Y. Bogdanov, B. Bantysh, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, I. A. Dmitriev, V. Lukichev
{"title":"High-fidelity tomography of fluorescent ion qubits under conditions of limited discrimination between bright and dark levels","authors":"Y. Bogdanov, B. Bantysh, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, I. A. Dmitriev, V. Lukichev","doi":"10.1117/12.2624251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2624251","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is devoted to the development of a method for high-precision tomography of ion qubit registers under conditions of limited distinguishability of the states of a logical value 0 and a logical value 1. In the considered ion qubits, the identification of the quantum state is achieved by measuring the fluorescence of the ion by repeated excitation of the cyclic transition, which includes only the lower energy state that sets a logical value 0 and becomes bright, but does not include the upper metastable state that remains dark and sets logical value 1. It is important to note that it is not always possible to achieve low levels of registration errors due to the finite lifetime of excited levels, photon scattering, dark noise, low numerical aperture values, etc. However, even under such conditions, with use of the model of fuzzy quantum measurements, it is possible to provide precise control of quantum states. We show that a model that is characterized by relatively high levels of errors under conditions, where we have a reliable statistical model of their occurrence, is more accurate than the case when the considered errors are small, but we do not have an adequate statistical model for the occurrence of these errors. In the given illustrative examples, we show that the factor of reducing the loss of accuracy with the use of the model of fuzzy measurements can reach values of the order of 1000 or more in comparison with standard measurements. The obtained results are essential for the development of high-precision methods for controlling the technology of quantum computing on the ion platform.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123868126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantum measurements and high-precision control of quantum states","authors":"Y. Bogdanov","doi":"10.1117/12.2624317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2624317","url":null,"abstract":"The report presents a general approach for estimating quantum information technologies by means of fuzzy quantum measurements. The developed methods are used for precision reconstruction of quantum states under conditions of significant influence of decoherence and quantum noise. Monitoring of the amount of information about quantum states and their parameters, including the loss of information caused by the effect of quantum noise, is considered. Examples of the developed approach as applied to readout errors and phase relaxation are presented.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122616863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yurii I. Bogdanov, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, Yurii A. Kuznetsov, Vladimir Lukichev
{"title":"High-fidelity tracking of the evolution of multilevel quantum states","authors":"Yurii I. Bogdanov, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, Yurii A. Kuznetsov, Vladimir Lukichev","doi":"10.1117/12.2624232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2624232","url":null,"abstract":"The method of quantum tomography, which allows us to track with high accuracy the evolution of multilevel quantum systems (qudits) in Hilbert spaces of various dimensions is presented. The developed algorithms for quantum control are based on the use of the spinor representation of the Lorentz transformation group. In the simplest case of one-qubit states, it turns out that, in addition to three-dimensional rotations on the Bloch sphere, one can introduce four-dimensional Lorentz pseudorotations, similar to the transformations of the special theory of relativity. We show that feedback through weakly perturbing adaptive quantum measurements turns out to be capable of providing high-precision control of the quantum system, while introducing only weak perturbations into the initial quantum state. It turns out that, together with the control of a quantum system through its weak perturbation, the developed algorithms for controlling the evolution of the state of a quantum system can be super-efficient, providing a higher measurement accuracy than any standard POVM (PositiveOperator Valued Measure) protocols. The results of the study are important for the development of optimal adaptive methods for quantum states and operations controlling.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121307243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dmitriy V. Fastovets, Yurii I. Bogdanov, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, V. Lukichev
{"title":"Study of decoherence of a superposition of macroscopic quantum states by means the consideration of a multimode state of a Schrödinger cat","authors":"Dmitriy V. Fastovets, Yurii I. Bogdanov, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, V. Lukichev","doi":"10.1117/12.2624303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2624303","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum Schrodinger cat states are of great interest in quantum communications and quantum optics. These states are used in various scientific fields such as quantum computing, quantum error correction and high-precision measurements. The analysis of the Schrodinger cat states coherence is an important task for their complete practical application. Our developed approach makes it possible to estimate the coherence of the quantum Schrodinger cat state of arbitrary dimension, as well as to find the interference visibility of the state: an important optical characteristic. The obtained simple quantitative relationship between coherence and the Schmidt number, as well as the developed approach of reducing the multidimensional quantum cat state to a two-mode analog allow us to analyze macroscopic states formed by a large number of modes. Several explicit formulas for the reduced states that arise after measuring of some modes of the considered multimode system are obtained. The research results have significant application and can be used in the development of high-dimensional quantum information processing systems.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122099446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The quantum version of prediction for binary classification problem by ensemble methods","authors":"K. Khadiev, L. Safina","doi":"10.1117/12.2624427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2624427","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we consider the performance of using a quantum algorithm to predict the result of a binary classification problem when a machine learning model is an ensemble of any simple classifiers. This approach is faster than classical prediction and uses quantum and classical computing, but it is based on a probabilistic algorithm. Let N be the number of classifiers from an ensemble model and O(T) be the running time of prediction of one classifier. In classical case, the final result is obtained by ”averaging” outcomes of all ensemble model’s classifiers. The running time in classical case is O (N · T). We propose an algorithm that works in O (√N · T ).","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantum algorithm for the shortest superstring problem","authors":"K. Khadiev, C. Machado","doi":"10.1117/12.2624618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2624618","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the “Shortest Superstring Problem”(SSP) or the “Shortest Common Superstring Problem”(SCS). The problem is as follows. For a positive integer n, a sequence of n strings S = (s1, . . . , sn) is given. We should construct the shortest string t (we call it superstring) that contains each string from the given sequence as a substring. The problem is connected with the sequence assembly method for reconstructing a long DNA sequence from small fragments. We present a quantum algorithm with running time O∗(1.728n). Here O∗ notation does not consider polynomials of n and the length of t.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121058575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecule ground state energy estimation via continuous-time quantum walks","authors":"Leonid Fedichkin, F. Meshchaninov","doi":"10.1117/12.2522474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2522474","url":null,"abstract":"The application of continuous quantum walks of electron on a graph composed of coupled quantum dots to molecule energy estimation is considered. The graph considered corresponds to the molecule Hamiltonian matrix. The presence of electron in each quantum dots is monitored by nearby quantum point contacts. The system is set to a state with an overlap with the ground state of the system. Then, system evolves, and finally, the ground state energy is assessed. The influence of noise produced by the point contacts on the estimation performance is also investigated.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117010558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Golishnikov, D. Kostyukov, M. G. Putrya, V. Shevyakov
{"title":"Features of silicon deep plasma etching process at 3D-TSV structures producing","authors":"A. Golishnikov, D. Kostyukov, M. G. Putrya, V. Shevyakov","doi":"10.1117/12.2521969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2521969","url":null,"abstract":"In this work experimental research results of silicon deep plasma etching features during 3D-TSV structure producing in inductively coupled plasma are presented. Silicon etching operational parameters influence (inductor RF power, working gas consumption) on process technological characteristics (Si etching rate, selectivity and etching profile) is investigated. Wherein passivation stage’s operational parameters were not changed and were constant. It is shown that microroughness in the form of microneedles and column structures can be formed on the bottom of formed structures at low RF power values; full stop of Si etching process can be also possible. It has been revealed that during polymerization stage fluorocarbon film’s deposition rate increase is observed on structure’s inclined surface in comparison with film’s deposition rate on vertical surfaces. At the same time fluorocarbon film’s deposition rate on the bottom of trench is higher than in inclined surface of the structure. Silicon surface after deep plasma etching process is studied. Fluorocarbon film’s adhesion to silicon and silicon oxide ability is researched. It is demonstrated that adhesion on test samples has small values or missing.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"80 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129067210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yurii A. Kuznetsov, Yurii I. Bogdanov, B. Bantysh, Nadejda A. Bogdanova
{"title":"The concept of weak measurements and the super-efficiency of quantum tomography","authors":"Yurii A. Kuznetsov, Yurii I. Bogdanov, B. Bantysh, Nadejda A. Bogdanova","doi":"10.1117/12.2522078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2522078","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum measurement procedure based on the Lorentz transformation formalism and weak perturbation of the system is considered. In the simple case of a single-qubit it turns out that one can perform 4-dimension pseudo-rotation along with ordinary 3-dimension rotations on the Bloch sphere. These pseudo-rotations are similar to the Lorentz transformation in special relativity theory. The extension of the Lorentz transformation for many-qubit systems is also considered. The quantum measurement protocols based on the Lorentz transformation are proposed. It has been shown that these protocols cease to form the decomposition of unity and could be superefficient providing the fidelity higher than any POVM-measurement protocol. However, one can perform the complement of the Lorentz protocol to POVMprotocol by an additional measurement operator. If the initial mixed state is close to the pure one this operator corresponds to weak perturbation of the state while the original Lorentz protocol sets the strong perturbations. As the result, the feedback provides an effective control of a quantum system introducing weak perturbations to the quantum state.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121107601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Tsarik, S. D. Fedotov, V. Nevolin, V. Statsenko
{"title":"Structural and morphological properties of Ga(Al)N grown by MBE on 3C-SiC/Si (111) templates with off-axis and on-axis substrate orientation","authors":"K. Tsarik, S. D. Fedotov, V. Nevolin, V. Statsenko","doi":"10.1117/12.2521959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2521959","url":null,"abstract":"Results of surface morphology and crystalline structure had shown for Ga(Al)N layers which was grown by MBE on 3С- SiC/Si(111) virtual substrates with on-axis and 4° off-axis orientation. Roughness values had increased up to ~7 nm for on-axis and to ~5 nm for 4° off-axis orientation after 560 nm deposition of GaN. Monocrystalline GaN(0002) was verified by ω-rocking curve measurement with FWHM 0.61-0.76° for on-axis and 0.55-0.65° for 4° off-axis orientation. Wafer bow shown the ascending up to ~18 μm for on-axis and ~12 μm for 4° off-axis orientation and tensile strain for all samples had been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":388511,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116481224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}