Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie最新文献

{"title":"New approaches to the issue of pyrogens in parenteral preparations.","authors":"Michal Janů","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.026","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New approaches to the issue of pyrogens in parenteral preparations The article provides a basic understanding of the pathophysiology of exogenous and endogenous pyrogens, particularly in the context of parenteral administration of drugs and the use of medical devices. It explains that pyrogens cause an increase in body temperature by activating the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus, with bacterial lipopolysaccharides being the most common source of pyrogenic burden. Contamination of pharmaceuticals with pyrogenic substances can lead to adverse effects, including life-threatening conditions. The text focuses on modern methods for identifying pyrogens, specifically endotoxins, and selecting suitable analytical procedures for their determination. These include in vivo tests on rabbits and the bacterial endotoxin tests, as well as in vitro tests such as the monocyte activation test and the recombinant Factor C test. The work includes a detailed description how to perform these tests, their advantages and disadvantages, and the development of methods for detecting pyrogens in pharmaceuticals. The author explains the reasons of false positive and negative test results, and ilusrates the calculations of threshold endotoxin limits. Information is provided on the new strategy of the European and Czech Pharmacopoeias on this issue, emphasizing efforts to reduce pyrogenic burden and the need to control both microbiological and endotoxin contamination levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 3","pages":"169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosemary - its biologically active compounds and their pharmacological effects.","authors":"Jana Karlíčková, Aneta Klížová","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.008","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rosemary - its biologically active compounds and their pharmacological effects Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been used since ancient times for medicinal, cultic, and magic purposes. With the stress and diseases, it is increasingly popular today for many uses in both pharmacy and aromatherapy, as a spice in the kitchen and as a preservative. This plant has many interesting compounds (e.g. rosmarinic and carnosic acid, carnosol), which show a considerable amount of positive pharmacological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 1","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct oral anticoagulants from the perspective of Czech pharmacists - opinions, attitudes, confidence, and patient education during dispensing in a pharmacy.","authors":"Simona Dvořáčková, Kateřina Malá-Ládová, Tereza Mertová, Eliška Kolmanová, Josef Malý","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.004","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct oral anticoagulants from the perspective of Czech pharmacists - opinions, attitudes, confidence, and patient education during dispensing in a pharmacy Introduction and Aim: Pharmacists play an important role in the management of anticoagulation therapy, therefore good knowledge and confidence in care of patients treated with anticoagulation are essential. The aim of this study was to analyse the opinions and attitudes of pharmacists in the Czech Republic towards direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), their perception of the benefits and risks of DOACs, and the position of pharmacists in educating patients about the basic principles of DOAC treatment in the context of dispensing these medicines in pharmacies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online anonymous questionnaire survey conducted in 2021 among pharmacists of three specific District Pharmacists Associations of the Czech Chamber of Pharmacy. The questionnaire included 32 open- and closed-ended questions, and questions for reporting of the level of agreement using a Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 162 pharmacists participated (14% return rate), 139 of whom dispensed medicines in a pharmacy in the last year. Respondents working in pharmacies located in any health centre and in hospital pharmacies reported dispensing DOACs more frequently (p &lt; 0.001). The majority of respondents (73%) felt completely or rather confident in providing expert information regarding DOACs. Higher confidence was associated with respondents working in hospital pharmacies or pharmacies located in health centres (p &lt; 0.05), working in clinical pharmacy wards (p &lt; 0.05) and being more likely to dispense DOACs in the pharmacy (p &lt; 0.001). Higher confidence was related to the areas pharmacists discussed with patients during DOAC dispensing, e.g., reasons for using DOACs or how to administer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The frequency of dispensing DOACs, type of pharmacy, and working as clinical pharmacist influenced respondents' confidence towards DOACs. Confidence may have influenced the course of DOAC dispensing in the pharmacy. Consolidating the pharmacist's position in patient education during DOAC treatment and strengthening pharmacists' confidence in dispensing DOACs should be therefore considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsolete for many years but still in use - consumption of phenobarbital in compounding pharmacies.","authors":"Miroslav Turjap, Eva Pailová, Jan Juřica","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.001","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenobarbital was synthesized by the German organic chemist Emil Fischer in 1911. It is approved and marketed in the Czech Republic as an antiepileptic in tablet and injection form. Although phenobarbital as a hypnosedative has been outdated for decades, it is still available as a substance and used for the individual compounding of various obsolete mixtures. It is likely that prescribers are unaware of the risks associated with their use. The article presents a brief pharmacological profile of phenobarbital, lists the most often used mixtures, substance consumption and risks associated with its use.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 1","pages":"8-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) in a therapy of respiratory diseases.","authors":"Zdeňka Navrátilová","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.028","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) in a therapy of respiratory diseases 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) is a natural terpenic compound isolated from eucalyptus essential oil, it is present also in other plant species, especially from Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, and Zingiberaceae family. Plants containing 1,8-cineole have long been used to treat common cold and other respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal complaints, fever, infections, asthma, rheumatism, and skin conditions. 1,8-cineole is used in foods, cosmetics, perfumery, and also in pharmaceutical industry. 1,8-cineole exerts an antimicrobial, antiviral, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effect and is suitable for the treatment of respiratory infections and other diseases. Medicinal effects were confirmed not only in vitro and in animal studies, but also in clinical trials. Medicinal products and dietary supplements containing 1,8-cineole are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 3","pages":"181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New edition of the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2023 and what preceded it.","authors":"Hana Bízková","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.007","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Czech Pharmacopoeia 2023, according to which it is mandatory to proceed from 1.12.2023, is prepared according to the new waiver concept.The change concerns only the Special Part of the European Part of the ČL, which is translated and published only selectively starting from the 2023 ČL.The selection of the articles was made by the Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health in cooperation with experts.The General Part of the European Part of the PRC and the National Part of the PRC are published in full.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 1","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhinitis and Allergic Rhinitis - self-medication options.","authors":"Žaneta Tomčalová","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.010","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhinitis and Allergic Rhinitis - self-medication options Rhinitis is one of the common diseases that the patient often does not consider necessary to consult a doctor and turns directly to the pharmacist in the pharmacy, who is usually much more accessible to him. It is definitely not appropriate to consider the rhinitis. The pharmacist's role in self-medication therefore consists in trying to determine from the patient's description of his troubles what type of rhinitis it may be, to assess the degree of severity and to decide on the necessity of intervention by a doctor, or the recommendation of a therapeutic procedure with over-the-counter medicinal products. In the case of self-medication, choose the most suitable product with maximum effect and minimum risk and explain the correct handling of it.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Travellers' diarrhoea - what to advise at a pharmacy currently?","authors":"Markéta Olšovská","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.016","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Travellers' diarrhoea - what to advise at a pharmacy currently? Traveling abroad carries the risk of traveler's diarrhea, which affects 20 to 50% of individuals. This article focuses on the definition, classification, epidemiology, etiology, prevention, and treatment management of traveler's diarrhea. It also describes recommendations for patients traveling to higher-risk areas, which can be used by pharmacists in counceling activities in the pharmacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 2","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute intoxications with medications in children and the role of pharmacist in the National toxicological information center.","authors":"Erik Puchoň, Blažena Cagáňová, Silvia Plačková","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.027","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute intoxications with medications in children and the role of pharmacist in the National toxicological information center National Toxicological Information Center (NTIC) provides 24 hours telephone consultation service in acute intoxications for physicians, health care providers and general public. More than half of all consulted intoxications provided by NTIC belong to the group of children younger than 18 years old.  Children 3 years old and younger were the main group of consulted intoxications in all children. Intoxications in children with the age up to 5 years old are often accidental intoxications without any or only mild symptoms. Older children and adolescents are more often consulted due to the suicidal attempt with moderate or severe symptoms. Chemicals, medications and plants were the most often consulted in children aged up to 18-years old during period 2018-2022. Pharmacist has complex knowledge of various scientific disciplines.  Pharmacist is valuable health care provider in NTIC as well as in various sectors of health care in society.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 3","pages":"176-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjunctive treatment of behavioral disorders in patients with cognitive deficit.","authors":"Ivana Tašková","doi":"10.36290/csf.2024.043","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2024.043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adjunctive treatment of behavioral disorders in patients with cognitive deficit The article provides an overview of the pharmacotherapy of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in the context of evidence-based medicine. Its goal is to provide readers with a practical and educational overview of managing these symptoms. Cognitive disorders, including dementia, result from the disruption of higher cortical functions of the brain. Dementia often manifests not only through cognitive dysfunction but also through BPSD, such as agitation, aggression, anxiety, psychosis, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms affect up to 97% of patients with dementia and significantly reduce the quality of life for both patients and caregivers. BPSD are often more stressful for patients and caregivers than the cognitive symptoms themselves. Behavioural symptoms include a wide range of manifestations from non-aggressive forms such as pacing and repetitive movements to aggressive and agitated behaviour (verbal and physical). Psychological symptoms can include depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms such as paranoia and delusions. The causes of BPSD can be varied, as well as their risk factors (including e.g. co-medication, comorbidities, the patient's personality traits, inappropriate communication by caregivers, and environmental influences). The pharmacotherapy of BPSD is complex and often involves the use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. Due to the diversity of manifestations and causes of BPSD, a unified pharmacotherapeutic approach cannot be applied. Non-pharmacological approaches should always be preferred, except in cases of severe depression, psychosis, or aggression that may endanger the patient or someone else. In practice, many medications indicated for BPSD therapy are used off-label. The pharmacotherapy of BPSD should only begin after ruling out other causes of BPSD. Furthermore, it should only be initiated after considering all risks and potential benefits, starting with low geriatric doses, monitoring side effects, regularly reassessing effectiveness, and administering medications for the shortest possible duration should be also applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"73 4","pages":"245-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}