Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Osteogenic differentiation of murine mesenchymal stem cells by combination of surface topography and uniaxial stress","authors":"Heonuk Jeong, Xiaoguang Yang, Zihan Pei, T. Ushida, K. Furukawa","doi":"10.1299/jbse.20-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.20-00009","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that enhanced focal adhesion between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and intracellular actin polymerization can accelerate cellular functions like proliferation and differentiation. It is a desirable and necessary technique to modulate cellular functions in the desired lineage in tissue engineering. Previously, we have shown that topographical effects of micropatterns on a cell culture substrate promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without administration of osteogenic growth factors. In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats were cultured with combined biophysical stimuli, such as surface topography of biomaterials and uniaxial tensile stress and induced osteogenic differentiation. We evaluated MSCs by assessment of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). We demonstrated that a polydimethylsiloxane substrate with microgroove patterns (2 μm of ridge thickness, 1 μm of depth and 1 μm of groove distance) could suppress osteogenic differentiation compared to a flat substrate. Changes of cell adhesion and shape were observed at microgroove substrates by immunofluorescence staining of focal adhesion and actin filaments. We showed that to apply the stretching force promoted differentiation at microgroove substrates but inhibited differentiation at the flat surface. Through this study, a more efficient method to control cellular fate is expected to be established for tissue regeneration in vitro.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66268922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of visual-motor coordination as a ball is caught","authors":"Ayuko Saito, Satoru Kizawa, Yoshikazu Kobayashi, K. Miyawaki","doi":"10.1299/jbse.20-00302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.20-00302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"20-00302-20-00302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66269368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a three-dimensional direct current electric field stimulation bioreactor to enhance the axonal outgrowth and control the axonal orientation","authors":"E. Nakamachi, Shohei Tanaka, Koji Yamamoto, Y. Morita, Manabu Okita","doi":"10.1299/jbse.19-00480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.19-00480","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, numerous studies on the effects of electrical stimulation on nerve cell activation in a cell culture have been conducted. However, there are very few studies that have used the three-dimensional (3D) culture system to investigate nerve cell axonal extension. In this study, we developed a novel 3D direct current electric field (DCEF) stimulation bioreactor, which can uniformly stimulate cultured nerve cells for a long period. We observed the morphogenesis of PC12 cells using a multi photon excitation fluorescence microscope (MPM) and evaluated DCEF stimulation effects on PC12 cells axonal outgrowth. First, a DCEF stimulation bioreactor was designed using finite element analysis for uniform electric field. We, then, validated the uniform stimulation of PC12 cells using this bioreactor for 24 h. Second, we determined the optimal stimulation condition using the response surface method and adopting objective functions, such as axonal length, the ratio of axonal orientation towards the anode, and design parameters, such as the electric field strength and the duration of the stimulation. We found the optimal condition to be 43 mV/mm and 6.2 h/day for axonal length enhancement. An increase of 20.1% against the condition for the control group (Mann-Whitney’s U test, p<0.05) was obtained. In addition, the 92 % of PC12 cells were oriented toward the anode with 90 mV/mm, 24 h/day condition. However, the axonal formation was suppressed depending on the stimulation duration. Finally, we found the optimal conditions of 70 mV/mm and 7.9 h/day for achieving the enhancement of axonal extension and orientation, simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-00480-19-00480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.19-00480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of self-organized osteocytic spheroids using mouse osteoblast-like cells","authors":"Jeonghyun Kim, H. Kigami, T. Adachi","doi":"10.1299/jbse.20-00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.20-00227","url":null,"abstract":"Osteocyte plays a central role as a commander in the bone to modulate bone remodeling processes. While the osteocyte is known to be differentiated from osteoblasts, understanding in mechanism of the osteocyte differentiation remained still poor. The aim of this study is to elucidate the osteocyte differentiation capability using three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technique. We first fabricated a self-organized spheroid reconstructed by mouse osteoblast-like cells by adjusting the number of subcultured cells in the round-bottom well. Compared to a conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer model, the 3D spheroid exerted greater osteocyte gene expressions in vitro within 2 days. As a result of the size-dependent experiment, there might be an appropriate cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction for osteoblast-like cells to induce the osteocytogenesis in the form of 3D spheroid culture. Moreover, the present model showed that the spheroid further exerted the prolonged osteocyte differentiation capability after a long period of incubation, 7 days. In conclusion, we characterized the self-organized osteocytic spheroids reconstructed by osteoblast-like cells and further suggested the potential application of the spheroid as a new in vitro tissue-engineered osteocytic model. an efficient model differentiation. imply that it is essential for the osteocyte differentiation of the cells to require a certain cellular where the cells encounter the appropriate cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction as in vivo processes such as unmineralized termed osteoid. Further study will be required to characterize the cellular environment in the spheroid with regard to its accumulation and also to elucidate the detailed mechanism of signal-transduction pathways for the differentiation achieved in the 3D culture system.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66269284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on derivation method of motion feature points in sports motion analysis for racket matching","authors":"Naozumi Sekine, Shoichiro Takehara, Taiki Kawano, Kanato Suzuki","doi":"10.1299/jbse.19-00476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.19-00476","url":null,"abstract":"deviations. Then, the relation between this index and the swing speed is investigated. According to these results, the tendency that Abstract In this study, as part of efforts to assist beginners in sports such as tennis and badminton in selecting the most suitable equipment, an index for objectively evaluating such equipment is proposed. To accomplish this, standard swing trajectory variations are used to create an index from the viewpoint of human motion control. We begin by noting that human body data gained via motion capture are large in number because of the wide variety of equipment types used and due to the significant diversity of human body characteristics. Hence, even though motion capture devices are often used to capture swing motions, the most suitable human body segments for use in equipment evaluations have not yet been clarified. To facilitate this, it is necessary to reduce the overall number of body segments under consideration. In this paper, the method of deriving the feature points in sports motion was examined. More specifically, in order to obtain fundamental findings, tennis stroke and badminton smash motions are used as representative movements, and experiments using a motion capture device are performed. In the motion analysis that follows, we then investigate which markers can most clearly express the relationship between the racket and the human body in order to capture stroke motion characteristics. Then, an index of contribution is adapted to tennis swing and badminton smash motions, the motion feature points in the stroke and smash motion are derived, and the significant markers for motion analysis are identified and discussed.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.19-00476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a three-dimensional cell culture system for the enhancement of nerve axonal extension by cyclic stretch stimulation","authors":"Madoka Imura, S. Yamada, Koji Yamamoto, Y. Morita, E. Nakamachi","doi":"10.1299/jbse.20-00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.20-00094","url":null,"abstract":"Significant progress has recently been made in the development of extracellular stimulation technology for the enhancement of nerve axonal extension and network generation and regeneration in three-dimensional (3D) bioreactors for neural tissue engineering. In this study, a 3D cell culture cell culture system was developed to accelerate the regeneration of axons using cyclic stretch stimulation. A modified collagen gel was used as a scaffold to mimic the extracellular matrices of the central nervous system in the human brain. First, a cyclic stretch stimulation cell culture system was designed and fabricated in order to load uniform strain onto a 3D culture. Pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were then mixed with the collagen gel and poured into the stretch chamber of the cell culture system. The stretch stimulation cell culture system was then used to load the cyclic tensile strain against the PC12 cells embedded in the collagen gel, where an in-situ microscopic observation was performed. Second, cyclic stretch stimulations of the PC12 cells were performed, and the 3D morphologies of the cell bodies, neurites, and axons within the PC12 cells were observed using a multi photon microscope (MPM) system. We evaluated the effectiveness of the cyclic stretch stimulation on the axonal extension of nerves in a 3D cell culture system. Finally, we confirmed the enhancement of the axonal extension and determined the optimum tensile strain and the number of cyclic stimulations required to achieve the maximum axonal extension of the PC12 cells. Using these optimum conditions—2.3% strain, 1 Hz cycles, and 1.7  10 5 times—the cyclic stretch stimulation was performed on rat cerebral cortex cells, and the effectiveness of the enhancement was also confirmed in these (Visible green). PC12 cells were stained using the Milli-Mark TM FluoroPan neuronal marker (MAB2300X, Merck KGaA, Germany) and DAPI solution (340-07971, Dojindo Laboratories, Japan). MAB2300X stains were used to identify the axons, dendrites, spines, nuclei, and the body of the PC12 cells. DAPI stains were used to investigate the nuclei of the PC12 cells. The PC12 cells were observed in all three selected areas of the collagen gel sample, covering a size of 443  443  500  m. The resolution of MPM observation is 0.43  m in both X 1 and X 2 directions of tomography plane, and 0.85  m in the vertical direction X 3 . The lens is HCX IRAPO L 25x/0.95 WATER and the magnification is 250. We adopted the confocal image because of clear photo using the wave length 405 nm (UV blue) for DAPI and 488 nm (Visible green) for MAB2300X. the stretch chamber was set with the MPM system so that the stretching occurred in the direction of the X 1 -axis. The effectiveness of the stretch stimulation in increasing axonal outgrowth was then","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66269198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee osteoarthritis detection based on the combination of empirical mode decomposition and wavelet analysis","authors":"Rui Gong, K. Hase, Hiroaki Goto, Keisuke Yoshioka, S. Ota","doi":"10.1299/jbse.20-00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.20-00017","url":null,"abstract":"The early-stage of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is usually asymptomatic. However, timely detection of osteoarthritis can prevent further cartilage degeneration via appropriate exercise prescription and behavioral change. In this article, a noninvasive method to diagnose the OA of a knee recording the knee vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals over the mid-patella during the standing movement is proposed. A method that combines empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet transform is developed to analyze the nonstationary VAG signals. The least squares support vector machine algorithm (LSSVM) that is a type of support vector machine is used to classify the knee joint VAG signals (26 normal and 25 abnormal) collected from healthy subjects and patients suffering from the knee OA using the Kellgren and Lawrence grading system III and IV (KLGS III and IV). The LSSVM classifier achieves an accuracy of 86.67% in differentiating the normal and abnormal subjects that proves the effectiveness of the autocorrelation function features and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) features. Therefore, the VAG signals can be clinically significant for the classification of healthy and OA subjects.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"20-00017-20-00017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66269067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective position of the rotation axis of an ankle stretching machine and the effect of misalignment","authors":"Yuma Shiraishi, S. Okamoto, Naomi Yamada, Koki Inoue, Yasuhiro Akiyama, Yoji Yamada","doi":"10.1299/jbse.20-00202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.20-00202","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical rotation axes of joint exercisers are believed to operate better when they match the biomechanical axes of human joints. However, there are few studies regarding ankle stretching machines. Further, the maleffects of rotation axis misalignments are not well known. Hence, we investigate the effective positions of rotation axes for ankle stretching machines and the effects of misalignments using a pneumatic-driven stretching machine developed in our previous study (Shiraishi et al., 2020). Eight healthy young males (ages 23.3 ± 1.4 years) participated in stretching exercises while the relative positions of the rotation axes between the machine and ankle were changed via plates installed under the heel. The stretching machine dorsiflexed the feet of the participants, and the dorsiflexion angles and three-axial forces applied to the forefeet were recorded. The measured values at the maximum dorsiflexion angle were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and/or regression analysis. We determined that the rotation axis of the machine must be placed 7 mm above the lateral ankle because the normal force applied to the forefoot and maximum dorsiflexion angle were large, whereas the friction force was moderate. Further, the relationships among the dorsiflexion angle and contact forces were investigated via covariance selection. The three-axial forces significantly decreased as the axis of the machine was lowered below the ankle. Additionally, the force normal to the sole had large positive effects on the dorsiflexion angle and friction force of the sole, which could damage the skin. The misalignment of the rotation axis increased the contact force at the sole when the axis of the machine was above the ankle or decreased the efficiency of force transmission from the stretching machine to the user’s foot when the machine’s axis was below the ankle.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"20-00202-20-00202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66269505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric modeling of sports prostheses based on the flat spring design formulas","authors":"K. Hase, H. Togawa, Satoshi Kobayashi, G. Obinata","doi":"10.1299/jbse.19-00446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.19-00446","url":null,"abstract":"Sports prosthesis for lower-extremity amputees has a mechanical structure similar to flat springs, and its elastic energy is expected to improve sports performance. However, it is quite challenging to represent the mechanical phenomena during the takeoff action with sports prosthesis because the contact point to the ground moves based on the direction and deformation of the prosthesis. The purpose of this study is to propose a parametric model of sports prosthesis based on the flat spring design formulas to represent the deformation and rolling contact with the ground with a reasonable computational cost. The shape of the prosthesis is modeled as serial elements, and it can easily be changed by using design parameters, such as the curvature and length of each element. The curvature of each element of the prosthesis is modified by the deflection angle of the flat spring model, and the contact point to the ground is calculated by considering the deformation and rolling contact. The spring properties obtained from the proposed model well agreed with the result of a finite element analysis. Moreover, simulation results revealed that the deformed shape of the prosthesis and the takeoff action in the long jump qualitatively agreed with the actual phenomena. As future research, the proposed model, coupled with the human body model, will be applied to a computer simulation system to optimize the shape of the prosthesis in order to improve sports performance.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-00446-19-00446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.19-00446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical evaluation of temperature variation by frictional heating at the interface between snow and ski","authors":"J. Okajima, T. Okabe, Naoto Miyamoto, T. Morimoto, Kazuhiko Tsunoda, N. Hatakeyama","doi":"10.1299/jbse.19-00507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.19-00507","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the frictional heating effect during ski gliding by temperature measurement, a temperature measurement system was developed and evaluated numerically and experimentally. The portable temperature measurement system with high temperature resolution and accuracy consisted of thermistors and a portable logger with a 24-bit A–D convertor. The thermistors were inserted in a hole in the ski board with thermal conductive adhesive. By using numerical simulation, the difference between the interface temperature and the averaged temperature in the sensing region was evaluated. The temperature difference was proportional to the value of frictional heat generation, and the maximum difference in the experimental range in this study was 0.17 K. To test the developed system, a gliding experiment was conducted at Shinjo Cryospheric Environment Laboratory. Three thermistors were installed in the ski board, and a moving object was constructed on the ski. By pulling the moving object with a guide wire, the moving object was glided, and the interfacial temperature was recorded. In the case of a total weight of 54 kg, which was near the optimal weight, the thermistor installed near the heel position had a large increment of temperature. In addition, similar temperature increments were observed during the acceleration phase of the moving object. After the acceleration phase, the gradient of the temperature increment changed. It was inferred that the variation of gradient was affected by the variation of the force balance on the moving object. This suggests that the local contact condition and friction might be estimated through temperature measurement.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/jbse.19-00507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66265909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}