Documenta Praehistorica最新文献

{"title":"From a Concentration of Finds to Stone Age Architecture","authors":"I. Khrustaleva, A. Kriiska","doi":"10.4312/dp.48.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.48.17","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality documentation that was made during fieldwork at archaeological sites can provide new information for old excavations, even decades later. The revision of the archival data of the Stone Age settlement site Lommi III, located in the border zone of Russia and Estonia and excavated by Richard Indreko in 1940, allowed us to identify the remains of a Comb Ware culture (4th millennium cal BC) pit-house based on the concentration of artefacts marked in the field drawings. The rectangular shape and size of the concentration (c. 7.1x4.4m, depth 0.7–0.75m) corresponds to the architectural form common in the European forest zone and has numerous analogies at the settlement sites of that time in Finland, Karelia (Russia) and Estonia. The composition and diversity of the finds and their distribution indicate the (semi-)sedentary way of life of inhabitants of the pit-house. The radiocarbon age obtained from the organic crust on pottery fragments collected in the pit-house corresponds to the first half of 4th millennium cal BC.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47029621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Počátky univerzitní výuky neklasické archeologie v programových proslovech Jana Kollára a Jana Erazima Vocela (1849–1851)","authors":"Karel Sklenář","doi":"10.14712/25707213.2021.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/25707213.2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"The first Central European university departments focused specifically on non-classical archaeology were established 170 years ago: Jan Kollár became a professor in Vienna in 1849, Jan Erazim Vocel in Prague in 1850. The content and focus of their teaching in this period is best evidenced by introductory and concluding speeches, preserved in manuscript and printed form; above all, they clearly demonstrate the difference between Kollár’s Romantic approach, which for the most part uncritically sought traces of the supposed original Slavic settlement in Europe (mainly in Italy), and Vocel’s, which already distinguished between “pagan” and “Christian” (prehistoric and medieval) archaeology and with his concept of the field was already heading for Positivism. The article includes the texts of these speeches.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79947021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transept zachodni w romańskiej katedrze św. św. Wita, Wacława i Wojciecha na Praskim Grodzie","authors":"Kamila Oles","doi":"10.14712/25707213.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/25707213.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Romanesque Cathedral of Saints Vitus, Wenceslaus and Adalbert in Prague was erected as a double-chancel basilica with western transept. Occidental transverse nave and two choirs is intrinsic and distinctive feature of this basilica that indicates architectural ideas from which the Cathedral had originated. Alas, the basilica has, hitherto, been rather interpreted in isolation and without considering the broader European architecture context and by detaching the western transept from its topographic context. This has discouraged scholars from rigorous analysis of the origins of the form, which resulted in the creation of arbitrary and stereotypical narrative instead. This paper presents new interpretation of the Cathedral which tracks the links between the basilica and double-choir churches with western transept in Central Europe. In addition, this research builds on spatial analysis which identifies the relationships between the Cathedral and the landform of Prague Castle.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82925709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artefakty interpretované jako „lékařské nástroje“ z doby železné nebo římské na území dnešní ČR, SR a naddunajské části Dolního Rakouska","authors":"Lucie Burešová","doi":"10.14712/25707213.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/25707213.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a catalogue of artefacts identified as “medical instruments” of the Iron Age, or the Roman Age, from what is known today as the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Lower Austria – North of the Danube. A brief overview of the types and the variety of shapes of the artefacts, interpreted as “medical instruments” in the European environment, was presented and a catalogue of artefacts of the Iron Age or the Roman Age, from the territory under examination was compiled. The individual artefacts were critically reviewed, and it was decided whether they could have been used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90195956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Including Explicit Priors on Phase Duration in Bayesian 14C Dating","authors":"I. Yanovich","doi":"10.4312/DP.48.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/DP.48.3","url":null,"abstract":"Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates directly integrates information obtained through archaeological analysis. Here, I explain how to add known information/reasonable assumptions about the length of a deposition phase, using the example of date sequences from two Early Neolithic communities in the Aegean whose dating has been hotly debated, i.e. basal Knossos (Crete) and Nea Nikomedeia (Northern Greece). The consequences of the re-evaluation of their dates are discussed for the broader picture of the Neolithisation in the Aegean and for the chronology of the regional use of stamps. IZVLE∞EK – Bayesovo modeliranje radiokarbonskih datumov neposredno vklju≠uje podatke, ki jih pridobimo z arheolo∏ko analizo. V ≠lanku pojasnjujem, kako dodati znane podatke / utemeljene predpostavke o dol∫ini faze odlaganja na primeru ≠asovnih zaporedij dveh zgodnjeneolitskih najdi∏≠ v Egejskem morju, o katerih se je ∫e intenzivno razpravljalo, in sicer o temeljih v Knossosu (Kreta) in Nei Nikomedeiji (Severna Gr≠ija). Razpravljam tudi o posledicah ponovne ocene teh datumov za ∏ir∏o sliko neolitizacije v Egejskem morju in za kronologijo regionalne uporabe pe≠atnikov.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"48 1","pages":"2-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47035477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Neolithic Ritual Funerary Behaviours in the Westernmost Regions of the Mediterranean","authors":"D. Rivero, Ruth Taylor, C. Umbelino, M. Cubas, M. B. Cruz, M. Rodríguez","doi":"10.4312/DP.48.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/DP.48.8","url":null,"abstract":"An intact archaeological context named Locus 1 has recently been discovered at Dehesilla Cave (southern Spain). The ritual funerary deposition consists of a complete pottery jar with part of a human calvarium over the mouth, and was occulted by large stone blocks. This paper offers a presentation of the new data provided mainly by the stratigraphic, osteological, pottery, lithic and radiocarbon analyses. A systematic review of the relevant evidence in the Iberian Peninsula during the Early Neolithic (c. 5600–4800 cal BC) provides a context for this finding and supports its interpretation with reference to several possible anthropological scenarios.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42378418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Iron Gates Mesolithic in a Regional Context","authors":"D. Mihailović","doi":"10.4312/DP.48.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/DP.48.2","url":null,"abstract":"The specific character of the Iron Gates Mesolithic material culture derives from the geomorphological and ecological features of the Iron Gates gorge in the Early Holocene. However, the Mesolithic of this geographic area can be entirely linked to the general flows of Mesolithic development in Europe as well as to the phenomena observed in the Adriatic-Ionian and Aegean zones. This demonstrates that the cultural, technological and economic changes which occurred during the Early Holocene were influenced by the same or similar factors as the entire area of the Balkan Peninsula. The absence of Mesolithic settlements outside the Iron Gates raises the question of whether the interior parts of the Central Balkans were inhabited during the Early Holocene. As hinted by the research in the Iron Gates and the Adriatic hinterland, Mesolithic settlements were probably located outside the denser forested areas (in the littoral and high-altitude zones) but this remains to be confirmed. Based on the assessment of the demographic potential of Mesolithic and Neolithic communities, four scenarios of Neolithisation of different parts of the Balkan Peninsula have been proposed. IZVLE∞EK – Posebnost mezolitske materialne kulture na obmo≠ju Ωeleznih vrat izhaja iz geomorfolo∏kih in ekolo∏kih zna≠ilnosti te soteske v zgodnjem holocenu. Lahko pa mezolitik na tem geografskem obmo≠ju v celoti povezujemo s splo∏nimi tokovi mezolitskega razvoja v Evropi, kakor tudi s pojavi na obmo≠ju Jadranskega in Jonskega ter Egejskega morja. To dokazuje, da so na kulturne, tehnolo∏ke in gospodarske spremembe v zgodnjem holocenu vplivali enaki ali podobni dejavniki na celotnem obmo≠ju Balkanskega polotoka. Zaradi odsotnosti mezolitskih naselij izven obmo≠ja Ωeleznih vrat ostaja vpra∏anje, ali so bila obmo≠ja v notranjosti osrednjega Balkana v zgodnjem holocenu sploh poseljena. Raziskave na obmo≠ju Ωeleznih vrat in v zaledju Jadranskega morja ka∫ejo na to, da so bila mezolitska naselja verjetno izven gostej∏ih gozdnih obmo≠ij (v primorskem in visokogorskem pasu), kar pa bi bilo potrebno ∏e dokon≠no potrditi. Na podlagi ocene demografskega potenciala mezolitskih in neolitskih skupnosti predlagamo ∏tiri mo∫ne scenarije neolitizacije razli≠nih delov Balkanskega polotoka.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"48 1","pages":"2-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47523586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Tools at the Late Pre-Hispanic Site Boyo Paso 2 (Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina)","authors":"Matías E. Medina, S. Pastor","doi":"10.4312/DP.48.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/DP.48.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to assess the role played by bone tools at Boyo Paso 2 (Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina), an open-air site interpreted as a basecamp seasonally occupied by mobile mixed foraging and farming people c. 900–700 years BP. The results suggest that diverse activities were carried out on-site, including hunting or warfare, tool production, food processing and rituals. Bone tool analysis may enable reconstruction of the technological level, social organization, and cultural attitude towards the environment among people neither wholly foragers nor wholly farmers, a category for which archaeology currently lacks sufficient archaeological understanding and that merits further research. IZVLE∞EK – V ≠lanku ocenjujemo vlogo ko∏≠enih orodij na najdi∏≠u Boyo Paso 2 (gorovje Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina), tj. najdi∏≠u na prostem, ki ga razlagajo kot bazni kamp, ki so ga v ≠asu ok. 900–700 pr. sed. sezonsko obiskovale me∏ane skupine nabiralcev in poljedelcev. Rezultati ka∫ejo, da so se na tem najdi∏≠u odvijale razli≠ne aktivnosti, vklju≠no z lovom ali bojevanjem, izdelava orodij, predelava hrane in rituali. S pomo≠jo analize ko∏≠enih orodij lahko rekonstruiramo tehnolo∏ko raven, dru∫beno organizacijo in odnos do okolja te skupine ljudi, ki niso ne povsem nabiralci, ne povsem kmetje, kar pa je kategorija, za katero arheologija trenutno ∏e nima zadostnega arheolo∏kega razumevanja in si zaslu∫i nadaljnje raziskave.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"48 1","pages":"2-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enclosures of Death in the Early Iron Age","authors":"Linda Melo, A. Silva","doi":"10.4312/DP.48.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/DP.48.10","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the study of the Early Iron Age necropolis of Esfola, taking into account the burial rituals of the site (the architecture, the funerary objects and the human skeletal analyses are dealt with in the context of ‘burial ritual’ studies). This research will contribute to the body of knowledge on Early Iron Age necropolises with enclosures, typical of the Beja and Ourique regions in southern Portugal, i.e. Vinha das Caliças 4, Monte do Bolor 1–2, Cinco Réis 8, Carlota and Palhais. All these sites identified in the southern Iberian Peninsula allow us to characterize the funerary rituals practised in this region during the Early Iron Age. IZVLE∞EK – V ≠lanku se osredoto≠amo na ∏tudijo nekropole Esfola iz ≠asa starej∏e ∫elezne dobe, pri tem razpravljamo o pogrebnih obredih na najdi∏≠u (kot so arhitektura, grobni pridatki in analize ≠love∏kih kosti, ki so obravnavani v kontekstu ∏tudij ‘pogrebnih obredov’). Raziskava bo prispevala k poznavanju starej∏ih ∫eleznodobnih nekropol z ogradami, ki so zna≠ilne za regiji Beja in Ourique na jugu Portugalske, kot so Vinha das Caliças 4, Monte do Bolor 1–2, Cinco Réis 8, Carlota in Palhais. Vsa omenjena najdi∏≠a iz obmo≠ja ju∫nega Iberskega polotoka nam omogo≠ajo prepoznati pogrebne obrede, ki so se izvajali v tej regiji v ≠asu starej∏e ∫elezne dobe.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"48 1","pages":"2-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43137113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronological Modelling of the Chalcolithic Settlement Layers at Tell Yunatsite, Southern Bulgaria","authors":"Y. Boyadzhiev, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Lennart Brandtstätter, Raiko Krauss","doi":"10.4312/DP.48.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/DP.48.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article publishes a new series of radiocarbon dates from Tell Yunatsite, Southern Bulgaria. Context-based excavations undertaken over a large surface area, as well as a small test trench, provided a long stratigraphic sequence (11 ‘building levels’) covering a large part of the Chalcolithic period in Thrace (5th millennium BCE). Bayesian statistics and Gaussian Monte Carlo Wiggle Matching were employed to achieve a fine chronology for the multilayered tell. Implications and problems on the application of the calibration curve for the Late and Final Chalcolithic in Bulgaria are also discussed. IZVLE∞EK – V ≠lanku predstavljamo novo serijo radiokarbonskih datumov s tela Yunatsite v ju∫ni Bolgariji.S pomo≠jo v kontekste usmerjenih velikih izkopnih povr∏in in manj∏ih testnih sond smo prepoznali dolgo startigrafsko sekvenco (11 ‘gradbenih nivojev’), ki pokriva velik del halkolitskega obdobja v Trakiji (peto tiso≠letje pred na∏im ∏tetjem). Za natan≠no kronologijo ve≠slojnega tela sta bili uporabljeni Bayesova statistika in Gaussovo Monte Carlo usklajevanje krivulje. Poleg tega smo analizirali tudi posledice in probleme uporabe kalibracijske krivulje pri datiranju poznega in kon≠nega halkolitika v Bolgariji.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":" ","pages":"2-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48501099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}