Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal最新文献

{"title":"How Green are Green Debt Issuers?","authors":"Jochen M. Schmittmann, Han Teng Chua","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3893025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3893025","url":null,"abstract":"Green debt markets are rapidly growing while product design and standards are evolving. Many policymakers and investors view green debt as an important component in the policy mix to achieve the transition to a low carbon economy and ensure the pricing of climate risks. Our analysis contributes to the nascent literature on the environmental impact of green debt by documenting the CO2 emission intensity of corporate green debt issuers. We find lower emission intensities for green bond issuers relative to other firms, but no difference for green loan and sustainability-linked loan borrowers. Green bond, green loan, and sustainability-linked loan borrowers lower their emission intensity over time at a faster rate than other firms.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127000853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For the Love of the Environment: An Analysis of Green versus Brown Bonds During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Hande Ayaydin, Seza Danışoğlu, Z. Nuray Guner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3877405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3877405","url":null,"abstract":"Increased awareness among investors about environmental and social issues made green bonds a popular investment alternative over the last decade. This study analyzes whether the primary and secondary market return performance of green bonds is affected from the market conditions induced by the pandemic. Results presented in this study show that while both green and comparable conventional (brown) bonds issued by corporations experienced a decline in their primary market yields following the start of the pandemic, the decline for the green bonds was somewhat larger, resulting in green bond yields that are 32 basis points lower on average. Secondary market results of the study confirm the stronger demand for green bonds in this market as well and show that while both green and brown bonds experience a decline in their secondary market returns during the pandemic, the decrease in brown bond returns is 45 basis points larger compared to green bonds. Findings also suggest that failure to consider issuer types may lead to biased results when green bonds are compared against their conventional alternatives.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125181071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Economy of Market-Based and Information-Based Environmental Policies","authors":"Jason M. Walter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3892503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3892503","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary research shows consumers are willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly products, suggesting eco-labels and other information-based policies may be an alternative to market-based policy tools. Emission taxes and tradable permits incentivize pollution reduction through monetary penalties, thereby punishing dirtier firms. Eco-labeling, instead, incentivizes pollution reduction through monetary rewards, allowing producers to leverage environmentally-concerned consumers’ willingness-to-pay to increase their profits. A comparison of emission taxes and eco-labels illustrates a “carrot” versus “stick” approach to environmental policy. Both approaches yield environmental benefits; however, the political nature of environmental policy can create scenarios where the socially-optimal environmental policy is not implemented. This paper compares the political and economic impacts from traditional market-based policies to the popularized use of information-based eco-labels. The political nature of environmental policy suggests the “stick” provides an unpopular but effective environmental guidance, whereas the “carrot” shifts cost to consumers and yields only minor environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131505395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Influence of Double-Sided Rounded Screens on the Acoustic Field Around a Linear Sound Source","authors":"Vitalii Didkovskyi, V. Zaets, S. Kotenko, V. Denysenko, Yuriy Didenko","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2021.234657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.234657","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a study into the acoustic field of transport flow around noise protection screens located on both sides of the sound source. Most research on noise protection involving noise protection screens relates to the assessment of the effectiveness of screens located on one side of the noise source. The influence of the second screen on the effectiveness of the first one has been investigated only experimentally. Therefore, it is a relevant task to assess the mutual impact of the two screens between which the linear sound source is located. A problem was stated in such a way that has made it possible to derive an analytical solution and find a sound field around a linear sound source. In this case, the sound source was limited on both sides by acoustically rigid screens with finite thickness. The screens' cross-sections were shaped as part of a ring with arbitrary angles and the same radius. The problem was solved by the method of partial domains. This method has made it possible to obtain an infinite system of algebraic equations that were solved by the method of reduction. Such an approach to solving a problem allows a given solution to be applied for different cases of the mutual location of screens, source, and territory protected from noise. The study results help estimate a field between the screens, the dependence of increasing sound pressure on the road on the geometric size of the screen and the width of the road. In addition, the solution resulted in the ability to assess the impact of one screen on the efficiency of another in the frequency range of up to 1,000 Hz. It has been shown that the mutual impact of screens could reduce the screen efficiency by 2 times. The study reported here could make it possible to more accurately calculate the levels of the sound field from traffic flows when using noise protection screens, which is often performed in practice when designing new and reconstructing existing highways.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"495 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124436101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapeo de actores como metodología innovadora en la implementación de la política de ética de la investigación, bioética e integridad científica (Actor Mapping As Innovator Methodology in the Implementation of the Research Ethics, Bioethics and Scientific Integrity Policy)","authors":"Sonia Esmeralda Rojas Rojas, Magda Liliana Rincón Meléndez","doi":"10.18601/16578651.n29.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.n29.07","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> El presente artículo muestra cómo a través de la metodología denominada Mapeo de Actores se logró la construcción de un tejido de innovación que llevó a la alineación, articulación y ajuste de los roles, las funciones, responsabilidades y agendas de los actores e instituciones estratégicas que desarrollan procesos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTeI) en Colombia, con los principios y lineamientos en ética, bioética e integridad científica. La Mesa de Gobernanza –una de las cuatro mesas de trabajo que busca la implementación de la Política de Ética de la Investigación, Bioética e Integridad Científica en el país–, desde un ejercicio colectivo, inclusivo y plural, liderado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, logró dar sentido a las relaciones y sinergias generadas entre los actores del sector (modelo de gobernanza), a través de una estructura matricial, mapa de actores, que llevó a comprender el entorno en el que se desarrolla la política, desde una visión plural, y bajo el contexto del diálogo, de la participación y del discernimiento, en un verdadero juego de generación de valor público. La metodología desarrollada puede considerarse un ejercicio<br>tanto de innovación pública como de innovación social, donde las condiciones de la innovación pública son fundamentales para su desarrollo.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The present article shows how through the methodology called Actors Mapping methodology the construction of an innovation was achieved. This in turn led to the alignment, articulation and adjustment of the roles, functions, responsibilities, and agendas of the strategic actors and institutions that develop Science and Technology, and Innovation processes (CTeI) in Colombia, and adhered to the principles and ethic, bioethics and scientific integrity guidelines. The Governance Table is one of the four work tables that looks at the implementation of the Research Ethic, Bioethics, and Scientific Integration Policy in the country. It does so from the point of view of a collective, inclusive, and plural exercise, and is led by the Science, Technology and Innovation Ministry. It manages to make sense of the generated synergies between the sector actors (Governance model), through a matrix structure, actors mapping, that reaches the understanding of the context which is developed by the policy, from a plural vision, and under the dialogue, participation and discernment context, in a real game of public value generation. The methodology developed can be considered an exercise in public innovation and social innovation, since these are the public innovation conditions fundamentals for its development.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123103415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Promotes Land Documentation in Uganda?","authors":"T. Nakanwagi, T. Morokong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3870774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870774","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the promoters of land documentation in three districts (Kanungu, Nakasongola and Nwoya) located in different regions of Uganda. The study uses cross-section data collected in early 2019. We found that on average, about 73 percent of the respondents in the three study districts were aware of individuals or organizations that were encouraging land documentation. The highest percentage of respondents that were aware of land documentation promoters was in Nwoya (88.72%), Kanungu (62.98%) and Nakasongola (58.48%). Village local council leaders received the highest mentions as land documentation promoters in Kanungu and Nakasogola while NGOs dominated in Nwoya.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128546908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weather and Lockdown Compliance","authors":"Michael Ganslmeier, J. Van Parys, Tim Vlandas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3865699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3865699","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of containment measures depends on both epidemiological and sociological mechanisms, most notably compliance with national lockdown rules. Yet, there is growing discontent with social distancing rules in many countries, which is expected to intensify further during summer. Using a highly granular dataset on compliance of over 105,000 individuals in the United Kingdom (UK), we find that compliance with lockdown policies tends to be high in the overall population, but that specific segments of society are substantially less compliant. Our findings show that warmer temperatures decrease non-compliance with governmental guidelines of individuals who are male, divorced, part-time employed, and/or parent of more than two children. Thus, as long as heard immunity through vaccination is not achieved and new strains demand containment measures to remain in place, understanding the individual determinants of non-compliance behaviour in different seasons of the year will remain important for policymakers to design effective policies in the future.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114782782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Key Indicators of Community Involvement in Ecotourism Management","authors":"I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama, I. Laba, I. Junaedi, Ni Putu Dyah Krismawintari, S. Turker, J. Juliana","doi":"10.14505//JEMT.12.3(51).20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14505//JEMT.12.3(51).20","url":null,"abstract":"This research tries to find key indicators of community involvement in ecotourism management that can ensure that local communities are involved and take part in ecotourism activities must uphold the values of ecotourism, minimize negative impacts; build awareness and appreciation of ecosystems and culture; provide positive opportunities for visitors and hosts; provide direct financial benefits for conservation; provide monetary benefits and empowerment for local residents and increase the hospitality of rural communities. This study uses a desk research method with data and information search techniques online, secondary sources, and other sources of scientific publications. Meanwhile, the analysis technique used is a descriptive qualitative analysis technique, analogy, and comparison of several research results and other scientific publications related to ecotourism management problems. The ecotourism which is directly adjacent to the conservation forest be able to measure the success based on community participation that namely the MOA method which consists of Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability can be used. The ecotourism which is located in the middle of a village or village settlement can be measured by first that ecotourism can integrate nature and tourism so that (1) a unique tourist attraction that is completely different from other types of tourism, (2) optimally maintains nature according to its main function, (3) can encourage the community's economy as a whole, both the community, investors, and local governments, (4) integrating nature and the tourism system to form attractive tourist attractions in the future. The second conclusion is that ecotourism as an opportunity for local workers and attracts government interest (1) can involve local workers as personnel in its operations, (2) attracts government attention to building public facilities, (3) attracts government attention to providing public transportation, terminals, systems passenger safety, information systems. This study uses only a desk research method with data and information search techniques online, secondary sources, and other sources of scientific publications. Key Indicators of Community Involvement in Ecotourism Management for ecotourism which is directly adjacent to the conservation forest, and ecotourism which is located in the village settlement.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133873982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Disaster Management Mechanism Functioning Properly in Nepal? Understanding the issues from Gorkha Earthquake","authors":"Jyoti Koirala","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3859505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3859505","url":null,"abstract":"In Nepal, research on disaster management after the recent 2015 Earthquake is very important to conduct to find out the ongoing activities of the government and how the earthquake displaced people have taken it. For this purpose, understanding the mechanism plays an important role in managing the disaster. Nepal is vulnerable to natural disasters and every year there are significant losses of lives, property, and livelihoods (National Institute of Disaster Management, 2013). Due to this it is necessary to find out the gap in functioning of mechanism for disaster management. <br><br>The mechanism has been analyzed in three forms based on Preparedness, Response and Recovery and Reconstruction mechanism. There seems to be the significant relationship between the preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction mechanism and disaster management. Since the p-value is accepted at 5 percent level of significance, the hypothesis “The Disaster Management Mechanism is not functioning properly” is accepted, which shows that the Preparedness, Response, Recovery and Reconstruction mechanism is not functioning properly during the time of Gorkha Earthquake 2015. <br>","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130822739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Economics of Orbital Pollution Through the Lens of Terrestrial Climate Change","authors":"N. Adilov, Peter J. Alexander, Brendan M. Cunningham","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3900257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3900257","url":null,"abstract":"Orbital space is an economically and socially valuable resource that provides a vast array of satellite communication services for consumers, businesses, scientists, and governments. Among the socially valuable services provided, orbital satellites collect various types of environmental data relating to the earth’s surface and atmosphere. These data help scientists monitor and better understand the evolving terrestrial environment. When satellites are launched and undertake missions in orbital space, they create pollution in the form of orbital debris. Orbital debris can, and does, damage or destroy other satellites. National entities that utilize orbital space pledge to follow voluntary guidelines for minimizing orbital debris, but many do not comply. This non-compliant behavior, along with a substantial increase in the number of satellites in orbit, causes the density of the debris fields in orbit to increase, making it more likely that an increasing number of other satellites will be damaged or destroyed. The limiting case of this process is a “collisional cascade” which renders an orbit unusable. This scenario is broadly analogous to the effects of human-produced CO2, both in terms of the increasing economic and social costs of environmental damage over time and the difficulty in binding nations to international agreements. Because satellites are vital to monitoring terrestrial conditions and provide unique data on the current state of the global environment, we suggest there is a natural linkage for including orbital space in climate change negotiations. While this might complicate climate change negotiations, it could also usefully expand the overall bargaining space, providing new opportunities for agreement.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122265019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}