Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering最新文献_第10页

Cooperative activities of forearm muscles under loading applied to thumb or each finger 前臂肌肉在拇指或各指负荷下的合作活动

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.18-00065

S. Tadano, Yuuki Tonsho, Saran Keeratihattayakorn, S. Yamada, Y. Nakajima, Masahide Harada, N. Iwasaki

{"title":"Cooperative activities of forearm muscles under loading applied to thumb or each finger","authors":"S. Tadano, Yuuki Tonsho, Saran Keeratihattayakorn, S. Yamada, Y. Nakajima, Masahide Harada, N. Iwasaki","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.18-00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.18-00065","url":null,"abstract":"Human thumb and fingers are usually subjected to an external loading during daily activity. The information of how muscles in the forearm cooperate with each other in order to response to the external loading is still unknown. Such information may be helpful in understanding muscle function pathology and motor disorder. A novel method called electromyography computed tomography (EMG-CT) was developed to visualize muscle activity within a whole cross-section of the forearm by measuring surface EMG signals around the forearm. The current study aimed to extend the previous work by using the EMG-CT to investigate muscle cooperative activity under loading application to thumb or each finger. Loads of 0.98-9.8 N were applied to the thumb or each finger of four subjects in eight loading directions. The loading directions on thumb and index, middle, and little fingers were inner, outer, and upper directions. EMG signals around the subject’s forearm were recorded during the loading by using EMG band consisting of 40 pairs of bipolar electrodes. The results show different muscle cooperative activity pattern between loading conditions. During load was applied to thumb, muscle in lower region in pronation cross-section were highly active. When load was applied to a finger, muscles in lateral-lower region were highly active. In all subjects, total muscle activity in the whole cross-section and the maximum value of muscle activity increased in proportion to loading. This study demonstrates effectiveness of EMG-CT method by showing that the muscle cooperative activity of an individual is specific to force application conditions.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"18-00065-18-00065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.18-00065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of recovery time and loading modes on mechanical properties measures in damaged human cortical bone 恢复时间和加载方式对损伤人皮质骨力学性能的影响

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.18-00138

W. Joo, D. Davy

引用次数: 1

Fluid-structure interaction enhances the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings: a computational study 流固耦合增强扑翼气动性能的计算研究

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.17-00666

T. Nakata, R. Noda, Hao Liu

{"title":"Fluid-structure interaction enhances the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings: a computational study","authors":"T. Nakata, R. Noda, Hao Liu","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.17-00666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.17-00666","url":null,"abstract":"Insect wings change its shape passively by the aerodynamic and inertial forces when flapping, which can greatly affect its aerodynamic performances. In order to confirm the importance of the fluid-structure interaction in flapping wing aerodynamics, we performed computational fluid-structure interaction analyses of a hovering hawkmoth with ‘virtual’ vacuum conditions that can adjust the effect of the aerodynamic force on the deformation of flapping wings. It is turned out that the large part of the wing deformation, such as the wing twist, is induced by the inertial force as reported previously, but the adjustment of the wing deformation by the aerodynamic force can greatly affect the kinematics and the aerodynamics of flapping wings. While the wing deformation, regardless of the contribution of the aerodynamic force, can increase the aerodynamic power, force and efficiency of flapping wings, the wing deformation adjusted in response to the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wings can further enhance the aerodynamic performance. These results not only reveal the influence of the wing deformation on the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings, but also point out the great importance of the fluid-structure interaction in the aerodynamics of insect flight and the design of bio-inspired micro aerial vehicles.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.17-00666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Regulation of α-catenin conformation at cadherin adhesions 钙粘蛋白粘附时α-连环蛋白构象的调节

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.17-00699

K. Biswas

引用次数: 6

Changes of residual stress, diaphyseal size, and micro-nano structure in bovine femurs during growth and maturation 牛股骨生长和成熟过程中残余应力、骨干大小和微纳结构的变化

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.18-00110

S. Yamada, M. Onuma, M. Todoh, S. Tadano

{"title":"Changes of residual stress, diaphyseal size, and micro-nano structure in bovine femurs during growth and maturation","authors":"S. Yamada, M. Onuma, M. Todoh, S. Tadano","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.18-00110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.18-00110","url":null,"abstract":"Bone tissue is subjected to multiple forms of mechanical stress. Even in the absence of external loads, however, residual stress is measured, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study measured the changes in residual stresses, diaphyseal size, and the microand nanostructures of bone during growth and maturation, periods associated with different in vivo mechanical loads due to increasing body weight. Middiaphyses from bovine femurs in the following three age groups were examined: 1) less than one month old, 2) two years old, and 3) 8−9 years old. Residual stresses along the bone axis at anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial positions on the diaphyseal surface were measured by X-ray diffraction and averaged. Diaphyseal size, porosity, mineral contents, and degree of hydroxyapatite crystal orientation of transverse cross-sections were investigated for relations with residual stress. Residual stress increased significantly from less than one month old (83.7 ± 53.3 MPa) to two years old (125.5 ± 61.9 MPa) in parallel with expanding diaphyseal width and cortical thickness. Residual stress plateaued until 8−9 years old (114.6 ± 42.2 MPa) and was correlated with local cortical thickness (p < 0.05). At the stage, diaphyseal width was only slightly greater than at 2 years and cortical thickness was not significantly different. For all measurements across groups, residual stress statistically correlated with porosity (p < 0.05), mineral contents (p < 0.01), and degree of crystal orientation (p < 0.01). These observations suggest that residual stresses are generated due to bone formation and reconstruction under changing in vivo mechanical loads with age. In conclusion, residual stresses in bone are generated during development and maintained in maturation, and are indirectly related to diaphyseal size and both bone microand nanostructure.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"18-00110-18-00110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Enhancement of PC12 axonal extension via hybrid electromagnetic and mechanical stimulation 电磁和机械混合刺激增强PC12轴突延伸

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.18-00024

E. Nakamachi, Kazuya Matsumoto, Ryota Sakiyama, Koji Yamamoto, Y. Morita

{"title":"Enhancement of PC12 axonal extension via hybrid electromagnetic and mechanical stimulation","authors":"E. Nakamachi, Kazuya Matsumoto, Ryota Sakiyama, Koji Yamamoto, Y. Morita","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.18-00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.18-00024","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a hybrid electromagnetic and mechanical stimulation system that can apply an alternative current magnetic field (ACMF) and tensile strain fields on PC12 cells was developed to enhance nerve axonal extension. For the ACMF stimulation system, we used a frame to facilitate uniform ACMF application and in situ microscopic observation. We optimized the design of the frame based on analytical results. We verified that the developed ACMF stimulation system can generate a uniform magnetic field. Further, we designed a uniaxial stretch stimulation system. The cell culture area of the stretch stimulation system was made of a nonmagnetic material. The strain in the stretch stimulation region was confirmed to be uniform, with acceptably small deviations. Next, the effectiveness of axonal extension enhancement was validated by adopting two stimulation methods, ACMF and stretch, separately or in combination, hereafter referred to as ACMF, stretch, and hybrid conditions. PC12 cells seeded on the silicone sheets were cultured for 96 h under the three stimulation conditions. The enhancement rate of the hybrid condition was higher than the enhancement rates of ACMF stimulation and stretch stimulation. The effects of stretch stimulation on axonal extension appeared immediately after beginning the stimulation, while the effects of ACMF stimulation took longer to appear. These results revealed that there are different mechanisms of cell environment stimulation of the axonal extension of PC12 cells and that hybrid stimulation is the most effective stimulation method of those studied.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"18-00024-18-00024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.18-00024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Preface: Special issue on “Recent Advances in Biomechanical Science and Engineering – Asian-Pacific Association for Biomechanics” 前言:亚太生物力学学会“生物力学科学与工程新进展”特刊

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.18PREFACE01

K. Tsubota, A. Thambyah

引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional deformation mode of multicellular epithelial tube under tension and compression tests 拉伸和压缩试验下多细胞上皮管的三维变形模式

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.17-00507

Satoru Okuda, Katsuyuki Unoki, Mototsugu Eiraku, K. Tsubota

引用次数: 0

Combined automated culture system for tubular structure assembly and maturation for vascular tissue engineering 用于维管组织工程管状结构组装和成熟的组合自动化培养系统

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.18-00137

K. Baba, A. Mikhailov, Y. Sankai

{"title":"Combined automated culture system for tubular structure assembly and maturation for vascular tissue engineering","authors":"K. Baba, A. Mikhailov, Y. Sankai","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.18-00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.18-00137","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the robust yet practical tissue culture systems for vascular grafting is one of the major challenges for biomedical engineering. The following questions should be solved in priority: (1) flexibility of the tissue reservoir allowing dynamic stretching, (2) seeding of cells and extraction of tissues should be easy and safe, (3) system must allow morphological observation in real time, (4) maintenance of metabolic activity of tissues should be performed automatically. In our study, we attempted to solve these problems designing in vivo-like culture chamber made of PDMS, and developed an integrated system with a perfusion bioreactor and a small digital microscope. We developed disposable cell chamber with following qualities: transparent, autoclave-sterilizable, non cell-adhesive, and having low autofluorescence. The polyacetal mold made it possible to prepare a chamber hosting the tissue of the desired shape and size. In our case, a porous tube made from PTFE was fixed inside the chamber and tubular cell culture space was prepared for loading of preformed cell spheroids. Perfusion of the media within the porous tube continuously supplied the nutrients and oxygen to the spheroids. Growth and fusion of the cell spheroids inside the chamber can be observed real time by the small digital microscope and analyzed retrospectively by time-laps movies. We loaded batches up to 900 goat fibroblast spheroids into the system; growth, development and morphological fusion of the spheroids were followed out for 10 days. Removal of the tissue without disturbing its structural integrity was possible, and histological analysis revealed reasonable fusion degree between spheroids, and 72.5 % cell survival rate as estimated by TUNEL staining. In conclusion, our system has the basic performance necessary for culturing cell spheroids for tissue-engineered vascular graft.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"18-00137-18-00137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.18-00137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Numerical analysis of the effect of trabeculae carneae models on blood flow in a left ventricle model constructed from magnetic resonance images 核磁共振左心室模型中小梁模型对血流影响的数值分析

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1299/JBSE.17-00597

Tomomi Yamada, T. Hayase, Suguru Miyauchi, Kenichi Funamoto

{"title":"Numerical analysis of the effect of trabeculae carneae models on blood flow in a left ventricle model constructed from magnetic resonance images","authors":"Tomomi Yamada, T. Hayase, Suguru Miyauchi, Kenichi Funamoto","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.17-00597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.17-00597","url":null,"abstract":"Although the blood flow velocity in a left ventricle (LV) has been considered to be sufficiently fast to prevent thrombus formation, internal wall structures, such as trabeculae carneae (TC) and papillary muscle, recently received attention as possible causes of reduced near-wall blood flow. As a fundamental consideration of this problem, this study established a method for constructing an unsteady LV model from magnetic resonance (MR) images and investigated the effect of a few simplified TC structures on the blood flow in the model. The LV model at arbitrary time steps was constructed by deforming a computational mesh generated from MR images at a reference time step. The validity of the proposed construction scheme was confirmed by comparison with the configuration of an LV model extracted from MR images. Numerical analysis was performed for the unsteady blood flow in LV models with and without two simplified TC structures. The flow field in the model with the internal structure differed from that in the model without the internal structure near the wall, and flow separation caused by the internal structure decreased wall shear stress on the rear of the internal structure. The computational results provide fundamental information for the complex interaction between the internal structures and the blood flow in an LV.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"17-00597-17-00597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1299/JBSE.17-00597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66263798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4