中国血吸虫病防治杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Factors affecting differentiation between <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> and <i>Tricula</i> snails among schistosomiasis control professionals in Yunnan Province].","authors":"X Cui, J Song, C Li, H Wang, C Du, M Shen, Z Yang, X Shi, S Li, Y Dong","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024054","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the capability for distinguishing between the morphology of &lt;i&gt;Oncomelania hupensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Tricula&lt;/i&gt; snails and its influencing factors among schistosomiasis control professionals in Yunnan Province, so as to evaluate the interference of &lt;i&gt;Tricula&lt;/i&gt; snails with &lt;i&gt;O. hupensis&lt;/i&gt; surveys.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. hupensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Tricula&lt;/i&gt; snails were sampled from 9 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts) in Yunnan Province. The capability for distinguishing between &lt;i&gt;O. hupensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Tricula&lt;/i&gt; snails was evaluated using online questionnaire surveys and field blind tests among schistosomiasis control professionals, and the proportions of correct judgment, misjudgment and missed judgment were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were created using the software SPSS 25.0, and factors affecting the proportion of correct judgments of &lt;i&gt;O. hupensis&lt;/i&gt; snails were identified among schistosomiasis control professionals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Questionnaire surveys and field blind tests showed that the overall proportions of correct judgments of &lt;i&gt;O. hupensis&lt;/i&gt; snails were 56.77% (2 305/4 060) and 68.28% (1 556/2 279) among schistosomiasis control professionals in Yunnan Province, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis of online questionnaire surveys identified gender [odds ratio (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;) = 1.244, 95% confidential interval (&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;): (1.073, 1.441), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05], professional title [&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt; = 0.628, 1.741, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: (0.453, 0.871), (1.109, 2.734), both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05], working duration [&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt; = 0.979, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: (0.971, 0.987), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05] and classification of schistosomiasis epidemics in endemic foci [&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt; = 1.410, 0.293, 0.523, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: (1.103, 1.804), (0.237, 0.361), (0.416, 0.657), all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05] as factors affecting the proportion of correct judgments of &lt;i&gt;O. hupensis&lt;/i&gt; snails among schistosomiasis control professionals in Yunnan Province, and multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustments showed that the proportion of &lt;i&gt;O. hupensis&lt;/i&gt; snail misjudgments was 1.179 times higher among male schistosomiasis control professionals than among females [&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt; = 1.179, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: (1.006, 1.382), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05], and 1.474 times higher among schistosomiasis control professionals in schistosomiasis-elimination areas with snails than in areas without snails [&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt; = 1.474, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: (1.145, 1.898), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05], and the proportions of missed judgments of &lt;i&gt;O. hupensis&lt;/i&gt; snails were 0.284 [&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt; = 0.284, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: (0.225, 0.359), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05] and 0.523 times [&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt; = 0.523, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: (0.412, 0.664), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05] higher among schistosomiasis control professionals in transmission-interruption areas with snails and schistosomiasis-elimination areas with snails than in schistosomiasis-elimination areas withou","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"514-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</i> alleviates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: a preliminary study].","authors":"Y Zhang, C Yuan, Q Wang, X Ding, J Yao, B Zhang, S Qiao, Y Dai","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024073","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024073","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the alleviation of &lt;i&gt;Nippostrongylus brasiliensis&lt;/i&gt; infection on dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, and to explore the underlying mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty male C57BL/6J mice of the SPF grade, each weighing approximately 25 g, were randomly divided into three groups, including the blank control group (NC group), DSS modeling group (DSS group), and &lt;i&gt;N. brasiliensis&lt;/i&gt; treatment group (Nb + DSS group), of 10 mice in each group. Mice in the DSS group were orally administered with 3.5% DSS daily since day 1 (D0) for 6 successive days, and given normal drinking water since D6, and animals in the Nb + DSS group were subcutaneously injected with the third-stage larvae of &lt;i&gt;N. brasiliensis&lt;/i&gt; at a dose of 500 larvae per mice 5 days prior to D0, followed by oral administration with 3.5% DSS daily since D0 for 6 successive days and normal drinking water since D6, while mice in the NC group were given normal drinking water. Mouse body weight and stool were observed and the disease activity index (DAI) was scored in each group during the study period. All mice were sacrificed on D9. The mouse colon length was measured, and mouse colon specimens were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and histopathological scoring. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 was quantified in mouse colon specimens using quantitative fluorescent real-time PCR (qPCR) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA and protein expression of mucosal repair-associated molecules zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), mucin 2 (MUC2) and claudin-1 was detected in mouse colon specimens using qPCR assay and immunofluorescence assay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The mice body weights, DAI scores and colon lengths were (26.26 ± 1.93), (22.39 ± 1.65), (25.00 ± 1.58) g (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 8.06, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01); (1.89 ± 0.34), (0.47 ± 0.39), 0 points (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 57.61, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.000 1); and (42.50 ± 5.75), (56.20 ± 5.96) mm and (61.17 ± 7.88) mm (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 13.72, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) in the NC, DSS and Nb + DSS groups on D9, respectively, and elevated mouse body weight (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), reduced DAI score (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.000 1) and increased colon length (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) were observed in the Nb + DSS group relative to the DSS group on D9. Pathological examinations showed that the colonic crypts were relatively intact and the inflammatory cell infiltration was lower in the mouse colon specimens in the Nb + DSS group than in DSS the group. There was a significant difference in the histopathological scores of mouse colon specimens among the NC group (0 point), the DSS group [(2.00 ± 1.22) points] and the Nb + DSS group [(0.20 ± 0.45) points] (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 10.71, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), respectively, and the histopathological score of mouse colon specimens was significantly higher in the DSS group than in the NC and Nb + DSS groups (both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"450-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Optimization of the control strategy and research priorities to combat the resurgence of visceral leishmaniasis in China].","authors":"X Zhou, S Li, J Chen, Y Zhang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024192","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by <i>Leishmania</i> infection and transmitted by sandflies. There are three main forms of leishmaniasis, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. China is mainly endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, which is a class C notifiable infectious disease in the country. Following concerted efforts, the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis had been controlled in most endemic foci of China by the end of 1958, with a few cases reported in western China. Due to global climate changes and population mobility, resurgence of visceral leishmaniasis has recently occurred in historical endemic areas of central and western China, which is characterized by gradual expansion of endemic areas and remarkable rebounding epidemics. Hereby, we summarize the national and global epidemiology and control strategy of visceral leishmaniasis, propose 8 key research areas and 12 key research topics for visceral leishmaniasis control, and recommend the establishment of the joint prevention and control mechanism of \"human-animals-vectors\" and the working mechanism of animal prevention for human diseases based on the One Health approach, so as to combat the resurgence of visceral leishmaniasis in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 4","pages":"329-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Establishment and application of an artificial intelligence-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs].","authors":"H Zhu, Y Li, D Zhu, Y Wang, J Zhang, S Chen, X Ma, H Wang, H Li, J Li","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024094","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs, and to evaluate its detection efficiency and accuracy, so as to provide technical supports for elimination of parasitic diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1 003 slides of <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i>, horkworm, <i>Trichuris trichiura</i>, <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>, <i>Taenia</i>, <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>, <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i>, <i>Paragonimus westermani</i> and <i>Fasciolopsis buski</i> eggs were collected, and converted into digital images with an automatated scanning microscope to create a dataset. Based on the Object Detection platform on the Baidu Easy DL model, an AI-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs was created through procedures of uploading, labeling, training, evaluation and optimization. Then, 70% of the datasets were randomly selected for model training, and the precision, recall and average accuracy were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of platform for recognition of parasite eggs. In addition, the platform was deployed on the computer and smart phone terminals for use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An AI-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs was successfully created. If the platform was deployed using the public cloud application programming interface (API), the average accuracy, precision and recall of the platform were 93.42%, 92.55% and 89.32% for recognition of parasite eggs. If the platform was deployed using the offline software development kit (SDK), the average accuracy, precision and recall of the platform were 92.97%, 94.78% and 87.63% for recognition of parasite eggs. In addition, the precision of the platform was 97.00% and 96.23% for identification of <i>Taenia</i> and <i>C. sinensis</i> eggs, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AI-assisted platform for detection of parasite eggs has been successfully created, which is high in the accuracy for recognition of parasite eggs and convenient in use. This platform may provide a powerful technical support for parasitic disease diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 6","pages":"643-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Surveillance of the population density of adult <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2023].","authors":"R Lu, M Cheng, A Luo, Y Chen, M Luo, J Duan, Z Chen, Y Zhong, S Hu, H Deng","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024074","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024074","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the fluctuations in the population density of &lt;i&gt;Aedes albopictus&lt;/i&gt; and changes in the population density of &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; in different geographical areas and different breeding habitats in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2023, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases in the province.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; surveillance sites were assigned in 1 609 townships (streets) from 121 districts (counties) of 21 cities in Guangdong Province during the period between March and November from 2018 to 2023. The surveillance of the population density of &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; was performed once a month in each surveillance site, and once a month in specific settings in cities where dengue were highly prevalent in Guangdong Province from December to February of the next year during the period from 2018 through 2023. Four streets (villages) were selected in each surveillance site according to the geographic orientation, and mosquito ovitraps were assigned in gardens, rooftops or public green belts at residential areas, parks, hospitals and construction sites. All mosquito ovitraps were collected, and the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) was calculated. The population density of &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; was classified into four grades in each surveillance site according to MOI, including no risk, low risk, medium risk and high risk. The risk classification of the &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; density was analyzed in each surveillance site each year from 2018 to 2023, and the population density of &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; was analyzed at different months and in different geographical areas and breeding habitats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 118 241 &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; surveillance sites were assigned in 21 cities of Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2023, and there were 68.26% of the surveillance sites with the population density of &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; that met the requirements for dengue prevention and control, among which low, medium and high risk surveillance sites accounted for 23.61%, 6.67% and 1.47%. The risk classification of the &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; density increased rapidly in Guangdong Province since April to May each year from 2018 to 2023, and then gradually reduced since September to October, with the peak during the period between May and July. The mean MOI was 4.21 at each surveillance site in Guangdong Province during the period from 2018 to 2023, with 4.69, 4.80, 4.38, 3.82, 3.38, and 4.33 from 2018 to 2023, respectively. The MOI was 4.35, 4.43, 3.53 and 3.58 in the Pearl River Delta region, and eastern, western, and northern Guangdong Province, respectively, and was 4.18, 5.44, 4.75, 3.24, 4.27 and 3.70 in residential areas, parks, construction sites, hospitals, waste collection stations, and other breeding habitats, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The population density of adult &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopict","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 6","pages":"591-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spatiotemporal distribution of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022].","authors":"X Cui, X Ma, N Liu, J Liu, W Lei, S Wu, X Qin, C Gong, X Mo, S Yang, T Zhang, L Cao","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024058","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and potential influencing factors of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, so as to provide insights into the formulation of the echinococcosis control strategy in Qinghai Province.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The number of individuals screened for echinococcosis, number of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases, number of registered dogs and number of stray dogs were captured from the annual reports of echinococcosis control program in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, and the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was calculated. The number of populations, precipitation, temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours, average altitude, number of year-end cattle stock, number of year-end sheep stock, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and number of village health centers in each county (district) of Qinghai Province were captured from the &lt;i&gt;Qinghai Provincial Statistical Yearbook&lt;/i&gt;, and county-level electronic maps in Qinghai Province were downloaded from the National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Services. The software ArcGIS 10.8 was used to map the distribution of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province, and the spatial autocorrelation analysis of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was performed. In addition, the spacetime scan analyses of number of individuals screened for echinococcosis, number of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases and geographical coordinates in Qinghai Province were performed with the software SaTScan 10.1.2, and the spatial stratified heterogeneity of the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was investigated with the software GeoDetector.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 6 569 426 residents were screened for echinococcosis in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, and 5 924 newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases were found. The detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2016 to 2022 (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 11.107, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), with the highest detection in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in 2017 (82.12/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;). There were spatial clusters in the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2018 (Moran's &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt; = 0.34 to 0.65, all &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt; values &gt; 1.96, all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values &lt; 0.05), and the distribution of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases appeared random distribution from 2019 to 2022 (Moran's &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt; = -0.09 to 0.04, all &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt; values &lt; 1.96, all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values &gt; 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed high-high clusters and low-low clusters in the detection of new diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, and space-time scan analysis showed that the first most likely cluster areas of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022 were ma","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"474-480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis in the world: a review].","authors":"X Chen, Y Shi, S Zhou, M Geng, H Tu, J Song, C Zheng, J Sun","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by viscerotropic <i>Leishmania</i> species and transmitted by bites of infected phlebotomine sandflies, which is predominantly prevalent in the Indian subcontinent, eastern Africa and South America. Currently, visceral leishmaniasis is the second most fatal parasitic disease in the world. Because of climate changes, urban development and individual conditions, there are changes in the density of visceral leishmaniasis vector sandflies and the likelihood of contact with humans, resulting in a visceral leishmaniasis transmission risk. The review summarizes natural, social and biological factors affecting the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis, so as to provide insights into formulation of targeted control measures for visceral leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 4","pages":"412-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genetic polymorphisms of common sandflies in selected areas of Henan Province based on DNA barcoding].","authors":"D Wang, Z He, C Yang, D Lu, Y Sun, Y Kou, D Qian, H Zhang, Y Liu","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024036","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To characterize the species of common sandflies in Henan Province using DNA barcoding with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (&lt;i&gt;COI&lt;/i&gt;) gene as the molecular marker, and to analyze the genetic polymorphisms of sandflies, so as to provide insights into visceral leishmaniasis prevention and control in Henan Province.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sandfly specimens were sampled from 13 sandflies surveillance sites from 2021 to 2023 in Anyang City, Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Xuchang cities (Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xuchang areas) where visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported and in Jiaozuo and Xinxiang cities (Jiaozuo-Xinxiang areas) without visceral leishmaniasis cases reported. Genomic DNA was extracted from a single sandfly, and &lt;i&gt;COI&lt;/i&gt; gene was amplified. The amplification product was subjected to bidirectional sequencing. Following sequence assembly, the species of sandflies was characterized through sequence alignment using the BLAST tool. The intra-specific and inter-specific genetic distances of sandflies were estimated among different areas using the software Mega 11, and phylogenetic trees were created. The polymorphisms of nucleotide sequences in the sandflies &lt;i&gt;COI&lt;/i&gt; gene were estimated using the software DnaSP. The fixation index (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;sub&gt;ST&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;) of different geographical isolates of sandflies was calculated using the Arlequin software, and the gene flow value (&lt;i&gt;Nm&lt;/i&gt;) was used to measure the gene flow in the sandflies populations. In addition, the population genetic structure of different geographical populations of &lt;i&gt;Phlebotomus chinensis&lt;/i&gt; was analyzed using the STRUCTURE software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 978 sandflies were collected from 13 sandflies surveillance sites in Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xuchang areas, Jiaozuo-Xinxiang areas and Anyang City of Henan Province from 2021 to 2023, and 475 sandflies were randomly sampled for subsequent detections. A total of 304 &lt;i&gt;Ph. chinensis&lt;/i&gt;, 162 &lt;i&gt;Se. squamirostris&lt;/i&gt; and 9 &lt;i&gt;Se. bailyi&lt;/i&gt; were identified based on molecular biological detection of the &lt;i&gt;COI&lt;/i&gt; gene, and &lt;i&gt;Se. bailyi&lt;/i&gt; was reported for the first time in Henan Province. The intraspecific genetic distances of sandflies were 0.000 to 0.040, and the inter-specific genetic distances ranged from 0.133 to 0.161. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that each of the three sandfly species was clustered into a clade. The genetic polymorphisms of &lt;i&gt;Ph. chinensis&lt;/i&gt; populations varied among different areas, with the highest haplotype diversity (0.966 ± 0.007) and the greatest nucleotide diversity (0.011) in Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xuchang areas, and the lowest haplotype diversity (0.720 ± 0.091) and nucleotide diversity (0.004) in Anyang City. The dominant haplotype of &lt;i&gt;Ph. chinensis&lt;/i&gt; populations was Pch_Hap_2 in Anyang City and Jiaozuo-Xinxiang areas, with moderate genetic differentiation (0.05 &lt; &lt;i&gt;F&lt;sub&gt;ST&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.15) and frequent gene exchange (&lt;i&gt;Nm&lt;/i&gt; value &gt; 1) ","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 4","pages":"352-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of canine <i>Leishmania</i> infections in Xin'an County, Luoyang City in 2020].","authors":"R Cheng, Y Sun, C Yang, X Zhu","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prevalence of canine <i>Leishmania</i> infections in villages endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Xin'an County, Luoyang City, so as to provide insights into visceral leishmaniasis prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All dogs were captured from Huzhanggou Village, Xin'an County, Luoyang City in August 2020, where local cases with visceral leishmaniasis lived. The basic characteristics of dogs were collected, and venous blood was collected via the ear or neck veins of dogs. The serum anti-<i>Leishmania</i> antibody was detected using the rk39 immunochromatographic test and <i>Leishmania</i> nucleic acid was detected using PCR assay, and the prevalence of <i>Leishmania</i> infection was estimated in dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 domestic dogs were captured from Huzhanggou Village, with a median age of 18.0 (28.5) months. The sero-prevalence of anti-<i>Leishmania</i> antibody was 24.81% (33/133) and the prevalence of a positive PCR assay was 14.29% (19/133) in dogs. The median ages of <i>Leishmania</i>-infected and uninfected dogs were 24.0 (36.0) months and 12.0 (18.0) months, respectively (<i>U</i> = 872.000, <i>P</i> = 0.000), and the prevalence of <i>Leishmania</i> infection was 55.56% (5/9) in \"mangy dogs\" and 24.19% (30/124) in asymptomatic dogs (χ² = 2.793, <i>P</i> = 0.095).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are a large number of asymptomatic dogs with <i>Leishmania</i> infections in Xin'an County, Luoyang City, with a high transmission risk of visceral leishmaniasis. Timely prevention and control measures are required to control the spread of visceral leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 4","pages":"399-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution and seasonal fluctuation of visceral leishmaniasis vectors sandflie in Lüliang City of Shanxi Province in 2023].","authors":"Y Wang, Y Jia, Y Liang, P Hao, X Tian, W Feng, X Dong, C Wang, Y Zhang, H Chen","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the distribution and seasonal fluctuations of visceral leishmaniasis vectors sandflies in Lüliang City, Shanxi Province, so as to provide insights into assessment of the visceral leishmaniasis transmission risk and formulation of visceral leishmaniasis control measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 12 natural villages were sampled from Shilou County, Lishi District, Lanxian County, Linxian County and Wenshui County in Lüliang City, Shanxi Province from June to September, 2023, and sandflies were captured using light traps from 7 breeding habitats, including farmers' houses, sheep pens, cattle pens, chicken coops, pig pens, mule and horse pens, and loess-cave dwellings. Following morphological identification of the sandfly species, the distribution of sandflies and the seasonal fluctuations of the sandfly density were analyzed. In addition, the <i>Leishmania</i> was detected in sandflies using a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2 831 sandflies were captured with 156 light traps in Lüliang City from June to September, 2023, including 2 638 female sandflies (93.18%) and 193 male sandflies (6.82%), and the average density was 16.91 sandflies/(light-night). The seasonal fluctuations of the sandfly density all appeared a unimodal distribution in all survey sites, and the sandfly density peaked in July and then declined rapidly. Among all types of breeding habitats, the greatest sandfly density was found in sheep pens [39.04 sandflies/(light-night)]. In addition, 4.08% (2/49) of the sandfly samples were tested positive for <i>Leishmania</i> nucleic acid as revealed by the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sandflies were widely distributed in Lüliang City, Shanxi Province in 2023, and the peak of the sandfly density was observed in July, which had a visceral leishmaniasis transmission risk. Intensified surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis and sandfly vectors is required and targeted vector control is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 4","pages":"403-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}