Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift最新文献

{"title":"Igennem urenhed til himlen: Den tanato-kosmologiske transformation fra israelitisk religion til kristendom","authors":"H. Jensen","doi":"10.7146/rt.v0i69.112739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i69.112739","url":null,"abstract":"ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the Hebrew Bible, there is no wish for a heavenly existence among human beings; God and his angels on the one hand and human beings on the other, normally maintain a safe distance from each other. Divine beings are potentially deadly for humans, and dead humans are the strongest source of impurity that threatens to encroach upon holy places. With the ‘ontological’ transformation in antique Judaism and early Christianity that opened up the possibility of an eternal life in heaven, followed a reversal of the value of death-impurity in a manner that resembles Indian Tantrism; no longer something to avoid, the way to heaven passed through dead bodies. \u0000DANSK RESUMÉ: I Det Gamle Testamente er der ingen forventning eller ønske om et liv i himlen efter døden. Gud og guddommelige væsener på den ene side og mennesker på den anden bevarer normalt en rimelig afstand til hinanden. Guddommelige væsener er potentielt dræbende, og døde mennesker er den stærkeste form for urenhed der truer med at invadere hellige steder. Med den ‘ontologiske’ transformation der fandt sted i antik Jødedom og som åbnede for muligheden for et liv i himlen efter døden, fulgte en omvending af synet på døde menneskers kroppe, der på nogle punkter minder om den indiske tantrisme. Døde kroppe skulle ikke længere undgås, men opsøges på vejen til himlen.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77297175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paulus er ikke død – han lugter bare grimt: Den aksiale værdiomkalfatrings betydning for tidlig Kristusreligion","authors":"A. Petersen","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112743","url":null,"abstract":"ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through a discussion of Dostoevsky’s depiction of the death of the staret in Brothers Karamazov, I discuss the olfactory channel of communication in religion with the aim in mind to tease apart the underlying ontology pertaining to different forms of religion. The focus is on impurity related to putrefaction in death. Contrary to the understanding represented by the ironic voice of the narrator in Brothers Karamazov, I explore the view holding the saintly person to undergo an olfactory transformation in death changing into a pleasurable aroma and thereby becoming an indexical token of celestial life. From Brothers Karamazov, I proceed to examine notions of divine presence and olfactory tokens in ancient Graeco-Roman culture. I use it as a historical foil to analyse Paul’s total inversion of the motif in 2 Cor 2, 14-17 and 4, 7-12 in which he portrays himself and his Christ-message as an indexical putrefaction of Christ. Thus, the title of my essay: “Paul isn’t dead, he just smells funny.” Finally, I discuss the extent to which such an understanding is encompassed by Philippe Descola’s notion of analogistic ontology. \u0000DANSK RESUMÉ: Jeg fokuserer i artiklen på en form for urenhed, som er knyttet til væmmelsen ved ligstank. I første omgang ser jeg på staretsens død i Brødrene Karamasov. Ad den vej bevæger jeg mig tilbage til græsk-romersk antik og drøfter sammenhængen mellem forestillingen om guddommeligt nærvær og velduft. Diametralt modsat denne opfattelse er Paulus’ skildring af sig selv og sit budskab som en omvandrende ligstank. Det er den aksiale spænding for fuld udluftning. Endelig diskuterer jeg i hvilket omfang, en sådan opfattelse og billedbrug lader sig rumme inden for Philippe Descolas tanke om analogismen som en af fire fundamentalontologier.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73477832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forord til RvT 69: forløsning og urenhed","authors":"H. Jensen, J. Christiansen, K. F. Baunvig","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112738","url":null,"abstract":"Forord til RvT 69: forløsning og urenhed","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90334755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De orfiske mudderbade: Esoteriske renhedsforestillinger i oldtidens Grækenland","authors":"Lars Albinus","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112742","url":null,"abstract":"ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The symbolic distinction between purity and pollution was prevalent in Ancient Greece, not least among the Orphics. As a religious reform movement of the Axial Age, they authored a discourse which was polemically directed against the dominant Homeric tradition. This shows, for instance, in their eschatological reconception of the relationships between humans and gods, life and death. As part of an initiation ritual, they offered purifications, including self-defilement with blood and mud, with the purpose of releasing the initiate from the cycle of births (reincarnation). Allegedly, the initiation entailed a ritual staging of the realm of the dead – an imitatio mortis – in which the uninitiated were doomed to a hapless fate, whereas the initiated were introduced to a divine and carefree afterlife. \u0000DANSK RESUMÉ: Den symbolske distinktion mellem renhed og urenhed spillede en afgørende rolle i det antikke Hellas, ikke mindst for orfikerne. De fremstår i den forbindelse som en typisk aksetidsbevægelse, der forholder sig polemisk til den herskende tradition. Således tilskrev de forholdet mellem mennesker og guder, liv og død, en eskatologisk betydning, der stod i modsætning til det homeriske univers. De indførte også renselsesriter med blod og mudder som del af et initiationsritual, hvis formål var at guddommeliggøre initianden gennem en frigørelse fra fødslernes kredsløb. Her tyder alt på, at ritualet bestod en rituel iscenesættelse af dødsriget – imitatio mortis – der skelnede mellem uindviede, som gik en trøstesløs skæbne i møde, og indviede, som kunne se frem til et sorgløst efterliv.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73795661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anmeldelse af Kasper Bro Larsen, Jesus, Tænkepause, Aarhus Universitetsforlag 2018","authors":"A. Petersen","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112776","url":null,"abstract":"Anmeldelse af Kasper Bro Larsen, Jesus, Tænkepause 64, Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag 2018","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80085806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selvforsømmelse, fuldskab og andre beskidte ting i Koranen og tidlig islam","authors":"J. Christiansen","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112744","url":null,"abstract":"ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This article presents and discusses two cases from the Qurʾān and the early Islamic post-qurʾānic period that may be relevant to the overall topic of this special issue, “Salvation through impurity (anomic practice)”: 1) The so-called ‘drunken’ or ‘intoxicated’ Islamic mystics, here represented by the Persian ṣūfī al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (d. 922); and 2) the state of iḥrām, which is the holy state that a Muslim enters in connection with the minor and major Islamic pilgrimage. Based on the two cases, which I have termed an obvious and an unobvious example of the positive (post)Axial relation between salvation and anomic practice, I propose the analytical distinction between a ‘temporary’ and ‘permanent’ ‘fetishism with impurity’. Whereas the drunken ṣūfīs seem to pursue a more permanent anomic – and perhaps impure – mode of being, the qurʾānic descriptions of the state of iḥrām indicate a temporary and controlled exit from and entry back into the normal system. I argue that such a negotiation, and ultimately archaic solution, could be a result of the Qurʾān being a complex, conflictual, and tension-filled post-Axial compromise from its very beginning. \u0000DANSK RESUMÉ: I denne artikel præsenterer og diskuterer jeg to cases fra henholdsvis Koranen og den tidlige islamiske post-koraniske periode som kan være relevante for dette temanummers overordnede tema): 1) De såkaldte ‘fulde’ eller ‘berusede’ islamiske mystikere repræsenteret her af den persiske ṣūfī al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (d. 922); og 2) iḥrām-tilstanden, som er den hellige tilstand man som muslim indtræder i i forbindelse med den lille og store islamiske pilgrimsfærd. Med udgangspunkt i de to cases, som jeg har kaldt et oplagt og et uoplagt eksempel på en positiv (post-)aksial forbindelse mellem frelse og anomisk prasisk, foreslår jeg den analytiske skelnen mellem en ‘temporær’ og en ‘permanent urenhedsfetichisme’. Hvor de fulde ṣūfīer synes at søge en mere permanent anomisk – og måske uren – situation, er de koraniske beskrivelser af iḥrām-tilstanden en temporær og kontrolleret exit fra og entry tilbage til det normale system. Jeg argumenterer for, at en sådan forhandling, og i sidste ende arkaisk løsning, kan skyldes at Koranen allerede fra sin begyndelse var et komplekst, konfliktuelt og spændingsfyldt post-aksialt kompromis.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79406226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shabbetai Tsvis nedstigning til Farao – et jødisk eksempel på forløsning gennem urenhed","authors":"Marianne Schleicher","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112745","url":null,"abstract":"ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As a Jewish example of redemption through impurity, this article analyses the ’strange acts’ of the Jewish mystic Shabbetai Tsvi. These acts included pronunciation of the tetragrammaton, liturgical subversions of synagogue service and Jewish praxis in general, odd approaches to sex, praying at grave sites, extreme asceticism, and conversion to Islam. Referring to theories by Robert Bellah, Philippe Descola, and Hans J. Lundager Jensen, I argue for the adequacy of ’inverted dualism’ as a concept that can explain these strange acts in conflict with Jewish law. The explanation is situated in the historical development of Israelite-Jewish religion from a monistic worldview, over a direct dualistic worldview, to an inverted, this-worldly dualism with great bearings on how Jews would perceive evil and the Torah. \u0000DANSK RESUMÉ: Som et jødisk eksempel på forløsning gennem urenhed analyseres den jødiske mystiker Shabbetai Tsvis ’fremmedartede handlinger’ så som udtalelse af tetragrammet, liturgiske omkalfatringer af synagogegudstjenesten og jødisk praksis generelt, mærkværdige tilgange til sex, grave som bedesteder, ekstrem askese og konversion til islam. Med reference til teorier af Robert Bellah, Philippe Descola og Hans J. Lundager Jensen argumenterer jeg for begrebet ’inverteret dualisme’ som egnet til at forklare disse fremmedartede handlinger i konflikt med jødisk lovstof. Forklaringen indlejres i den israelitisk-jødiske religions udvikling fra en monistisk verdensopfattelse over en direkte dualistisk verdensopfattelse til en inverteret dualisme i det dennesides, hvilket især har konsekvens for opfattelsen af ondskab og Torah.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88926477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kāmākhya, den menstruerende gudinde: Tantrisme for lægfolk og elite","authors":"M. Fibiger","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112747","url":null,"abstract":"ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Based on an analysis of the cult around the tantric goddess Kāmākhya from Assam, I will discuss her appeal for both laypeople and ascetics. A special feature is that she menstruates and that her blood is held to have thaumaturgical as well as transformative properties. For laypeople the hope is that it will have a positive effect on their lives here and now, and for the ascetics that it will give rise to an internal process with a soteriological goal in mind. Consequently, I shall present a differentiation between a hardcore and a softcore tantrism and, furthermore, their interrelationship. \u0000DANSK RESUMÉ: Med udgangspunkt i en analyse af kulten omkring den tantriske gudinde Kāmakhya fra Assam diskuteres hendes brede appeal for både lægfolk og asketer. Det specielle ved gudinden er, at hun menstruerer, og at blodet tillægges både thaumaturgiske og transformative egenskaber. For lægfolk er håbet, at det kan have positiv effekt for deres liv nu og her, for asketer at det vil sætte gang i en individuel proces med et soteriologisk mål for øje. I den forbindelse vil en skelnen imellem en hard core- og en soft core-tantrisme og deres interrelation blive præsenteret.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73664926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionstænkning, identitetspolitik og kulturrelativisme: Svar til Anne-Christine Hornborgs respons på en review-artikel","authors":"A. Petersen","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112774","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionstænkning, identitetspolitik og kulturrelativisme. Svar til Anne-Christine Hornborgs respons på en review-artikel","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79118799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religionshistorie på lyst og fromme eller hvad?: En review-artikel af Mikael Rothstein, Den kristne krop.","authors":"A. Petersen","doi":"10.7146/RT.V0I69.112775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/RT.V0I69.112775","url":null,"abstract":"Religionshistorie på lyst og fromme eller hvad? – en review-artikel af Mikael Rothstein, Den kristne krop. Fem essays om kød, blod, hud og hår, UPress 2018","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79692541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}