R. Arayanarakool, L. Balasubramaniam, Samuel David Marshall, Wang Heng, Bing Li, P. Lee, Peter C. Y. Chen
{"title":"Investigation of mass transport in a spiral microfluidic network with an expansion chamber","authors":"R. Arayanarakool, L. Balasubramaniam, Samuel David Marshall, Wang Heng, Bing Li, P. Lee, Peter C. Y. Chen","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992458","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we proposed the new design of two spiral networks interconnected with an expansion chamber to create vortex and disruption of the laminar boundary of intermingled streams which can efficiently boost mass transport in the microchannel. Confocal microscope is used to observe the mixing and fluid motion in the microchannel. We observed the evolution of Dean vortices along the spiral inlet channel and the disruption of stream boundary at the expansion chamber which are further pulled along the outlet spiral channel resulting in higher mixing efficiency compared to that without chamber. Laminar flow of two fluids still maintained at the end of the normal spiral networks but the perfect mixing can be achieved at a given flow rates (Re of 15 to 45) from our design. Furthermore, uniform mixing can be obtained even at the spiral channel with shorter channel length. Unlike other complex designs, the design of the expansion chamber does not increase the pressure drop of the microchannel system and its dimension is larger than that of the main channel allowing to be fabricated by using conventional fabrication approach.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130509975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation and experimental analysis of data centers in academic campus","authors":"K. Choo, M. Ohadi, D. Cooper","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992589","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation and Experimental studies are performed to evaluate the energy efficiency performance, develop energy conservation measures (ECMs), and conduct overall energy analysis of data centers at the campus of the University of Maryland. Based on the analysis, the PUE (power usage effectiveness) of the data center was found to be 2.72, suggesting ample opportunity for energy saving measures. The IT, cooling, and electrical loads consume 38.5%, 43.3%, and 18.1% of the total data center energy consumption, respectively. Three ECMs are investigated to reduce energy consumption: 1) eliminate unnecessary CRAHs (computer room air conditioning units) in RDC (research data center); 2) eliminate unnecessary CRAHs in SDC (secondary data center); and 3) remove block back flow effect.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129520192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Boteler, M. Hinojosa, V. A. Niemann, S. Miner, David Gonzalez-Nino
{"title":"High voltage stacked diode package with integrated thermal management","authors":"L. Boteler, M. Hinojosa, V. A. Niemann, S. Miner, David Gonzalez-Nino","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992583","url":null,"abstract":"Recent fabrication of high voltage (15–30 kV) single-die silicon carbide (SiC) power devices have necessitated advanced packaging methods to realize their full potential. This work discusses the limits of current power electronics packaging and explores an option of stacking high voltage Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes with integrated cooling. The new package has been designed, fabricated, and tested showing it can handle continuous and pulsed loads up to 21 kV. Dielectric fluid tests and pulsed measurements were also performed. Co-design and co-engineering methodologies were implemented during the initial design process. A key component to the co-designed module is a multi-functional connector (MFC) which acts as a mechanical, thermal and electrical contact at the same time. Adding enhanced functionality to package parts can potentially allow significant improvement in size, weight, cost, reliability, and performance.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129748407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-core server processors thermal analysis","authors":"Guoping Xu","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992504","url":null,"abstract":"To improve computing performance for server systems, increase in the number of CPU cores is one of the primary design parameters, in addition to higher frequency and advanced process technology node adoption. CPU core count, size, physical distribution and power density on the processor die could have great impact on thermal and computing performance. A thermal analysis is performed to understand these effects with the modeling assumptions: 60 mm × 60 mm flip chip lidded package, single die at size of 25 mm × 25 mm and total power dissipation of 300W. The thermal model including package and heat sink is set up to analyze variables such as core count, distribution and power level/density. To keep the processor temperature from exceeding the junction limit, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is commonly used. A method to correlate thermal and computing performance based on DVFS, is also explored when junction temperature hits the limit. The impact of multi-core processor design on thermal performance is translated into the impact on computing performance under thermal constraints. Thermal guidance on multi-core processor die floor plan to optimize computing performance is provided.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126200763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of storage on high strain rate mechanical properties of SAC105 at operating temperature up to 200°C","authors":"P. Lall, Vikas Yadav, J. Suhling, David Locker","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992649","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic devices used in higher temperatures environments such as well logging in the oil and natural gas industries, under hood automotive applications, military applications may be exposed to very high temperatures around 200°C and high strain rates. Previously, lead based solder alloys have been used in such applications but due to health concern, use of lead-free solder alloys (SAC) has been increased. High temperature shock and vibration loads may be generally in the strain rate range of 1–100 per sec. Temperatures in drilling wells can exceed 200°C. Lead free solder material properties may keep evolving when they exposed to thermal aging or high temperatures. There are no published data for effect of aging of SAC105 leadfree solder alloy at high strain rate at very high operating temperature (150°C-200°C). For better design, reliability and process optimization, we need more reliable, consistent solder constitutive equations and material properties. Previously, Materials properties for SAC solder alloys at different strain rates and temperatures have been reported by many researchers. Mechanical properties for SAC solder alloys at operating temperatures up to 125°C and high strain rates (1075 per sec) have been reported by Lall for aged and unaged solder [1-9]. Many constitutive models have been used to represent the material behavior for SAC solder alloys. Anand constitutive model is widely used to describe the deformation behavior for SAC solder alloys as well as Sn-Pb based solder. Anand parameters have been computed for SAC105 and SAC305 for high strain rate and elevated temperature [4-9]. However, there is no prior reported measurement of anand parameters for SAC105 solders during operation at 200°C, at high strain rate. In this study, mechanical properties and constitutive behavior of lead free SAC105 has been measured for high strain rate (10–75 per sec) at elevated temperature (25°C–200°C) for thermal aged samples.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Cheaito, A. Sood, Luke Yates, Thomas L. Bougher, Zhe Cheng, M. Asheghi, S. Graham, K. Goodson
{"title":"Thermal conductivity measurements on suspended diamond membranes using picosecond and femtosecond time-domain thermoreflectance","authors":"R. Cheaito, A. Sood, Luke Yates, Thomas L. Bougher, Zhe Cheng, M. Asheghi, S. Graham, K. Goodson","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992555","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the room temperature in-plane thermal conductivity measurements on a 1-micrometer thick suspended diamond membrane grown by chemical vapor deposition using two different time domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) setups. The first setup is at Stanford University and the second is at Georgia Institute of Technology. Despite the differences between the two setups and the difficulty associated with diamond membranes thermal measurements, we demonstrate excellent repeatability from each setup and a very good agreement between the two setups. The paper outlines steps considered by both groups to minimize the measurement uncertainty and achieve such agreement. The measurement results show that the thermal conductivity displays a large variability across the membrane. The sensitivity and uncertainty analyses suggest that this variability could be a result of the nonuniformity in the diamond and aluminum coating thicknesses across the sample.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121422523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical and experimental thermal performance analysis of two different types of air cooled electronic chassis developed for military aviation platform","authors":"Murat Parlak, A. Akyol, Oguzhan Efe","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992544","url":null,"abstract":"Because of exposing challenging environmental conditions such as extreme ambient temperatures, high humidity, salt fog and dust, electronic units in military systems have substantially different design constraints than others. Hence it should be taken serious precautions to prevent electronics and mechanics from these environmental threats. This study is aimed to provide numerical approach to tackle the extreme environmental conditions and obtain high cooling performance for an electronical device. In accordance with the purpose, two different chassis design alternatives have been proposed. First, cold plate fin (heat sink) design is carried out with several fin type iterations considering the temperature and pressure drop values and it gives rise to a compact product with high cooling rate. Second, using the exactly the same fin configuration, the chassis is externally cooled where corrugated plain fin (air to air HX) is used to make the unit as bright as possible with easy production. In mechanical aspect, both designs are very different from each other but they serve the same purpose using the same electronic components, cold plates and cooling fan. All numerical analysis have been carried out by using ANSYS Fluent ® software and prototypes are tested in the laboratory by measuring the temperature at critical points. Besides, in terms of engineering point view, advantages and disadvantages of both designs are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122414077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel G. Bae, R. Mandel, S. Dessiatoun, S. Rajgopal, Samantha P. Roberts, M. Mehregany, M. Ohadi
{"title":"Embedded two-phase cooling of high heat flux electronics on silicon carbide (SiC) using thin-film evaporation and an enhanced delivery system (FEEDS) manifold-microchannel cooler","authors":"Daniel G. Bae, R. Mandel, S. Dessiatoun, S. Rajgopal, Samantha P. Roberts, M. Mehregany, M. Ohadi","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992511","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents experimental results of a two-phase, embedded cooling system for high heat flux electronics on silicon carbide (SiC) substrates. The system uses a thin-Film Evaporation and Enhanced fluid Delivery System (FEEDS) Manifold-Microchannel (MMC) cooler. SiC-based high power electronics are gaining momentum due to SiC's desirable electrical and thermal performance. For example, single-crystalline SiC shows thermal conductivities exceeding 350 W/m-K, which is several times higher than that of silicon. Accordingly, FEEDS MMC coolers were fabricated and embedded onto SiC substrates by etching deep-trench (with aspect ratios around 5) microchannels into the substrates. Previous studies on FEEDS MMC on silicon have reached high heat fluxes above 1 kW/cm2 at 45% vapor quality with R245fa at 30°C saturation temperature. In comparison, the SiC devices here show better thermal performance, exhibiting cooling of 1 kW/cm2 and up to ∼85% exit vapor quality. The system was also tested with single-phase mode to validate system performance via comparison to CFD simulations, before two-phase tests were performed. Microfabrication of the SiC channels are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122808144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance study of motorcycle driving-beam LED headlight with different heat sink models and LED pitch","authors":"R. Sundar, N. V. Sarma","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.7992566","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry is making a transition to LEDs as the primary lighting source for many applications. The adoption of LEDs for forward lighting is met with hurdles like proper heat dissipation and high initial cost. In this project the problem of heat dissipation has been addressed and its effect on the headlight performance was also studied. A simple 7” round driving beam headlight was modelled with a heat sink for this project. In order to dissipate the heat effectively two methods were adopted: 1. Insertion of a heat pipe in heatsink and 2. Modification of LED pitch. So a total of four models — 1)headlight without heat pipe, 2)headlight with heat pipe, 3)headlight with modified LED pitch and without heat pipe and 4)headlight with modified LED pitch and heat pipe; were thermally analysed in a CFD thermal simulation software tool-6SigmaET. The critical temperatures obtained from the thermal simulation were used to determine the luminous flux of each LED. Then using the luminous flux values of the LEDs the illuminance test, required for type approval of headlight as per AIS 010(Part 1), was simulated in TracePro software for the four headlight models. The variation in the illuminance value due to the different junction temperatures of the LED was studied using the above simulation. Finally, the reliability of each model of LED headlight was calculated using the Arrhenius equation and military handbook for electronic equipment-MIL HDBK-217F.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115452001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical and Thermal Characterization of CVD Diamond: A Bottoms-up Review","authors":"F. Faili, Nicola Palmer, Seajin Oh, D. Twitchen","doi":"10.1109/ITHERM.2017.8023958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2017.8023958","url":null,"abstract":"The control of diamond nucleation and the early stages of diamond growth are essential for control of the diamond properties that are sensitive to or directly depend on the film anisotropy, grain size, and microscopic voids in the film. This phenomenon particularly affects the thermal conductivity of thin diamond films. Measuring the thermal conductivity/thermal diffusivity of material like diamond is extremely challenging. In this study we relied of four techniques to evaluate and measure the thermal conductivity of diamond. These included, Laser-Flash Diffusivity, Heated Bar technique, FTIR and FDTR. In combining thermal conductivity measurement techniques with AFM, SEM and TEM review of the near interface, a better insight into the evolution of thermal conductivity from the nucleation surface to bulk has been developed and the results are presented.","PeriodicalId":387542,"journal":{"name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115819611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}