Documenta Praehistorica最新文献

{"title":"Late Holocene Climatic Events, the Main Factor of the Cultural Decline in North Central Iran During the Bronze Age","authors":"Babak Shaikh Baikloo Islam, A. C. Amirkhiz, K. Niknami","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.25","url":null,"abstract":"During the Bronze Age, the cultural region of North Central Iran (NCI) suffered a longterm cultural decline, probably due to severe droughts. According to paleoclimate research, during the overall period c. 5.4–3.5 ka BP, four widely observable climatic events occurred at c. 5.3–5.0, 4.9– 4.7, 4.2–3.9, and 3.8–3.5 ka BP, and these appear to have caused widespread environmental damage in the Near East. Archaeological evidence of the NCI-region reveals political events that can be associated with the observed climatic variability. Paleoclimate research and archaeological studies can attribute, in combination, the cultural decline of NCI during the Bronze Age to the Late Holocene climate change. IZVLE∞EK – V ≠asu bronaste dobe je pri∏lo na obmo≠ju severnega dela centralnega Irana do dolgoro≠nega kulturnega zatona, ki so ga verjetno povzro≠ila obdobja hude su∏e. Glede na paleoklimatske raziskave lahko prepoznamo ∏tiri zelo izrazite podnebne dogodke v obdobju med ok. 5,4 in 3,5 tiso≠ let pred sedanjostjo (le-ti so: 5,3–5,0 tiso≠ let, 4,9–4,7 tiso≠ let, 4,2–3,9 tiso≠ let ter 3,8–3,5 tiso≠ let pred sedanjostjo), ki so povzro≠ili raz∏irjeno okoljsko ∏kodo na Bli∫njem Vzhodu. Arheolo∏ki zapisi v tej regiji ka∫ejo na politi≠ne dogodke, ki jih lahko pove∫emo s podnebno spremenljivostjo. S pomo≠jo paleoklimatskih in arheolo∏kih raziskav lahko bronastodobni kulturni zaton na obmo≠ju severnega centralnega Irana ve∫emo na pozno holocenske podnebne spremembe.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"446-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43467971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bell Beaker Cultural Package in the East European Periphery of the Phenomenon","authors":"Dariusz Manasterski, Katarzyna Januszek, Adam Wawrusiewicz, Aleksandra Klecha","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.20","url":null,"abstract":"The Bell Beaker (BB) cultural package is one of the concepts explaining the extensive diffusion of this phenomenon in Europe. Artefacts associated with the package, discovered mainly in the graves of men, form groups defining the status of the deceased. The BB package is a dynamic turn of events, changing depending on the region, but preserving certain characteristic traits. The complete set of its initial ingredients was not copied in any location, and new local elements were added in various areas of its diffusion. The ritual features unearthed in north-eastern Poland, which contained elements of the BB package, are the assemblages located the furthest in the East European periphery of the phenomenon. The ecoand artefacts from these assemblages are difficult to interpret conclusively within the framework of the classic BB package, as well as in terms of its changes associated with its diffusion. This is connected with the fact that they include elements unknown among the local cultural entities, which reflect the broad circle of contacts their owners maintained. IZVLE∞EK – Kulturni paket zvon≠astih ≠a∏ je eden od konceptov, s katerim razlagamo obse∫no ∏irjenje tega pojava v Evropi. Najdbe, ki jih povezujemo s tem paketom, so bile odkriti predvsem v mo∏kih grobovih, pri ≠emer oblikovane skupine dolo≠ajo status pokojnika. Ta kulturni paket predstavlja dinami≠en razvoj dogodkov, ki se spreminja glede na regijo, pri ≠emer pa ohranja dolo≠ene zna≠ilne lastnosti. Celoten nabor za≠etnih sestavin tega paketa ni bil kopiran na nobenem mestu, so pa bili dodani novi lokalni elementi na razli≠nih obmo≠jih njegove difuzije. Ritualne zna≠ilnosti, ki so jih izkopali na severovzhodu Poljske, vsebujejo elemente kulturnega paketa zvon≠astih ≠a∏ in so hkrati primer najbolj oddaljenega obrobja tega pojava v vzhodni Evropi. Ekofakte in najdbe teh zbirov je te∫ko dokon≠no interpretirati tako v okviru klasi≠nega paketa kulture zvon≠astih ≠a∏ kot v smislu sprememb, ki so povezane z difuzijo tega paketa. To je povezano z dejstvom, da paket vklju≠uje neznane elemente med lokalnimi kulturnimi entitetami, ki odsevajo ∏ir∏i krog povezav, ki so jih vzdr∫evali njihovi nosilci.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"374-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46294510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sarmatian ‘Horseback-riding’ Burial Tradition","authors":"M. Gursoy, S. Akylbek, Kopjasar Jetibaev","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.23","url":null,"abstract":"The West Kazakhstan region, with its strategic location linking Asia to Europe, has many pasture areas and rivers. These natural factors provided an appropriate environment for human life and contributed to the development of animal husbandry. Throughout history, a great number of horse-mounted nomadic tribes lived in this region. One of these tribes, the Sarmatians, lived in the Iron Age. The Sarmatians were nomadic horsemen and like other steppe tribes were a part of the Kurgan culture. Kurgans have an important place with regard to demonstrating the burial traditions of the Sarmatians. In Kurgan excavations in west Kazakhstan a large number of horseback-riding burials – in which the deceased is positioned as if riding a horse –were found and these are the main subject of our study. Although archaeologists have attributed horseback-riding burials to the Sarmatians, they have not yet made a comment on the meaning of these burials in their belief system. In this study the meaning of these burials will be discussed and related to the belief system by comparing the horseback-riding burials in west Kazakhstan to burials which actually include horses in the Altai region.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"412-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48788834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Argaric Pottery from Burial at Peñalosa (Jaén, Spain)","authors":"Laura Vico Triguero, Jesús Gámiz Caro, F. M. Martín Peinado, Alejandra García García, Eva Alarcón García, Francisco Contreras Cortés, María Auxiliadora Moreno Onorato","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.18","url":null,"abstract":"The interpretation of the manufacture and function of Argaric burial potteries has not been subject to a global and systematic study. As such, this paper has reconstructed the sequence of ceramic production of burial potteries of Peñalosa using analytical techniques (stereomicroscopy, Xray diffraction and optical petrography). Ceramic ware technological features, as well as other indicators of use and repair, indicate that the pottery was used prior to the burial either in domestic contexts or during funerary rituals. This finding contrasts with data obtained at other Argaric sites, where technological and formal features point to pottery production specifically intended for burials. IZVLE∞EK – Razlaga izdelave in namembnosti lon≠enine v argarskih pokopih ∏e ni bila predmet celovite in sistemati≠ne ∏tudije. V ≠lanku predstavljamo rekonstrukcijo sekvence kerami≠ne proizvodnje lon≠enine iz grobov na najdi∏≠u Peñalosa, in sicer z razli≠nimi analitskimi tehnikami (stereomikroskopija, rentgenska difrakcija in opti≠na petrografija). Tehnolo∏ke zna≠ilnosti kerami≠nih posod, pa tudi drugi kazalniki njene uporabe in popravil, ka∫ejo, da je bila lon≠enina pred pokopom uporabljena bodisi v gospodinjskih kontekstih bodisi med pogrebnimi rituali. Ti rezultati so v nasprotju s podatki, ki so znani na drugih argarskih najdi∏≠ih, kjer tehnologija in oblika posod ka∫ejo na lon≠arsko proizvodnjo, posebej namenjeno pokopom.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"330-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42983669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Keep the Old Dead Around?","authors":"A. Ion","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.19","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to focus on the ways in which communities imagined their relationship with the dead throughout the Balkan area during the Neolithic and Eneolithic (6200–3800 cal BC). My claim is that we should go beyond seeing the human remains discovered in settlements as unusual/atypical/non-funerary discoveries. Instead, they can be read as traces of complex funerary practices, which contributed to the creation and manipulation of collective identities. The dead became part of a place-making strategy, they fixed time and become central to certain kinds of assemblages, which in turn were meant to create more powerful ancestors who could intervene in the present.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"348-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43364233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Megalithic Builders","authors":"A. Silva","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.21","url":null,"abstract":"Between the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, António dos Santos Rocha excavated several prehistoric megalithic monuments in the region of Figueira da Foz (Portugal). Some of them revealed human bones, albeit very disturbed and fragmented, which ended up forgotten in the Municipal Museum of Santos Rocha (Figueira da Foz), as did the individuals to which they belonged. Here, I revisit the human bone collection preserved from Megalitho do Facho to access demographic and morphological data; physiological stress indicators; pathologies and injuries that these individuals suffered, thus revealing insights on the lives of those who were deposited in this dolmen. The majority of this collection is composed of unburned bones and a small subsample of burned ones. Both were radiocarbon dated to the Chalcolithic period (first half of the 3rd millennium BC). The analysis confirmed that non-adult and adult individuals of both sexes were deposited in this dolmen. These individuals were affected by biomechanical stress since early in life and display mild signs of physiological stress associated with remodelled lesions, suggestive of a relatively good health status. These data are discussed in the context of other coeval sites.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"390-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48484155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do we avoid imposing the present on the past when modelling spatial interactions?","authors":"R. Rivers, T. Evans","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.26","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical archaeological modelling for describing spatial interactions often adopts contemporary socioeconomic ideas whose 20th-century language gets translated into historical behaviour with the simplest of lexicons. This can lead to the impression that the past is like the present. Our intention in this paper is that, when this happens, we strip out as much of the contemporary context as we can, to bring modelling back to basic epistemic propositions. We suggest that although the underlying ontology may be specific to contemporary society the epistemology has much greater generality, leading to essentially the same conclusions without the carapace of intricate economics. IZVLE∞EK – Teoreti≠no arheolo∏ko modeliranje za opis prostorskih interakcij pogosto sprejema sodobne dru∫benoekonomske ideje, ki jih iz njihovega jezika 20. stoletja prevajajo v zgodovinska vedenja le z najpreprostej∏im besedi∏≠em. To daje vtis, da je preteklost podobna sedanjosti. Na∏ namen v tem prispevku je zaznati ta pojav in ga v najbolj∏i meri o≠istiti sodobnega konteksta, da lahko modeliranje vrnemo k osnovnim epistemolo∏kim nastavkom. Predlagamo, da ima epistemologija ve≠jo generalizacijo, ≠eprav je osnovna ontologija zna≠ilna za sodobno dru∫bo, kar vodi v bistvu do enakih zaklju≠kov brez ogrodja zapletene ekonomije.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"462-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49292102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fables of the Past","authors":"Michael Kempf","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.27","url":null,"abstract":"Prehistoric landscape reconstructions are still considered an unsolved methodological issue in archaeological research, and this includes the perception and transformation of an individual landscape in relation to situational and local ecosystem performances. Which parts of the landscape offered the potential for land-use and which areas were rather unsuitable due to a variety of environmental preconditions? The modern perception of the archaeological record that is distributed in the modern landscape does not necessarily represent a realistic dispersal of past human activity, but rather reflects the current state of archaeological research and modern land-use strategies. This contribution provides a critical assessment of spatial analyses of large and unstructured archaeological datasets and the non-reconstructibility of past, individually perceived palaeolandscapes.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"476-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49566242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Practices and Special Events","authors":"D. Chondrou","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.16","url":null,"abstract":"The article offers a detailed analysis of the grinding tool assemblage from the two neighbouring, partially contemporary and almost entirely excavated Late/Final Neolithic settlements of Kleitos, northwestern Greece. The data shed light on various choices regarding the organisation of the production and management of these implements. According to the evidence, grinding tools were not only used as part of the daily routine, but were also often used in special events. The limited rates of exhausted implements, the extreme fragmentation, and special patterns of deposition indicate the complex manipulation of grinding implements beyond their primary functions.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"286-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42698178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica settlements and the vegetation of Ljubljansko barje (Slovenia) in the 4th millennium cal BC","authors":"M. Andrič","doi":"10.4312/dp.47.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.24","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT – In the 4th millennium cal BC the hinterlands of Ljubljansko barje basin were covered by beech-fir (Abies-Fagus) and mixed oak (Quercus) forests. People of several Eneolithic cultural groups were cutting/burning forests to open the landscape for fields and pastures. This paper focuses on high-resolution palynological analyses of pile-dwelling settlements Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica to investigate human impact on the vegetation, and to compare past economy and vegetation history in various parts of Ljubljansko barje. The results revealed that there were no major changes of vegetation throughout the 4th millennium cal. BC, neither were there any major differences between vegetation of the selected study sites. Cultural layers from archaeological sites (in larger quantities than off-site cores) contain pollen of plants that were brought to the settlement by people: cereals and other cultivars (Cereal t., Linum), weeds (Centaurea), grazing indicators (Plantago lanceolata, Campanula, Ranunculaceae), ruderal taxa (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia), (gathered) shrubs (Corylus) and herbs. Traces of anthropogenic impacts from older settlements were detected in sediments below archaeological cultural layers at all study sites. IZVLE∞EK – V 4. tiso≠letju pr. n. ∏t. so na ∏ir∏em obmo≠ju Ljubljanskega barja uspevali prete∫no bukovo-jelovi in hrastovi gozdovi. Ljudje razli≠nih arheolo∏kih kulturnih skupin so te gozdove ob≠asno izsekavali, da so si odprli povr∏ine za potrebe poljedelstva in pa∏e. Raziskava, ki jo predstavljamo v tem ≠lanku, se je usmerila na prou≠evanje palinolo∏kega zapisa na eneolitskih koli∏≠ih Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne in Blatna Brezovica, da bi prou≠ili ≠lovekov vpliv na rastlinstvo in primerjali razvoj vegetacije in nekdanje gospodarstvo na razli≠nih delih Ljubljanskega barja. Rezultati visokoresolucijskih palinolo∏kih raziskav so pokazali, da v 4. tiso≠letju pr. n. ∏t. ni pri∏lo do ve≠jih sprememb vegetacije, prav tako pa nismo zaznali razlik med vegetacijo v okolici posameznih koli∏≠, ki le∫ijo na razli≠nih delih Ljubljanskega barja. Kulturne plasti z arheolo∏kih najdi∏≠ (v ve≠ji meri kot so≠asne plasti v vrtinah izven najdi∏≠) vsebujejo pelod rastlin, ki so jih v naselje prinesli ljudje: ∫ita (Cereal t.) in druge kultivirane rastline (npr. Linum), pleveli (Centaurea), pa∏ni indikatorji (Plantago lanceolata, Campanula, Ranunculaceae), ruderalni taksoni (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia), nekateri grmi (Corylus) in zeli. Na vseh najdi∏≠ih smo v plasteh pod arheolo∏ko kulturno plastjo odkrili tudi sledove ≠lovekovega vpliva na vegetacijo v ≠asu (domnevnih) starej∏ih naselbin v okolici.","PeriodicalId":38599,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Praehistorica","volume":"47 1","pages":"420-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41544749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}