Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Consumer Perception and SWOT Analysis of Organic Food Products","authors":"Manida M, Dr. G. Nedumaran","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3549128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3549128","url":null,"abstract":"The development in the populace and the futures in the twentieth century has expanded the use of natural nourishment items. Customers' mindfulness is worried to item attributes investigation and acknowledgment by buyers. Numerous customers see natural nourishments to be of better quality, more advantageous and more nutritious than nourishment created utilizing traditional techniques, however convincing examination on potential impacts on a creature and human wellbeing is deficient. The Organic nourishment area is frail because of specific reasons such as, absence of reach, wrong dispersion channels, absence of retail arrangement, and so forth. Cleanliness, human prosperity and common stress close by material properties, for instance, nutritive worth, taste, freshness and appearance sway normal sustenance client tendencies. Measurement variables may portray normal clients, yet the association isn't incredibly basic. Clients similarly accomplice normal sustenance with basic technique, care for the earth and animal welfare and the non-use of pesticides and manures. The superior worth continues covering common sustenance usage. Understanding the grounds of extending the degree of characteristic sustenance usage, for instance, motivation is most fundamental in understanding the ability of the regular sustenance to transform into a truly standard market. This paper dissects the total investigation about the mindfulness among the buyers in Rajapalayam Taluk. The analyst has utilized Chi – Square Test, Percentage Analysis to decide the degree of buyer mindfulness. Through this investigation, it is found that customers are having a superior discernment about natural nourishment items. The interest in natural nourishment items are expanding step by step on an exceptionally huge scale as individuals are getting progressively cognizant about well-being and the earth. India is a developing business sector on account of natural nourishments and the interest for natural items is quickly expanding. Natural cultivating is one of the most significant and inclining sections in cultivating in India during this time.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126336138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Early Life Exposure to Environments with Unimproved Sanitation on Education Outcomes: Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"George Joseph, Yi Rong Hoo, Nazia Sultana Moqueet, G. Chellaraj","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9059","url":null,"abstract":"Despite Bangladesh's notable progress toward the eradication of open defecation, the country still faces severe deficits in the availability of improved sanitation. This paper analyzes the impact of exposure to unimproved sanitation early in childhood on primary school enrollment status, using pseudo-panel data for children ages six to nine years in Bangladesh. The results indicate that unimproved sanitation has a negative and significant impact on primary school enrollment. A child's early exposure to unimproved sanitation decreases the likelihood of being enrolled in primary school by eight to ten percentage points on average compared with a child with access to improved sanitation. The effect is particularly strong -- a difference of 8 to 10 percentage points -- for children ages six to seven. It is also strong in rural areas. The results are statistically robust to errors due to potential omitted variable bias.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116555485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment and Green Growth in Nigeria: Any Spillovers?","authors":"A. Adejumo, S. Asongu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3476550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3476550","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, investments in physical and human capital have been identified to foster real economic growth and development in any economy. Investments, which could be domestic or foreign, have been established in the literature as either complements or substitutes in varying scenarios. While domestic investments bring about endogenous growth processes, foreign investment, though may be exogenous to growth, has been identified to bring about productivity and ecological spillovers. In view of these competing–conflicting perspectives, this chapter, examines the differential impacts of domestic and foreign investments on green growth in Nigeria during the period 1970–2017. The empirical evidence is based on Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Granger causality estimates. Also, the study articulates the prospects for growth sustainability via domestic or foreign investments in Nigeria. The results show that domestic investment increases CO2 emissions in the short run while foreign investment decreases CO2 emissions in the long run. When the dataset is decomposed into three sub-samples in the light of cycles of investments within the trend analysis, findings of the third sub-sample (i.e. 2001–2017) reveal that both types of investments decrease CO2 emissions in the long run while only domestic investment has a negative effect on CO2 emissions in the short run. This study therefore concludes that as short-run distortions even out in the long-run, FDI and domestic investments has prospects for sustainable development in Nigeria through green growth.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114375041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Legal Analysis of the Mutual Interactions between the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) & Taxation","authors":"A. Pirlot","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3467544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3467544","url":null,"abstract":"This Chapter contributes to the debate on the “sustainability” of the tax system, where tax policy is discussed as a tool to achieve sustainable development. \u0000 \u0000Building upon the work of the United Nations (UN) and other international organisations, I show that three types of interactions can arise between taxation and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (section 1). These interactions are both positive and negative. \u0000 \u0000Based on the observation that the SDGs are supposed to be integrated in all policy areas, including taxation, I then explore whether policy-makers could be legally obliged to align the tax systems to the SDGs, eliminating potential negative interactions while reinforcing positive ones (section 2). Although the UN 2030 Agenda is not binding, it informs decision-making in the field of taxation, encourages policy-makers to reform their tax system and can also have some legal effects on the judicial process. \u0000 \u0000I do not analyse the 17 SDGs individually but rather provide a broad picture as to their overall impact on tax policy. I primarily rely on a legal approach. However, in some instances, I refer to economic and political theories that provide arguments in support of the use of regulatory tax measures.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116088332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cash Transfers, Negative Rainfall Shocks, and Child Food Insecurity in Ethiopia","authors":"K. Haile","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3463382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3463382","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role that social cash transfers play in mitigating the impact of negative rainfall shocks on the welfare of children in rural households. The study employed panel data that were collected between 2012 and 2014 for the evaluation of the social cash transfer pilot programme (SCTPP) in Tigray regional state of Ethiopia. A follow-up survey was conducted in 2016 to capture the effects of a negative rainfall shock triggered by El Niño weather events, which seriously affected the countries in eastern and southern Africa between the beginning of 2015 and early 2016. The results from the Correlated Random Effects (CRE) model reveal that negative rainfall shocks cause child food insecurity. Cash transfers have positive welfare effect on children after adjusting for the impact of rainfall shocks. In the presence of negative rainfall shocks, children in the beneficiary households are better-off in their food security status than those in the comparison households. The paper provides policy-relevant findings to stimulate dialogue regarding the effectiveness of social cash transfers in enhancing rural households’ capacity to manage the detrimental welfare impacts of negative rainfall shocks on their most vulnerable members.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130129049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Marketing: The Emerging Key Driver towards Sustainability in an Emerging Economy: An Investigation into Impact of Demographics on Green Consumption","authors":"Sanjeela Mathur, Neelam Tandon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3462927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3462927","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging economies like Brazil, India China and Russia have finally claimed it’s rightful place on the global economic map and at the same time some other economies like Indonesia, Turkey, Nigeria and Mexico are rapidly growing in importance. This marks the beginning of a new economic order which is instrumental in shaping the global economic development and shape new paradigms to address the political and economic issues faced by the world. However, none of this development comes without posing some unique challenges. Removal of poverty and lack of employment definitely remain a common challenge for most economies in transition. But far more pressing are the issues of social inequality and environmental sustainability that these economies need to address. Economies have to adopt strategies to integrate sustainability with growth and move towards inclusive development that is socially, economically and environmentally profitable. Sustainability is bound to emerge as a key driver to generate necessary momentum to bring about a ‘ new balance’ between developing economies, emerging economies and developed economies of the world.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131177781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroeconomic Outcomes in Disaster-Prone Countries","authors":"A. Cantelmo, Giovanni Melina, C. Papageorgiou","doi":"10.5089/9781513515380.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513515380.001","url":null,"abstract":"Using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, we study the channels through which natural disaster shocks affect macroeconomic outcomes and welfare in disaster-prone countries. We solve the model using Taylor projection, a solution method that is shown to deal effectively with high-impact weather shocks calibrated in accordance to empirical evidence. We find large and persistent effects of weather shocks that significantly impact the income convergence path of disaster-prone countries. Relative to non-disaster-prone countries, on average, these shocks cause a welfare loss equivalent to a permanent fall in consumption of 1.6 percent. Welfare gains to countries that self-finance investments in resilient public infrastructure are found to be negligible, and international aid has to be sizable to achieve significant welfare gains. In addition, it is more cost-effective for donors to contribute to the financing of resilience before the realization of disasters, rather than disbursing aid after their realization.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126326058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor Air Quality and Cognitive Performance","authors":"Steffen Künn, Juan Palacios, N. Pestel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3460848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3460848","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the causal impact of indoor air quality on the cognitive performance of individuals using data from official chess tournaments. We use a chess engine to evaluate the quality of moves made by individual players and merge this information with measures of air quality inside the tournament venue. The results show that poor indoor air quality hampers cognitive performance significantly. We find that an increase in the indoor concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by 10 μg/m3 increases a player's probability of making an erroneous move by 26.3%. The impact increases in both magnitude and statistical significance with rising time pressure. The effect of the indoor concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is smaller and only matters during phases of the game when decisions are taken under high time stress. Exploiting temporal as well as spatial variation in outdoor pollution, we provide evidence suggesting a short-term and transitory effect of fine particulate matter on cognition.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123953975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Risk Perceptions and Demand for Flood Insurance","authors":"Dimuthu Ratnadiwakara, Buvaneshwaran Venugopal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3531380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3531380","url":null,"abstract":"Using detailed micro-level data, we show that individuals' beliefs about climate change influence their choice and level of flood insurance coverage. Our empirical strategy exploits the heterogeneous impact of widening partisan polarization on climate change beliefs after the 2016 general election. We find that, in areas where flood insurance is not mandatory, a one-standard-deviation drop in the fraction of adults who believe global warming is happening leads to a 26% drop in the demand for flood insurance. In areas where flood insurance is mandatory, a similar drop in beliefs is associated with a lower propensity to carry voluntary content coverage and a higher likelihood of choosing the maximum deductible amount. As a secondary test, we exploit the flood insurance premium increases due to the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012. We show that homeowners who do not believe global warming is happening were more likely to terminate mandatory flood insurance coverage by prepaying mortgages.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116012259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Consumption","authors":"Muhamad Chairul Basrun Umanailo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3461847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3461847","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted in Waimangit Village of Buru Regency with the objectives to analyze community food security planning, make projections for diversification of local food consumption and food security in Waimangit Village. The approach used is qualitative with the basic method of descriptive analysis. The results showed that, Local food consumption is still low with the level of diversification of food consumption is also still low, factors that affect the level of diversification of food consumption is, expertise in processing, number of household members and social interaction, There is no shift of rice consumption pattern to local food, local food consumption condition only occurs at certain age segmentation, Food security level generally belong to food vulnerable where household is long term plant based farmer.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116965582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}