Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica settlements and the vegetation of Ljubljansko barje (Slovenia) in the 4th millennium cal BC

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Documenta Praehistorica Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI:10.4312/dp.47.24

M. Andrič

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

ABSTRACT – In the 4th millennium cal BC the hinterlands of Ljubljansko barje basin were covered by beech-fir (Abies-Fagus) and mixed oak (Quercus) forests. People of several Eneolithic cultural groups were cutting/burning forests to open the landscape for fields and pastures. This paper focuses on high-resolution palynological analyses of pile-dwelling settlements Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica to investigate human impact on the vegetation, and to compare past economy and vegetation history in various parts of Ljubljansko barje. The results revealed that there were no major changes of vegetation throughout the 4th millennium cal. BC, neither were there any major differences between vegetation of the selected study sites. Cultural layers from archaeological sites (in larger quantities than off-site cores) contain pollen of plants that were brought to the settlement by people: cereals and other cultivars (Cereal t., Linum), weeds (Centaurea), grazing indicators (Plantago lanceolata, Campanula, Ranunculaceae), ruderal taxa (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia), (gathered) shrubs (Corylus) and herbs. Traces of anthropogenic impacts from older settlements were detected in sediments below archaeological cultural layers at all study sites. IZVLE∞EK – V 4. tiso≠letju pr. n. ∏t. so na ∏ir∏em obmo≠ju Ljubljanskega barja uspevali prete∫no bukovo-jelovi in hrastovi gozdovi. Ljudje razli≠nih arheolo∏kih kulturnih skupin so te gozdove ob≠asno izsekavali, da so si odprli povr∏ine za potrebe poljedelstva in pa∏e. Raziskava, ki jo predstavljamo v tem ≠lanku, se je usmerila na prou≠evanje palinolo∏kega zapisa na eneolitskih koli∏≠ih Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne in Blatna Brezovica, da bi prou≠ili ≠lovekov vpliv na rastlinstvo in primerjali razvoj vegetacije in nekdanje gospodarstvo na razli≠nih delih Ljubljanskega barja. Rezultati visokoresolucijskih palinolo∏kih raziskav so pokazali, da v 4. tiso≠letju pr. n. ∏t. ni pri∏lo do ve≠jih sprememb vegetacije, prav tako pa nismo zaznali razlik med vegetacijo v okolici posameznih koli∏≠, ki le∫ijo na razli≠nih delih Ljubljanskega barja. Kulturne plasti z arheolo∏kih najdi∏≠ (v ve≠ji meri kot so≠asne plasti v vrtinah izven najdi∏≠) vsebujejo pelod rastlin, ki so jih v naselje prinesli ljudje: ∫ita (Cereal t.) in druge kultivirane rastline (npr. Linum), pleveli (Centaurea), pa∏ni indikatorji (Plantago lanceolata, Campanula, Ranunculaceae), ruderalni taksoni (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia), nekateri grmi (Corylus) in zeli. Na vseh najdi∏≠ih smo v plasteh pod arheolo∏ko kulturno plastjo odkrili tudi sledove ≠lovekovega vpliva na vegetacijo v ≠asu (domnevnih) starej∏ih naselbin v okolici.

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摘要:公元前4000年，卢布扬斯科盆地的腹地被山毛榉冷杉(abes - fagus)和混交林(Quercus)所覆盖。几个新石器时代文化群体的人们砍伐或焚烧森林，开辟田野和牧场的景观。本文通过对Maharski prekop、Stare gmajne和Blatna Brezovica等桩式住区的高分辨率孢粉学分析，探讨了人类活动对植被的影响，并比较了卢布尔雅斯克地区不同地区过去的经济和植被历史。结果表明，在公元前4千年期间，植被没有发生重大变化，所选研究地点之间的植被也没有任何重大差异。考古遗址的文化层(数量大于非现场核心)包含人类带到定居点的植物花粉:谷物和其他品种(谷物，亚麻)，杂草(半人马属)，放牧指标(车前草，风铃草，毛茛科)，原始分类群(Chenopodiaceae，青蒿科)，(采集的)灌木(Corylus)和草药。在所有研究地点的考古文化层以下的沉积物中都发现了来自更古老定居点的人为影响的痕迹。Izvle∞ek - v 4。Tiso≠letju p . n.∏t。so na∏ir∏em obmo≠ju Ljubljanskega barja uspevali prete∫no bukovo-jelovi in hrastovi gozdovi。Ljudje razli≠π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π。Raziskava, ki jo preprestavljamo v tem≠lanku, se je usmerila na prou≠evanje palinolo∏kega zapisa na eneolitskikoli∏≠ih Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne in blnata Brezovica, da bi prou≠ili≠lovekov vpliv na rastlinstvo in primerali razvoj vegetacije in nekdanje gospodarstvo na razli≠nih delih Ljubljanskega barja。Rezultati visokoresolucijskih palinolo∏kih raziskav so pokazali，数据v . 4。Tiso≠letju p . n.∏t。ni pri∏φ φ≠φ φ， φ φ φ≠φ φ， φ φ φ≠φ φ， φ φ φ≠φ φ， φ φ φ≠φ φ， φ φ φ≠φ φ， φ φ φ。文化可延展性π π π π π≠(v v≠ji meri π π≠)v v vrtinah izven π π π≠)vsebujejo pelod π π≠，ki so jih v naselje prinesli ljudje:∫ita(谷t.) in药物可延展性π π π π(谷t.)Linum)， pleveli(半人马属)，pa∏ni indickatorji (Plantago lanceolata, Campanula，毛茛科)，ruderalni taksoni (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia)， nekateri grmi (Corylus) in zeli。Na vseh najdi∏≠φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ。

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