Polish Psychological Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Polish Validation of the Delaying Gratification Inventory","authors":"Aleksandra Dymek, Paweł Jurek","doi":"10.24425/119477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119477","url":null,"abstract":"Delaying of gratification is the ability to defer immediate reward for long-term goals (Mischel, Ebbesen, 1970). The inability to do so may lead to health problems connected with, for instance, stimulants, risky sexual behaviors or binge eating (Hoerger, Quirk, Weed, 2011). In Poland there is no inventory measuring the aforementioned phenomenon. That is the reason why Polish validation of the Delaying Gratification Inventory (DGI) is really desirable. The article presents collected results related to the factor structure and reliability of the Polish version of the DGI. Additionally, its outcomes were correlated with results of the Polish version of the Self-control Scale (Tangney, Baumeister, & Boone, 2004; Polish validation: Pilarska & Baumeister, 2018) and the Risky Behaviors Test (Studenski, 2004) to precise its validity. The whole questionnaire with the key for further use is enclosed.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43674896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Inhibitory Control and interference Control in Athletes and Non-athletes","authors":"Asieh Shabahang, R. Abedanzadeh, H. Ramezanzadeh","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2022.141866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2022.141866","url":null,"abstract":": According to the literature, the importance of executive functions in everyday life, in the acquisition of motor skills, and in distinguishing cognitive performance of athletes and non-athletes is indisputable. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on inhibitory and interference control in athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Athletes and non-athletes were conveniently selected (N=48, age range: 18-30 years). Then, each group (athletes/non-athletes) was randomly divided into two groups: real and Sham stimulation. Real stimulation group was involved in sessions of stimulation with an intensity of 2 mA electric current applied for 20 minutes in three sessions. But Sham group was received stimulation only at the first 30 second in each session. The inhibition score in “Go/No Go” task and average response time in the Stroop's task were evaluated before and after three sessions of stimulation for real and Sham groups. Results: The results on inhibitory control variable showed that the difference between the two groups (real and Sham groups) was significant in the post-test ( p ≤ .05). The results on interference control variable showed that real stimulation compared to other group had a better performance. Conclusion: The present findings showed that tDCS improves performance in inhibitory and interference control tasks in athletes compared with non-athletes.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48569586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between personality traits, general self-efficacy, self-esteem, subjective well-being, and entrepreneurial activity","authors":"M. Zięba, M. Surawska, A. Zalewska","doi":"10.24425/119480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119480","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focused on relationships between personality traits, self-efficacy, self-esteem and basic trust, and well-being in context of entrepreneurial activity. Participants were 301 unemployed people, 157 of whom had received a grant from an employment agency to start their own business. Participants completed measures of personality traits, self-efficacy, self-esteem, basic trust, satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect. To verify if beliefs about the self and about the world mediated relationships between personality traits and well-being we conducted a multiple-sample SEM. The study results confirm that the beliefs mediate relationships between personality traits and well-being. They also show that different types of beliefs serve a different function, depending on an individual’s circumstances. Among grant acceptors, self-efficacy did not impact well-being, while self-esteem and basic trust had similar functions in both groups.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48573340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping with power asymmetries: The dynamics of emotional reactions in (il)legitimate powerless groups","authors":"Marcin Bukowski, Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón, S. Lemus, G. Willis, Gloria Jiménez-Moya, R. Spears","doi":"10.24425/119467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119467","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies investigated the process of emotion regulation in powerless groups. We predicted that members of powerless groups would reduce negative emotions when they perceived status differences as illegitimate and ascribed stereotypes to the outgroup. In Study 1 the opportunity to attribute outgroup stereotypes after reading about an illegitimate power distribution reduced negative emotions. By contrast, in socially legitimized powerless conditions participants maintained negative emotions over time, and supported more negative action tendencies towards the outgroup after expressing outgroup stereotypes. In Study 2 we increased the threat imposed by a powerful outgroup and found fear reduction in the illegitimate and maintenance of fear in the legitimate conditions. Additionally, the effect of legitimacy on group efficacy was mediated by threat appraisals. The impact of perceived legitimacy of asymmetric power relations and the salience of outgroup stereotypes on emotional and behavioral reactions to powerlessness is discussed.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48889046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Role of Personality Traits, Organizational Factors, and Strategies for Coping with Stress in Job Satisfaction in Correctional Services","authors":"E. Sygit-Kowalkowska, R. Poklek, Beata Pastwa-Wojciechowska","doi":"10.24425/PPB.2019.130701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/PPB.2019.130701","url":null,"abstract":"Correctional staff is particularly exposed to occupational stress which in turn can have a negative impact on their job performance. This study attempted to analyse the role of personality, organizational factors, and stress coping strategies in shaping job satisfaction. 163 correctional staff members who were being trained at the Central Training Centre of Correctional Services in Kalisz, Poland, participated in the study. The following tools were used: The Bochum Inventory of Personal Work Features (BIP), the Multiphasic Inventory for Measuring Coping (COPE), and the Satisfaction with Job Scale (SSP). Staff working directly with inmates scored the lowest in terms of job satisfaction. Social sensibility is a predictor of job satisfaction among each study subgroup and each correctional department and correctional staff as a whole. Correlates of job satisfaction among correctional officers were: Active coping with stressful situations and Seeking social support for emotional and instrumental reasons.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68952555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast or Accurate? The Change of Goals Modulates the Efficiency of Executive Control","authors":"S. Castro, Marcin Bukowski, J. Lupiáñez, Z. Wodniecka","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2021.136816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2021.136816","url":null,"abstract":": In the present study, we analyse the influence of goal maintenance and goal change on the efficiency of executive control. Although there is empirical evidence on the impact of goal maintenance and task-switching on executive control, little is known about the consequences of changing between processing goals (e.g., speed or accuracy goals). We assessed the influence of changing between speed and accuracy goals while performing a task-switching procedure that requires social categorization. Experiment 1 included frequent goal changes, whereas Experiment 2 included one goal change across the experimental session. The results showed that both goals influence general performance and flexibility. A comparison between experiments suggested that frequent goal change (Experiment 1) resulted in worse performance and lower flexibility overall, compared to sequential goal change (Experiment 2). Frequent goal change was also associated with increased difficulties in pursuing the accuracy goal. The implications regarding the role of goal maintenance and goal change on executive control are discussed, as well as new research possibilities.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68952569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of psychosocial factors in the increase of health behaviors facing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","authors":"Jarosław Ocalewski, Karolina Juszczyk, Patrycja Michalska, M. Michalak, P. Izdebski, M. Jankowski, K. Buczkowski","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2022.141861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2022.141861","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a major health crisis modern world has to counter. Due to the highly contagious nature of this virus and the rapid growth of infections in many countries specific medical recommendations have been formed to reduce spread of the virus. Aim of the study is determine the psychosocial factors related to obeying medical recommendations against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic during the stage of increasing government’s restrictions and limitations. Method – The study included 319 participants (261 women and 58 men) aged 18-66 yrs (M=25). The study was carried out via the Internet from 21st March, 2020 to 27th March, 2020. The sample group included participants chosen using “snowball” effect. Results - It has been shown that the higher anxiety of falling ill, the higher tendency to obey health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 (r = .13, p < .001). In order to explain what factors undertaking health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 depends on, structural equation modeling was applied including HMB model variables. It has been shown that the benefits and barriers have a significant impact on compliance with health behavior towards SARS-CoV-2 (ß = 0.45, p <0.001). Conclusions – At the beginning of a pandemic, while increasing restrictions perceived barriers and perceived benefits of obeying health recommendations are significant for explaining health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Perceived risk is less important. Higher intensity of health anxiety, understood as a fear of infection (likelihood of illness) is related to obeying the health behaviors towards SARS-Cov-2.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metacognition and the accuracy of retrieval: Integration of new ideas","authors":"Ewa Skopicz-Radkiewicz, A. Niedźwieńska","doi":"10.24425/PPB.2019.129452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/PPB.2019.129452","url":null,"abstract":"There is a general agreement that remembering depends not only on the memory processes as such but rather that encoding, storage and retrieval are under the constant influence of the overarching, metacognitive processes. Moreover, many interventions designed to improve memory refer in fact to metacognition. Most attempts to integrate the very different theoretical and experimental approaches in this domain focus on encoding, whereas there is relatively little integration of approaches that focus on retrieval. Therefore, we reviewed the studies that used new ideas to improve memory retrieval due to a “metacognitive intervention”. We concluded that whereas single experimental manipulations were not likely to increase metacognitive ability, more extensive interventions were. We proposed possible theoretical perspectives, namely the Source Monitoring Framework, as a means to integrate the two, so far separate, ways of thinking about the role of metacognition in retrieval: the model of strategic regulation of memory, and the research on appraisals in autobiographical memory. We identified venues for future research which could address, among other issues, integration of these perspectives.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity statuses across various life domains and well-being in emerging adults","authors":"D. Karaś, Jan Cieciuch","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2019.130694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2019.130694","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to examine identity statuses in various life domains and the relationship between \u0000identity and well-being. We adopted the three-dimensional model of identity (Crocetti et al., 2008), including: in-depth \u0000exploration, commitment, and reconsideration of commitment. Moreover, in accordance with domain-specific approach \u0000(Goossens, 2001), we sought to empirically derive identity statuses in various life domains. \u0000The participants included 835 emerging adults (Mage = 21.81, SD = 2.33). We examined eight domains previously \u0000identified in qualitative research: personality characteristics, past experiences, family, friends and acquaintances, \u0000worldview, hobbies and interests, aims and plans for the future, and occupation. To measure three identity processes, we used a modified version of the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (Crocetti et al., 2008) and to measure well-being we used the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (Keyes, 2013). \u0000Results indicate that, although the statuses identified in previous research were, to a large extent, replicated (except \u0000moratorium), people were classified in different statuses in different domains; thus, we conclude that talking about statuses should be limited to a given domain. Well-being was the highest in achievement statuses and the lowest in diffusion, but only in two examined domains: personality characteristics and past experience.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42260085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Approach to Personality and Well-being","authors":"A. Zalewska, J. Nezlek, M. Zięba","doi":"10.24425/119479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119479","url":null,"abstract":"The research described in this issue were supported by the Polish National Science Centre Grant NSC 2013/11/B/HS6/01135. This special issue of the Polish Psychological Bulletin is devoted to well-being (WB) considered within the context of an integrated approach to personality. We believe the articles in this special issue increase our understanding of well-being in two ways. First, they provide new knowledge about the functions of eudaimonic well-being and subjective well-being and about the relationships between them. Second, they extend our understanding of individual differences in well-being by examining relationships between subjective well-being (SWB) and personality in a broader meaning, an integrated approach to personality. The research described in the papers of this special issue examined if characteristic adaptations (socio-cognitive personality constructs) mediate relationships between basic, biologically determined traits, and SWB. This possibility was suggested by McCrae (1996; McCrae & Costa, 1999; McCrae & Suttin, 2018) in the Five Factor Theory of Personality (FFT) and by McAdams and Pals (2006) in the New Big Five Theory of Personality. Both of these theories include two components of personality: traits and socio-cognitive constructs. In these models, traits are defined as they have been traditionally, as predispositions in thinking, feeling, and behavior that are relatively constant across time. Socio-cognitive constructs (e.g., values, attitudes, skills, beliefs about self, other people and world) concern individual differences that develop in the course of the lifespan as a result of experience, and such constructs are called “characteristic adaptations” in both models (McAdams & Pals, 2006; McCrae & Costa, 1999; McCrae & Suttin, 2018). Additionally, McAdams and Pals (2006) suggest that relationships between well-being and both traits and characteristic adaptations may vary as a function of various components included in their model (such as traits, characteristic adaptations or environmental factors). Despite the advantages these two theories provide over previous trait-only theories, they do not integrate concepts or constructs of personality that have been developed in various domains. Nowadays, a strong need for developing a consensual and integrative paradigm in personality psychology has been recognized (e.g., Back, 2017). A call for more dynamic models of personality (including emotion-regulation and self-regulation processes as constructs of personality) was also called for during the last conference of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences (ISSID 2017). The present papers focus on well-being. Interest in and research on WB has increased meaningfully over the past two decades in part because well-being is a universal goal (e.g., Diener & Diener, 1996). Contemporary research focuses on two types of well-being, subjective well-being, a construct that was introduced by Diener (1984), and eu","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46088667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}