Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Individualism and Climate Change Policies: International Evidence","authors":"Trung V. Vu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3547076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547076","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis paper aims to examine the extent to which the cultural dimension of individualism/collectivism matters for international differences in climate change policy performance. This study postulates that individualistic societies, relative to their collectivistic counterparts, are more likely to address global climate change.Design/methodology/approachThe main hypothesis is tested using data for a world sample of up to 92 countries. To achieve causal inference, this study isolates exogenous sources of variation in individualistic cultures, based on blood distance to the UK and historical pathogen prevalence.FindingsThe core results suggest that individualistic countries are characterized by greater climate change policy performance. This study also finds evidence that individualism affects climate change policy adoption through enhancing governance and female political representation. Subnational analyses based on data from the World Values Survey indicate that survey participants with an orientation toward individualism tend to self-report positive attitudes to pro-environmental policies.Research limitations/implicationsThe main findings help improve the understanding of the deep origins of climate change policy performance, which is relevant for formulating policies that help mitigate the consequences of changing climate conditions.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first study to link cultural traits of individualism and climate change policy performance across countries.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125935350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Concern and Policy Support Among Early-Career Scientists in Europe","authors":"S. Shayegh, Matthew R Sisco, Ewan Geffroy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3540284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3540284","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) is taking final steps towards the 2020 target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 20% from 1990 levels. The new generation of climate policies are being discussed and designed to achieve the EU commitments in the Paris agreement. Public support specially among the scientific community is the key determinant of the success of any climate policy. In this paper we report the result a broad survey of more than 800 alumni of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, a highly selective and prestigious European academic fellowship about their belief in climate change, their concerns about the status of it, and their support for an array of policy proposals to address this problem. We find that climate change has been accepted as a “fact” by overwhelming majority of the respondents while it is also considered the most concerning global issue for this group of future leaders of the EU scientific community. Allocating more funding towards renewable energy research and more carbon emission regulation received the most support from the respondents. The political beliefs and ideological affinity seem to play a minor role in their support for different policy proposals. In designing future climate policies in Europe, a bipartisan support for providing alternative energy options through funding renewable energy research may benefit from having a high priority.<br><br>• We conduct a survey of over 800 alumni of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, the up-and-coming generation of scientists in Europe who will be, sooner or later, in a position to shape the future of European climate policies.<br><br>• The overwhelming majority of the participants believe in climate change and rank it as the most concerning global issue higher than terrorism and international migration.<br><br>• Regardless of different political beliefs and ideological affinities, there is a consensus among the respondents to support more research in renewable energies and to more strictly regulate carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130839348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Banking: A Mini-Review","authors":"Shamma Al Mulla, Haitham Nobanee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3539125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3539125","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental degradation and natural resource shortages are increasingly becoming a threat to human life. Based on the recent research conducted, the prevailing condition of environmental pollution can effectively be addressed through financial institutions and banks. The primary element is starting and managing businesses to take into account land, labor, and capital act. Businesses cannot run without adequate capital. Different types of industrial and production organizations are the key source of finance to most banks and financial institutions. Therefore, there is a great need to come up with a banking system that will aid in reducing pollution on the environment. In an attempt to address the issues of environmental degradation, most countries have adopted the Green Banking practices to provide an alternative for other banking systems. The inability to take into consideration the role of various stakeholders during the implementation stages has been considered a major challenge facing the adoption of this type of banking system. The research paper conducts a comprehensive study on Green Banking and its application in ensuring environmental sustainability. There have been concerns on how Green Banking can contribute to environmental sustainability. The aim of the study is to determine the role of green banking practices in fostering environmental sustainability development by obtaining and testing the data obtained from Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited. Secondary data was employed by the study to investigate the topic of the study. The descriptive statistical tools like simple average, tables, and percentage have been employed by the study to present the data collected from the secondary sources. The result obtained showed that Green Banking practices such as online banking, paperless banking system, and green lending policy contribute positively towards environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"58 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113961249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders on Board: Impact in Microfinance Sustainability and Social Outreach","authors":"Mohammad Delwar Hussain, I. Ahmed, M. Mohiuddin, Md Tareq Bin Hossain","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3531819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3531819","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study develops an applicable governance structure based on multi-theoretical approach with relevant factors by using Bangladesh as a case study for doing microfinance governance research by considering stakeholders participation on board and its impact on double bottom-line performances.<br><br>Design/Methodology/Approach: This research utilized longitudinal dataset (80 MFIs with 13 years and 1040 observations), with econometrics modelling to ascertain cause and effect relationship among the variables.<br><br>Findings: In view of ‘social-welfare &amp; commercial logic’ it found MFI’s services to the poor are non-linearly influenced by profitability. If MFIs pursue high profit it tends to decrease the outreach. It contributes the existing literature by supporting stewardship theory that is CEO duality is important for developing countries. It develops new dimensions of variables considering MFIs age and size as a moderating role based on stakeholder and resource dependence theory which explain the positive and significant impact on dual performances.<br><br>Practical Implications: The findings of this study suggest that MFIs can appoint a social director, as the microfinance board of directors, have to make sure that the MFIs follow the social duty. This kind of directors has been representing the clients for the MFIs.<br><br>Originality/Value: This study has emphasized on governance indicators by considering board effectiveness which may be prejudiced by MFIs’ competency. Meanwhile, board associates should uphold stakeholders’ wellbeing rather than administrations. Ensuring microfinance governance there is a necessity for comprehensive superintendent principles.<br><br>Limitation/Implication: This study copes with limitations considering data availability, time constraint, geographical, or cultural differences, etc. In Bangladesh, there is no centralized data based on microfinance research. It is persistently afflicted by information limitations. So, future research may consider those approaches and develop the extent of MFIs’ outreach to the poor as well as institutional sustainability.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122238511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Reconsideration of Inter-Group Cooperation with Defect Problem, with an Application to the Climate Change Issue","authors":"Yanling Guo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3581283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3581283","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that seeking to benefit the own group can under certain conditions achieve the opposite result when the beneficiary inter-group cooperation opportunity is undermined with a prisoners’ dilemma type tribal interest conflict. In this paper, I reconsider this problem using knowledge gained from various disciplines ranging from psychology to social economics, to gain more insight. As an exercise, I apply the result to analyze the dealing with the climate change, while other applications are possible.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114900706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on ‘Consumer Buying Behavior Towards the Green Marketing Practices’","authors":"Rohit Sharma, Dr. Jyotsna Pahuja","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3849995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3849995","url":null,"abstract":"Green marketing is one of every of the simplest ways that is employed by the organization to make or to form a complete image within the minds of the client. It’s very useful technique to save the environment for the future. Green marketing came into existence in 80s that is outlined as selling the merchandise in environmentally friendly way, in brief known as eco-friendly which includes many activities like redefining the merchandise quality, product modification, changes within the production method, technological advancements, improvement within the packing, promotion methods increasing the attention of customers.The Green promotional activities and products quality provides differentiation in terms of creating image and builds the core ability among the corporations. The green marketing produces an amendment within the shopping for behavior and client perspective towards purchasing.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123659851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Inclusion and Financial Inclusion: International Evidence","authors":"Peterson K. Ozili","doi":"10.1108/ijdi-07-2019-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-07-2019-0122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to investigate the association between social inclusion and financial inclusion. Social inclusion and financial inclusion are two major development policy agendas in many countries, and the association between them has received little attention in the policy and academic literature.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The findings reveal a positive and significant correlation between social inclusion and financial inclusion for Asian countries, Middle Eastern countries and African countries while the correlation between social inclusion and financial inclusion is negative for European countries. The findings also show that European and Asian economies experience higher levels of social inclusion and account ownership in a formal financial institution while African countries and Middle Eastern countries experience lower levels of social inclusion and account ownership.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The association between social and financial inclusion has received little attention in the policy and academic literature. This is the first study that investigates the association between social and financial inclusion.\u0000","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114335300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Cost of Carbon in a Non-Cooperative World","authors":"Christoph Hambel, H. Kraft, Eduardo S. Schwartz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3418249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3418249","url":null,"abstract":"The recent literature has derived simple formulas for the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) that are easy to interpret, but that only apply to the global economy. This is an issue since international transfers to sustain the global optimum with the same carbon price for all countries are still lacking after thirty years of climate summits. The main research objective of our paper is to obtain tractable analytical and interpretable formulas for the SCC, the optimal carbon taxes, and the optimal consumption-abatement strategies in a non-cooperative world. We find that the optimal taxes are proportional to national GDP and can be decomposed into a domestic and a foreign component where the latter stems from trade. Besides, heterogeneity in country-specific damage functions together with the size of international trade can significantly affect the regional distribution of the SCC.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131401219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India in the Coming Climate G2?","authors":"Jonathan R. Camuzeaux, T. Sterner, Gernot Wagner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3515379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3515379","url":null,"abstract":"China and the United States are the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, making them pivotal players in global climate negotiations. Within the coming decade, however, India is set to become the most important counterpart to the United States, as it overtakes China as the country with the most at stake depending on the type of global burden-sharing agreements that reached, thus becoming a member of the “Climate G2.�? We analyse financial flows that are necessary to equilibrate marginal abatement costs across countries and regions under a wide range of burden-sharing agreements: from pure grandfathering based on current emissions to equal per-capita allocation. Among the four largest players, the United States, the EU-27, China, and India, it is China that would currently be the largest net seller of emissions allowances in all but the grandfathered scenario. The United States would be the largest net buyer. However, India is poised to take China’s position by around 2030. That leaves the United States and India as the two major countries with most to gain and lose, depending on the type of climate deal reached.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125679615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Positive Revenue and Economic Impact of Section 179D the Commercial Buildings Energy-Efficiency Tax Deduction","authors":"Ike Brannon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3493233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3493233","url":null,"abstract":"The United States Internal Revenue Code has had a tax deduction for the design of energy efficient public or commercial buildings since 2005. However, this tax break has always been a short-term provision, extended near year end for a year or two at a time, largely because of budget exigencies created by Congressional PAYGO rules. Since the provision ostensibly costs the federal government a modicum of foregone revenue, Congress must find a way to make up for that revenue. <br><br>However, a proper accounting for the true cost savings from reduced energy consumption from the implementation of 179D would demonstrate that the provision almost assuredly saves governments--the federal, state, and local altogether--money from its implementation, by allowing local governments to overcome purely political short-term budget constraints and allowing them to make decisions that are best for taxpayers in the long run by incentivizing cost-effective energy-saving investments.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129440181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}