Gary Stiefel, Cherry Alviani, Mich Erlewyn-Lajeunesse
{"title":"Food-protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: the ‘anaphylaxis’ of non-IgE-mediated food allergy","authors":"Gary Stiefel, Cherry Alviani, Mich Erlewyn-Lajeunesse","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>FPIES (food-protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome) is a severe, non-IgE-mediated allergic reaction. Its hallmark is the onset of acute vomiting one to four hours post ingestion of a trigger food. Reactions can result in such significant hypovolaemia as to be end organ or life threatening and require prompt recognition and fluid support. FPIES is a disorder of infancy, and recent BPSU survey data suggests it is still under-recognized within the UK. Its presentation can mimic other more common conditions, such as sepsis and gastroenteritis, leading to under-recognition and diagnostic delay. Patients often end up experiencing multiple FPIES reactions before the diagnosis is reached. As it is a non-IgE-mediated condition, there is currently no diagnostic test available to confirm FPIES. Diagnosis therefore relies on awareness of the condition and accurate history taking. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of FPIES, and seeks to increase reader awareness and recognition of this rare but important form of food allergy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 6","pages":"Pages 193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Congenital inguinal hernia, hydrocoele and undescended testis","authors":"A. Kate Khoo, Stewart J. Cleeve","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Congenital inguinal hernias (CIH), hydrocoeles and undescended testes (UDT) are common groin conditions in neonates, infants and children that are encountered by general practitioners, paediatricians, general surgeons and paediatric surgeons. CIH, hydrocoeles and UDT share a common embryological origin. Clinical differentiation between the three conditions can be challenging, particularly as they may exist in isolation or combination in the same patient. Accurate clinical distinction is imperative as the management and outcome is different for each condition. Surgery and outcomes for these conditions is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 120-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute scrotal conditions in children","authors":"Florin B. Djendov, Anna-May Long","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scrotal conditions are frequently seen in male children and can reflect a wide spectrum of underlying pathologies. Detailed history and prompt examination is essential to differentiate between those that require urgent surgical management and benign conditions that can be treated conservatively. Testicular torsion remains the most time critical event with a high risk of gonadal loss. This article provides a brief review of all aspects of diagnosis and management of such conditions, highlighting the principles of surgical management and outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 111-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis","authors":"David Fawkner-Corbett, Merrill McHoney","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is one of the most commonly encountered paediatric surgical conditions. It is estimated to affect between 1 and 4 infants per 1,000 births, representing the most common cause of surgical intervention in the first 6 months of life. The exact aetiology remains unclear. It is known to be more common in males (4:1), especially those that are first-born. Abdominal examination can sometimes detect visible stomach peristalsis in the left upper quadrant and the pathognomic sign of an “olive shaped” epigastric mass may be present. In cases of diagnostic uncertainty or where a definitive mass is not felt, ultrasound is the investigation of choice for confirming IHPS, with high sensitivity and specificity. Following appropriate pre-operative optimisation and surgical correction is undertaken. The Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy con be performed via a right upper quadrant, peri-umbilical, or laparoscopic approach. The vast majority of cases recover quickly with no concerns, with the infant almost invariably discharged soon after treatment. Perforation requiring mucosal repair and incomplete pyloromyotomy requiring re-do surgery as the specific complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 126-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140290468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ankle instability and intra-articular injuries in children","authors":"Ghazal Hodhody, Saleem Mastan, Ana Jeelani","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ankle instability is a common problem in children and adolescents. What may seem like an initial, relatively benign ankle injury for a child may lead to chronic pain, chronic instability and gradual loss of the ability to participate in certain activities. The complications of an ankle injury can include osteochondral defects, which may require urgent surgical attention and may be associated with an increased long-term risk of osteoarthritis. This article aims to provide trainees and general orthopaedic surgeons with a systematic approach to the assessment, diagnosis and management of ankle instability in the paediatric population. We explore the mechanisms of the initial injury together with factors that may increase the risk of injury to the child. Guidance on clinical examination and of the ankle joint is provided. Though short periods of immobilization and proprioceptive activities are the mainstay of treatment, there is a small subset of these patients who will benefit from further imaging and surgical intervention to prevent the chronic sequelae of ankle instability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 130-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Appendicitis and non-specific abdominal pain in childhood","authors":"Sumita Chhabra, Simon E. Kenny","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abdominal pain is a common experience during childhood and frequently presents to secondary healthcare facilities. Although non-specific abdominal pain and appendicitis are the most common causes, the clinician should also be aware of the diagnosis and management of all causes of abdominal pain in children. This article provides an overview of abdominal pain in children, including history and examination, initial management, diagnostic categories, modes of investigation, and definitive treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 115-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genu valgum in children","authors":"Stephanie Buchan, Simon Bennet, Matthew Barry","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genu valgum is a common lower limb deformity seen in children. There are multiple causes for the development of genu valgum but to be able to accurately assess the child it is important to understand the physiological development of the lower limbs. Although often asymptomatic and idiopathic, genu valgum can be associated with underlying pathology, such as rickets, previous proximal tibia fracture leading to valgus deformity, tumours and dysplasias which often require a multidisciplinary approach to management of the condition. This article will review the common causes of genu valgum in children, explain how to clinically assess the child and cover possible management options for each condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoxin Chin, Alex Christmas, Deborah Gilliland, Natalie Bee
{"title":"Self-assessment: a day in the paediatric emergency department","authors":"Yoxin Chin, Alex Christmas, Deborah Gilliland, Natalie Bee","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 2","pages":"Pages 78-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Withholding and withdrawing treatment in paediatric intensive care","authors":"Anna Chadwick, Finella Craig","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Making decisions to withhold or withdraw treatment in the paediatric intensive care setting can be complex, emotive and morally challenging. The process draws on the expertise and experience of both the families and the medical teams, their understanding of the needs and (where possible) choices of the child, and a balance of trust between all parties to want to achieve the right outcome. It is important that all healthcare professionals caring for children, particularly those living with potentially life-limiting or life-threatening conditions, are aware of the processes involved so they can support patients and families with confidence and sensitivity. This paper explores the basic aspects of withholding and withdrawing interventions in the </span>PICU with the aim of demonstrating the situations in which these decisions </span><em>might</em> be necessary. It explains the frameworks and considerations guiding the decision-making process and describes the practicalities of providing ongoing care through collaboration with hospital and community services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 2","pages":"Pages 69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A practical approach to the assessment of the external genitalia in boys","authors":"Helen Buschel, Daniel Carroll","doi":"10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Male infants and children are frequently referred with parental or health care provider concerns about small penis<span> size. A micropenis<span> is defined as stretched penile length less than 2.5 standard deviations of the mean for age. The term ‘inconspicuous penis’ has been used to describe a group of conditions that result in the penis appearing abnormally small. These conditions include: congenital megaprepuce, trapped penis (secondary to scarring following surgery, most commonly post circumcision), concealed penis (due to enlarged suprapubic fat pad) and webbed penis. Hypospadias is another cause for abnormal penis appearance which can be confused with an inconspicuous penis. Concerns about penile size and appearance can cause significant anxiety for families and older children. It is therefore important for all healthcare providers working with children to have an understanding of the varying pathologies as well as what is considered normal. This short article is aimed at paediatricians and healthcare professionals who might be the first point of contact for families with concerns about penis size. It offers advice about assessment and provides guidance about when onward referral is required.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38589,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom)","volume":"34 2","pages":"Pages 57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
