Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie最新文献

Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 2-[(7-ethyl-3-methylxanthin-8-yl)sulfanyl]acetohydrazide derivatives. 2-[（7-乙基-3-甲基黄嘌呤-8-基）磺胺基]乙酰肼衍生物的合成及抗菌性能

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.011

Dmytro Ivanchenko, Mykola Romanenko, Olha Pakhomova, Oleksandra Cherchesova, Natalia Rudko, Natalia Voronova, Horban Valerii

{"title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 2-[(7-ethyl-3-methylxanthin-8-yl)sulfanyl]acetohydrazide derivatives.","authors":"Dmytro Ivanchenko, Mykola Romanenko, Olha Pakhomova, Oleksandra Cherchesova, Natalia Rudko, Natalia Voronova, Horban Valerii","doi":"10.36290/csf.2026.011","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2026.011","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major global health threat, driving the urgent search for new therapeutic agents. Hybrid molecules based on xanthine and 1,2,4-triazole scaffolds present a promising direction due to their potential multi-target antimicrobial activities. This study aimed at synthesizing new 2-[(7-ethyl-3-methylxanthin-8-yl)sulfanyl]acetohydrazide derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole moieties, characterizing their structures, and evaluating their antimicrobial and antifungal properties. A series of previously undescribed compounds was synthesized using N-substituted isothiocyanates and further S-alkylation/cyclization strategies. The structures were confirmed via 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis; mass spectrometry was additionally used for representative derivative 14. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans by broth dilution methods to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations. All synthesized derivatives were structurally characterized with high confidence. Most compounds exhibited weak to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. Notably, the amide and nitrile derivatives displayed moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC 25 μg/mL), comparable to that of ketoconazole (MIC 25 μg/mL). Structure-activity analysis indicated that S-substitution and side-chain modifications improve antimicrobial potency. New xanthine-triazole hybrid molecules were synthesized and characterized, showing that selected derivatives possess promising antimicrobial and antifungal properties. These findings support further optimization and biological exploration of such hybrids as candidates to combat antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"75 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ocular manifestations of allergies - options for self-treatment. 眼部过敏的表现-自我治疗的选择。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.009

Martina Čudová, Jana Melicharová, Tereza Kauerová

{"title":"Ocular manifestations of allergies - options for self-treatment.","authors":"Martina Čudová, Jana Melicharová, Tereza Kauerová","doi":"10.36290/csf.2026.009","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2026.009","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular allergies, the majority of which are seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, are one of the most common ocular conditions for which patients seek professional help. These allergies mainly affect the structures of the anterior segment of the eye, including the conjunctiva, cornea, eyelids, or lacrimal glands. Patients may experience a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and in some cases, chronic forms of the condition can lead to gradual vision impairment. Currently, several over-the-counter medications containing antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and decongestants are available for the treatment of ocular allergies, when used in combination with non-pharmacological and preventive measures. In terms of dosage form, topical preparations in the form of eye drops or systemic oral treatment can be chosen. Particularly, systemic oral treatment is usually preferred in chronic cases, with frequent exacerbations, or when the simultaneous occurrence of other allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, is present. To reduce the ocular manifestations of allergies, the use of selected medical devices is also recommended, for example, those containing ectoine and hyaluronate which form a protective layer on the surface of the eye, thereby reducing the risk of irritation.","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"75 1","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atrasentan: new molecule in the therapy of IgA nephropathy and other glomerulopathies. 阿特拉森：治疗IgA肾病和其他肾小球疾病的新分子。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.019

Silvie Rajnochová Bloudíčková

引用次数: 0

Haemophilus influenzae serotype a as a cause of purulent meningitis in a six-month-old infant. 流感嗜血杆菌血清型作为一个原因化脓性脑膜炎在六个月大的婴儿。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Vladimír Mihál, Marie Rohanová, Andrea Lysáková, Pavla Kučová

{"title":"Haemophilus influenzae serotype a as a cause of purulent meningitis in a six-month-old infant.","authors":"Vladimír Mihál, Marie Rohanová, Andrea Lysáková, Pavla Kučová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) has historically been the most significant pathogen causing invasive infections. In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of other Haemophilus influenzae serotypes has been observed, particularly serotypes e+ f, as well as, most notably, invasive infections caused by non-typeable strains. Invasive disease caused by Hia, similarly to Hib, affects primarily young children and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. To better understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Hia, epidemiological studies and active microbiological surveillance of invasive disease across all age groups worldwide are needed. We describe a six-month-old, previously healthy but incompletely vaccinated infant who was hospitalized with suspected sepsis and purulent meningitis following a four-day history of intermittent fever associated with chills, vomiting, drowsiness progressing to apathy, and gradual development of dehydration. Haemophilus influenzae was confirmed from both blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid, and capsular antigen identification at the National Reference Laboratory for Haemophilus infections determined serotype a (Hia). A two-week course of parenteral antibiotic therapy with cefotaxime led to recovery without significant neurological complications.","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"75 2","pages":"87-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Travel first aid kit 2026. 旅行急救箱2026。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.021

Lucie Šnajdrová

引用次数: 0

Seasonal allergic rhinitis: an overview of treatment. 季节性变应性鼻炎：治疗综述。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.015

Jitka Poláková

引用次数: 0

Neuropsychiatric symptoms of chronic stress and pharmacist counseling. 慢性应激的神经精神症状与药师咨询。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.017

Daniela Mináriková, Hana Kotolová, Milan Grofik, Jozef Dragašek, Ján Grossmann

引用次数: 0

Pharmaceutical care in self-medication: ABC/VED analysis of over-the-counter antiallergic medicines. 自我药疗中的药学服务：非处方抗过敏药物的ABC/VED分析。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.024

Viktoriia Oleksiivna Shapovalova, Oleksandr Ananiyovych Nevzhoda, Alina Olexandrivna Osyntseva, Valentyn Valeriiovych Shapovalov, Valerii Volodymyrovych Shapovalov

{"title":"Pharmaceutical care in self-medication: ABC/VED analysis of over-the-counter antiallergic medicines.","authors":"Viktoriia Oleksiivna Shapovalova, Oleksandr Ananiyovych Nevzhoda, Alina Olexandrivna Osyntseva, Valentyn Valeriiovych Shapovalov, Valerii Volodymyrovych Shapovalov","doi":"10.36290/csf.2026.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36290/csf.2026.024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The growing prevalence of allergic diseases and the widespread use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines necessitate rationalization of symptomatic treatment, balancing clinical relevance with limited healthcare resources.Aim: To evaluate OTC medicines used for symptomatic allergy treatment through ABC/VED analysis in order to identify priority medicines and support pharmaceutical and managerial decision-making.Materials and methods: The study included 25 OTC medicines registered in Ukraine for symptomatic allergy treatment during 2024-2025. Aggregate sales data from pharmacy networks and distributors were analysed. ABC analysis was used to assess expenditure distribution, while VED analysis classified medicines according to clinical importance based on pharmacist protocols, clinical guidelines, pharmacological role, safety profile, and suitability for self-medication. The integrated ABC/VED matrix was applied to determine priority medicines.Results: A limited number of medicines accounted for the majority of expenditures. Cetirizine, Loratadine, Desloratadine, Xylometazoline and Oxymetazoline formed the A/Vital category, representing the highest priority group combining economic weight with clinical relevance. The results demonstrate a strong concentration of financial resources in first-line antihistamines and essential topical agents used for rapid symptom relief in self-medication.Conclusion: The integrated ABC/VED approach is an effective tool for identifying priority OTC antiallergic medicines, supporting rational pharmacy assortment management, supporting evidence-based practice and pharmaceutical care in self-medication under limited healthcare resources.","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"75 2","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drug unavailability increases off-label prescribing in the pediatric population in Slovakia. 药物不可获得性增加了斯洛伐克儿科人群的标签外处方。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.010

Michala Hrončová, Simona Valášková, Andrea Gažová

{"title":"Drug unavailability increases off-label prescribing in the pediatric population in Slovakia.","authors":"Michala Hrončová, Simona Valášková, Andrea Gažová","doi":"10.36290/csf.2026.010","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2026.010","url":null,"abstract":"Drug shortages may lead to interruption of ongoing treatment, delays in therapy initiation, or the need to modify therapeutic regimens. This represents a current and persistent problem that requires systematic and long-term solutions, as it may be a significant contributing factor to off-label prescribing. Between 2018 and 2020, the occurrence of drug shortages increased up to twentyfold, accompanied by a growing demand for essential medicines. The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence of off-label prescribing in the paediatric population in a community pharmacy and to assess a possible association between the unavailability of a selected medicine and an increase in off-label use of a therapeutic alternative. A retrospective analysis was conducted using data obtained from pharmacy software and the national eHealth system for the period 2021-2024. A total of 6,366 paediatric patients were included in the analysis, with off-label prescribing identified in 705 cases (11.07%). Off-label use most frequently involved antibiotics for systemic use and ophthalmological medicines, with the highest proportion of off-label prescribing within an ATC group observed for ophthalmological drugs. In evaluating the relationship between the unavailability of Pamycon and increased off-label prescribing of Uniflox 0.3% eye drops, no statistically significant association was demonstrated (p > 0.05). Off-label prescribing is a common component of paediatric pharmacotherapy and is influenced by multiple factors beyond medicine availability alone. Pharmacists play an important role in ensuring safe treatment by identifying potential risks, educating parents or caregivers, and supporting the rational use of medicines. Strengthening collaboration among healthcare professionals and consistent pharmacovigilance are essential for improving the safety of off-label treatment in children.","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"75 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in pharmacy services - practical applications. 人工智能在药房服务中的实际应用。

Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.005

Milan Rydrych

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in pharmacy services - practical applications.","authors":"Milan Rydrych","doi":"10.36290/csf.2026.005","DOIUrl":"10.36290/csf.2026.005","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Paper presents the principles of modern artificial intelligence (AI), its current capabilities, limitations, and practical applications in pharmacy. The text outlines the development of AI, explains key terms, and introduces the most important models and their capabilities.Objective: The objective of the article is to show how AI can support pharmaceutical practice, where its limits lie, and what legislative and safety requirements must be respected when using it.Results: Modern AI models enable text generation, data processing, image analysis, and decision support. In pharmacy, they can speed up data analysis (e.g., LEK-13 reports), facilitate information retrieval, and support the supervision of IPLP preparation. Examples confirm the high efficiency of the models (e.g., GPT-5 in CSV processing), but also reveal the risk of errors and hallucinations. Model performance varies-rankings (e.g., Chatbot Arena) show specific differences between GPT, Gemini, Claude, and open models. Training a computer vision model for capsule counting is feasible on a standard PC and is capable of very high accuracy.Conclusion: AI is an important tool for pharmaceutical practice, but it does not replace the expertise of a pharmacist. It is necessary to understand its principles, limitations, ethical and legislative frameworks (AI Act, NIS2) and always check the outputs. When used correctly, it can significantly increase the efficiency, accuracy, and safety of pharmaceutical processes.","PeriodicalId":38771,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie","volume":"75 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0