Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)最新文献_第8页

Withholding and withdrawing treatment in paediatric intensive care 儿科重症监护中的暂停和撤消治疗

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.005

Anna Chadwick, Finella Craig

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A practical approach to the assessment of the external genitalia in boys 评估男孩外生殖器的实用方法

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.003

Helen Buschel, Daniel Carroll

{"title":"A practical approach to the assessment of the external genitalia in boys","authors":"Helen Buschel, Daniel Carroll","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Male infants and children are frequently referred with parental or health care provider concerns about small penis<span> size. A micropenis<span> is defined as stretched penile length less than 2.5 standard deviations of the mean for age. The term ‘inconspicuous penis’ has been used to describe a group of conditions that result in the penis appearing abnormally small. These conditions include: congenital megaprepuce, trapped penis (secondary to scarring following surgery, most commonly post circumcision), concealed penis (due to enlarged suprapubic fat pad) and webbed penis. Hypospadias is another cause for abnormal penis appearance which can be confused with an inconspicuous penis. Concerns about penile size and appearance can cause significant anxiety for families and older children. It is therefore important for all healthcare providers working with children to have an understanding of the varying pathologies as well as what is considered normal. This short article is aimed at paediatricians and healthcare professionals who might be the first point of contact for families with concerns about penis size. It offers advice about assessment and provides guidance about when onward referral is required.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 2","pages":"Pages 57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional management of children and infants with cancer 癌症儿童和婴儿的营养管理

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.002

Karen Jepson

{"title":"Nutritional management of children and infants with cancer","authors":"Karen Jepson","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Children receiving cancer therapy have particular dietary needs. Most have issues with eating. The combination of extended duration of treatment, high frequency admissions and prolonged length of stay impacts more on this group of children than most others. With advancements in more effective diagnosis and tailored multimodal therapy more children than ever are being treated with increasingly intense therapeutic regimens. Hence, more children are also surviving new second and third line treatments for relapsed disease. This has increased the number of children with cancer who are susceptible to nutritional problems associated with their disease treatment and </span>survivorship. It is important that health professionals are aware of predisposing factors which can lead to inadequate nutrition. Understanding can help alleviate them and prompt recognition and treatment can help prevent nutrition becoming a problem for these children. This article provides an overview of the particular problems faced by children with cancer obtaining adequate nutrition, nutritional risk factors and highlights why good nutrition status is essential for any child undergoing cancer therapy. The aims of nutritional therapy, a guide to nutritional assessment/interventions and long-term nutritional considerations are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 2","pages":"Pages 49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practice makes perfect: the role of simulation in postgraduate paediatric education 实践出真知：模拟在儿科研究生教育中的作用

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.004

Catherine Beatty, Shoshana Layman, Annabel Copeman

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Is this normal, doctor? Ten normal variants in infancy 这正常吗，医生？婴儿期的十种正常变异

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.006

Peter Heinz

{"title":"Is this normal, doctor? Ten normal variants in infancy","authors":"Peter Heinz","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Recognizing what is normal constitutes a key skill for medical practitioners, especially paediatricians. It is a necessary requisite to providing reassurance<span><span> and avoiding unnecessary referrals, investigations and treatment<span>. Normal variants are atypical or uncommon findings in a given population which are of no clinical or pathological significance yet fall within the spectrum of what is considered the normal range. The list of conditions discussed in this article is by no means complete or comprehensive but merely a reflection of frequently encountered issues in primary care, </span></span>paediatric outpatients<span> and the paediatric </span></span></span>emergency department<span>; they include infantile dyschezia, ‘catch down’ growth, familial macrocephaly<span><span>, positional plagiocephaly, asymmetrical thigh creases, sacral dimples, physiological </span>anisocoria, PURPLE screaming episodes, gastro-oesophageal reflux and infant gratification and also provide guidance on what not to miss. This short article provides essential guidance for those new to paediatric outpatients or those less familiar with providing advice and guidance to worried parents.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 2","pages":"Pages 74-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding recent advances in genomic testing in paediatric oncology 了解儿科肿瘤基因组检测的最新进展

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.001

Serena L. Robinson, Nicola Seneviratne, Madhumita Dandapani

引用次数: 0

What is health equity and why do children need it now more than ever? 什么是健康公平，为什么儿童现在比以往任何时候都更需要健康公平？

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.002

Abigail Knight, Dhanya Gardner, Cat Crook, Elizabeth Crabtree, Nicola Ennis, Douglas Simkiss, Jessica Allen

{"title":"What is health equity and why do children need it now more than ever?","authors":"Abigail Knight, Dhanya Gardner, Cat Crook, Elizabeth Crabtree, Nicola Ennis, Douglas Simkiss, Jessica Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Health equity enables everyone to have the best possible opportunity for good health regardless of their social circumstance. In this article we set out why it is so vital that this begins in childhood, particularly at a time when increased costs of living in many countries are exacerbating health inequities further. We examine the impact of addressing the social determinants of health at individual, population and systems levels, and why this is the business of all partners involved in the local health economy. In the UK, integrated care systems (ICS) are early in their development. In this short article, we describe the work of the Children and Young People's Health Equity Collaborative: a collaboration between children's charity Barnardo's, the Institute of Health Equity, Birmingham and Solihull ICS, Cheshire and Merseyside ICS, and South Yorkshire ICS. This details a three-year programme designed to establish enablers for this whole systems approach. This includes a Children and Young People's Health Equity Framework, a dynamic data measurement tool to direct action for longer term outcomes and supporting child health equity interventions. Children and young people's voice is central to our work, combining academic evidence with lived experience of what really matters to them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Child and adolescent immunisation in the UK: current issues 英国儿童和青少年免疫接种：当前问题

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.001

Helen E Bedford, David AC Elliman

引用次数: 0

Early intervention to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for high-risk infants 早期干预，改善高风险婴儿的神经发育结果

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.003

Andrew Elliot-Smith, Audrienne Sammut, Betty Hutchon, Nazakat Merchant, Frances O'Brien, Angela Huertas-Ceballos

{"title":"Early intervention to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for high-risk infants","authors":"Andrew Elliot-Smith, Audrienne Sammut, Betty Hutchon, Nazakat Merchant, Frances O'Brien, Angela Huertas-Ceballos","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many babies cared for on a neonatal unit are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The aim of early intervention (EI), therefore, is to support a child and their family to achieve the best outcome possible. Notably, EI is not one specific thing. The term encompasses a wide range of approaches and interventions that can vary in a number of ways, including who undertakes them, where they happen and when they start. There is debate as to the most effective approach, but the evidence supports the implementation of EI from soon after birth, continuing post-discharge. Furthermore, involving the parents in EI is critical, not only to ensure sustained effects throughout childhood, but also because of the beneficial impact on parental wellbeing. All in all, the evidence shows improved neurodevelopmental outcomes for children exposed to EI, particularly in the short-term. This review will explore what EI means in practice, considering the variations in application, as well as the evidence of benefit. It will also consider the limitations of current research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of the school nurse in the UK: where are we now? 英国校医的作用：我们现在在哪里？

Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.004

Sallyann Sutton, Sharon White

{"title":"The role of the school nurse in the UK: where are we now?","authors":"Sallyann Sutton, Sharon White","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In the UK, school nurses play a crucial role in promoting the health and wellbeing of children and young people, giving them the best start in life and supporting them to sustain optimal health. They have a vital and unique link between education settings, home and the community. Their key role is within the public health<span><span> arena, they are an important part of the primary health care team and a key link for acute and community </span>paediatric<span> teams and therapies. The onset of school nursing came in the Victorian era with a focus on improving the health of children living in poverty, this coincided with a report from the British army at the time which highlighted that young men joining the service were unfit for purpose. Now, in the 21</span></span></span><sup>st</sup> century, we are faced with widening health inequalities, shocking levels of poverty and increases in the number of people living with major illness and mental health problems. It is argued that the school nurse has never been more essential in supporting the health and well-being of children and young people which includes their integral role in safeguarding. In this article we will explore why this might be the case, the difficulties and opportunities and, importantly, how, alongside our paediatric colleagues in both community and acute settings, we can best garner our combined efforts to rise above and beyond the escalating challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0