internal forces. These results indicate that the distinct dimples on the nuclear surfaces represent a plastic remodeling of the nucleus under the serum-starvation culture conditions. The nuclear stiffening, local deformation, and plastic remodeling observed in this study may be important factors in contractile differentiation of VSMCs.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.19-00364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and validation under dynamic conditions of a novel thoracolumbar spine model with defined muscle paths using the wrapping method","authors":"R. Higuchi, Akira Komatsu, Jumpei Iida, T. Iwami, Y. Shimada","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.18-00432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.18-00432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.18-00432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-fingerprint glass surface created by mechanical removal process","authors":"K. Shibata, Y. Nakashima, Y. Nakanishi","doi":"10.1299/jbse.19-00388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.19-00388","url":null,"abstract":"The use of various types of information devices equipped with touch panels has been increasing. When these devices are used directly with fingers, the devices become dirty owing to sweat and oil from users. Therefore, there is considerable interest in keeping the surfaces of devices free from fingerprints and dirt. Antifouling films and coatings are being developed for this purpose. In addition, a method of changing the surface shape by adding a microstructure to a material surface has been developed. The purpose of this study is to add the antifouling function to glass surfaces using a mechanical removal process. We attempted to change the surface shape by processing a material surface directly. The processing method was microslurry-jet (MSJ) processing, which is a mechanical removal method. In addition, a masking process was used to create microsurface structures. As an example, we evaluated the anti-fingerprint glass created by these processing methods. Microsurfaces were successfully created on the glass surface through the combination of the masking process and MSJ processing. Moreover, the visibility of the created glass, surface characteristics, friction characteristics, and the adhesion of stains were evaluated. With respect to visibility, surface characteristics, and adhesion, it was possible to observe the changes in surface characteristics due to the microsurfaces. With regard to friction characteristics, differences in surface patterns were found for individual subject data. In addition, a method of changing the surface shape by adding a microstructure to the material surface has been developed (Jheng and Lee, 2016; Saito et al., 2008; Tokuhisa et al., 2017). Microsurface structures are created by a chemical removal process by etching or removal by laser processing (Clavería et al., 2019). However, such chemical removal processing is limited by materials because chemical solutions are used (Saito et al., 2008). Laser processing removes a surface with a strong force. As a result, the surface becomes rough and the substrate becomes damaged, and this affects touch. This study has explored a processing method that can solve these problems. Microslurry-jet (MSJ) processing, which is a mechanical removal method, was considered because it can be applied to numerous materials, it can be processed on the order of nanometers in the vertical direction, and it provides a continuous curved surface after processing (Nakanishi et al., 2018; Yin et al., 2018). In addition, a masking process was used to create microsurface structures. Glass was used as the material in this study. Glass is a brittle material, and it is broken, scratched, or easily soiled during mechanical removal. It was shown that these problems can be addressed, and the anti-fingerprint glass produced using the above processing method was evaluated.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.19-00388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of an in vitro vascular anastomosis model in a microfluidic device","authors":"Masafumi Watanabe, R. Sudo","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.18-00521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.18-00521","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for organ transplantation has rapidly increased over the past few decades due to a large number of patients with chronic organ failure. However, organ shortage is a critical problem in medical transplantation, including liver and kidney (Caplan, 2016; Hong et al., 2014). To overcome this problem, it is necessary to construct transplantable organ/tissue grafts in vitro. Over the last decade, researchers have attempted to construct transplantable bioengineered tissue grafts in vitro (Kasuya et al., 2012; Palakkan et al., 2013; Stevens et al., 2017). Despite significant efforts, these studies remain in the early stages of research due to poor graft survival after transplantation (Caralt et al., 2015; Damania et al., 2014). Abstract Formation of vascular anastomoses is critical for the development of transplantable tissue-engineered grafts, because rapid blood perfusion is required for the maintenance of implanted tissue grafts. However, the process of vascular anastomosis remains unclear due to difficulties in observing vascular anastomosis after transplantation. Although several groups have developed in vitro models of vascular anastomosis, there is a lack of a suitable in vitro anastomosis model that includes perivascular cells. Therefore, we aimed to establish an in vitro vascular anastomosis model containing perivascular cells by a combination of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monoculture and HUVEC-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) coculture in a microfluidic device. We found that vascular formation was inhibited when HUVECs were seeded on both sides of gel scaffolds, but HUVECs formed vascular networks when they were seeded on one side only. Next, we tested a series of HUVEC:MSC ratios to induce vascular anastomoses. The results demonstrated that addition of MSCs induced vascular anastomosis. In particular, the number of vascular anastomoses was significantly increased at a HUVEC:MSC ratio of 2:8. The process of vascular anastomosis was further investigated by live-cell imaging of green fluorescent protein-expressing HUVECs, which revealed that vascular anastomoses with continuous lumens were constructed during days 8–10. Computational simulation of VEGF concentrations suggested that local VEGF gradients play important roles in vascular formation while the addition of MSCs was critical for anastomosis. This anastomosis model will provide insights for both the development of tissue-engineered grafts and for the construction of large tissues by assembling multiple tissue-engineered constructs.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.18-00521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}