The Iron Gates Mesolithic in a Regional Context

The specific character of the Iron Gates Mesolithic material culture derives from the geomorphological and ecological features of the Iron Gates gorge in the Early Holocene. However, the Mesolithic of this geographic area can be entirely linked to the general flows of Mesolithic development in Europe as well as to the phenomena observed in the Adriatic-Ionian and Aegean zones. This demonstrates that the cultural, technological and economic changes which occurred during the Early Holocene were influenced by the same or similar factors as the entire area of the Balkan Peninsula. The absence of Mesolithic settlements outside the Iron Gates raises the question of whether the interior parts of the Central Balkans were inhabited during the Early Holocene. As hinted by the research in the Iron Gates and the Adriatic hinterland, Mesolithic settlements were probably located outside the denser forested areas (in the littoral and high-altitude zones) but this remains to be confirmed. Based on the assessment of the demographic potential of Mesolithic and Neolithic communities, four scenarios of Neolithisation of different parts of the Balkan Peninsula have been proposed. IZVLE∞EK – Posebnost mezolitske materialne kulture na obmo≠ju Ωeleznih vrat izhaja iz geomorfolo∏kih in ekolo∏kih zna≠ilnosti te soteske v zgodnjem holocenu. Lahko pa mezolitik na tem geografskem obmo≠ju v celoti povezujemo s splo∏nimi tokovi mezolitskega razvoja v Evropi, kakor tudi s pojavi na obmo≠ju Jadranskega in Jonskega ter Egejskega morja. To dokazuje, da so na kulturne, tehnolo∏ke in gospodarske spremembe v zgodnjem holocenu vplivali enaki ali podobni dejavniki na celotnem obmo≠ju Balkanskega polotoka. Zaradi odsotnosti mezolitskih naselij izven obmo≠ja Ωeleznih vrat ostaja vpra∏anje, ali so bila obmo≠ja v notranjosti osrednjega Balkana v zgodnjem holocenu sploh poseljena. Raziskave na obmo≠ju Ωeleznih vrat in v zaledju Jadranskega morja ka∫ejo na to, da so bila mezolitska naselja verjetno izven gostej∏ih gozdnih obmo≠ij (v primorskem in visokogorskem pasu), kar pa bi bilo potrebno ∏e dokon≠no potrditi. Na podlagi ocene demografskega potenciala mezolitskih in neolitskih skupnosti predlagamo ∏tiri mo∫ne scenarije neolitizacije razli≠nih delov Balkanskega polotoka.