2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record最新文献

Real-time data reorganizer for the D0 central fiber tracker trigger system at Fermilab 费米实验室D0中心光纤跟踪触发系统的实时数据重组器

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-13 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239299

S. Rapisarda, N. Wilcer, J. Olsen

引用次数: 5

Advantages of improved timing accuracy in PET cameras using LSO scintillator 利用LSO闪烁体提高PET相机定时精度的优点

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-02 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239645

W. Moses

{"title":"Advantages of improved timing accuracy in PET cameras using LSO scintillator","authors":"W. Moses","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239645","url":null,"abstract":"PET scanners based on LSO have the potential for significantly better coincidence timing resolution than the 6 ns fwhm typically achieved with BGO. This study analyzes the performance enhancements made possible by improved timing as a function of the coincidence time resolution. If 500 ps fwhm coincidence timing resolution can be achieved in a complete PET camera, the following four benefits can be realized for wholebody FDG imaging: 1) The random event rate can be reduced by using a narrower coincidence timing window, increasing the peak NECR by /spl sim/50%. 2) Using time-of-flight in the reconstruction algorithm will reduce the noise variance by a factor of 5. 3) Emission and transmission data can be acquired simultaneously, reducing the total scan time. 4) Axial blurring can be reduced by using time-of-flight to determine the correct axial plane that each event originated from. While time-of-flight was extensively studied in the 1980's, practical factors limited its effectiveness at that time and little attention has been paid to timing in PET since then. As these potential improvements are substantial and the advent of LSO PET cameras gives us the means to obtain them without other sacrifices, efforts to improve PET timing should resume after their long dormancy.","PeriodicalId":385259,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132840769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

A high-speed, low-noise CMOS 16-channel charge-sensitive preamplifier ASIC for APD-based PET detectors 一种高速，低噪声CMOS 16通道电荷敏感前置放大器ASIC，用于基于apd的PET探测器

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-02 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239371

M. Weng, E. Mandelli, W. Moses, S. Derenzo

{"title":"A high-speed, low-noise CMOS 16-channel charge-sensitive preamplifier ASIC for APD-based PET detectors","authors":"M. Weng, E. Mandelli, W. Moses, S. Derenzo","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239371","url":null,"abstract":"A high-speed, low-noise 16-channel amplifier IC has been fabricated in the UP 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process. It is a prototype for use with a PET detector which uses a 4/spl times/4 avalanche photodiode (APD) array having 3 pF of capacitance and 75 nA of leakage current. This requires that the preamplifier have a fast rise time (a few ns) in order to generate an accurate timing signal, low noise in order to accurately measure the energy of the incident gamma radiation, and high density in order to read out 2-D arrays of small (2 mm) pixels. A single channel consists of a charge-sensitive preamplifier followed by a pad-driving buffer. The preamplifier is reset by an NMOS transistor in the triode region which is controlled by an externally supplied current. The IC has 16 different gain settings which were measured to range from 2.085 mV/fC to 10.695 mV/fC. The gain is determined by four switched capacitors in the feedback loop. The switch state is set by two digital input lines which control a 64-bit shift register on the IC. A preamplifier 10-90% rise time as low as 2.7 ns with no external input load and 3.6 ns with a load of 5.8 pF was achieved. For the maximum gain setting and 5.8 pF of input load, the amplifier had 400 electrons of RMS noise at a peaking time of 0.7 /spl mu/s. The IC is powered by a +3.3 V supply drawing 60 mA.","PeriodicalId":385259,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129042967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

A CMOS active pixel sensor for charged particle detection 一种用于带电粒子检测的CMOS有源像素传感器

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-02 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239312

H. Matis, F. Bieser, S. Kleinfelder, G. Rai, F. Retlere, Hans, G. Titter, K.S. Samuel, E. Wurzel, H. Wieman, E. Yamamoto

引用次数: 13

Dual scintillator detection method to solve PSPMT edge resolving problem 双闪烁体检测方法解决PSPMT边缘求解问题

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239635

Y. Shao, D. Castleberry, R. Manjeshwar

{"title":"Dual scintillator detection method to solve PSPMT edge resolving problem","authors":"Y. Shao, D. Castleberry, R. Manjeshwar","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239635","url":null,"abstract":"For the design of a high resolution PET detector based on PSPMTs (position-sensitive PMT), the insensitive area at the edge of the PSPMT normally prevents close packing of the scintillator crystals directly on the entire front face of the PSPMT. This edge-resolving problem is particularly severe for a high resolution PET system with multiple detector rings since it would cause gaps between detector rings and may lead to severe image artifacts. We have proposed a new method to solve this edge resolving problem by a dual scintillator detection method: it optically couples one scintillator at the insensitive edge of the PSPMT to another scintillator at the adjacent sensitive area; these two scintillators have different decay times. With this method, a gamma ray interaction that happens inside either scintillator can be detected, and the identification of which scintillator can be achieved by differentiating pulse shapes between the two scintillators. The feasibility of the method has been demonstrated with experiments measurements. Also, the artifacts from the missing data due to the gaps among detector rings has been investigated preliminarily with PET System Monte Carlo simulations.","PeriodicalId":385259,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127575068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Acceleration of SimSET photon history generation SimSET光子历史生成的加速

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239680

R. Harrison, S. Dhavala, P.N. Kumar, Y. Shao, R. Manjersshwar, T. Lewellen, F. Jansen

{"title":"Acceleration of SimSET photon history generation","authors":"R. Harrison, S. Dhavala, P.N. Kumar, Y. Shao, R. Manjersshwar, T. Lewellen, F. Jansen","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239680","url":null,"abstract":"SimSET (a Simulation System for Emission Tomography) is widely, used for studying PET and SPECT. As emission tomography simulation has become a more mature field, the scope of the research being performed, and thus the complexity of the simulations required, has grown immensely. Researchers are increasingly interested in clinically realistic simulations, and in some cases need hundreds or thousands of realizations. To meet these needs, we are investigating methods for accelerating SimSE'T. SimSET has always incorporated importance sampling (IS). Early studies showed the use of IS led to efficiencies 10-100 times greater than those achieved using analog (conventional) simulation. However, as the simulation became increasingly realistic the assumptions underlying the IS algorithms were violated. The efficiency improvement fell as low as a factor of two for some simulations. We are addressing this loss of efficiency by updating SimSET's algorithms, code optimization, and by modifying the software to run on multiple processors. We hope, with the new IS, to be able to simulate a 3D PET FDG brain scan (300 million detected events) in 3 hours on a 2 GHz processor. This would be a factor of 20 speedup over the currently, distributed software. To date we achieved a factor of 1.5-3 speedup by changing three algorithms and doing some code Optimization. We have several more algorithm improvements and another round of code optimization planned. We have made significant progress on parallel processing. Prototype code based on the last distributed version of SimSET achieved a speedup very close to the number of processors used. The new software also allows for multiple realizations of the same simulation to be automatically, generated on multiple processors.","PeriodicalId":385259,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116814376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Brain lesion detectability studies with a high resolution PET operating in no-septa and partial-septa configurations 在无间隔和部分间隔配置下使用高分辨率PET进行脑损伤检测的研究

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239658

H. Baghaei, W. Wong, J. Uribe, Hongdi Li, M. Aykaç, Yu Wang, Yaqiang Liu, T. Xing, R. Farrell

{"title":"Brain lesion detectability studies with a high resolution PET operating in no-septa and partial-septa configurations","authors":"H. Baghaei, W. Wong, J. Uribe, Hongdi Li, M. Aykaç, Yu Wang, Yaqiang Liu, T. Xing, R. Farrell","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239658","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effect of partial-septa on the noise equivalent sensitivity and lesion detectability for a high resolution PET camera. For this purpose we used the MDAPET camera to detect small lesions in brain images obtained from the scan of the Hoffman brain phantom. The three-dimensional (3-D) positron emission tomography (PET) acquisition in comparison to two-dimensional (2-D) PET acquisition improves the sensitivity of the system at the cost of higher scatter and accidental coincidence contributions. A partial-septa allowing 3D-acquisition may provide a better alternative. For this work, three small lesion phantoms with diameters of 3, 5 and 8.6 mm were embedded into the Hoffman brain phantom. The activity concentration ratio of the lesions to the surrounding brain gray matter was ranging from 1.5 to 10. For this study, the eight detectors modules of the prototype MDAPET scanner were modified axially to extend from 38.5 mm to 131 mm in order to simulate more closely the performance of a clinical size camera. Data for the hot lesion phantoms and the normal Hoffman brain phantom were taken separately. Then, the two sets of the sinograms data were selectively combined to generate the sinograms data for the desired SUVs. Visual inspection of the lesion images show that we could clearly see the 8.6 mm lesion, with or without septa, at even the lowest activity ratio that we measured. The 5 mm and 3 min lesions were observable at activity ratio of 2.2 and 5.4, respectively. We found that even though the use of septa could increase the noise equivalent count rate and lower the image noise, it does not necessary translate into improvement of the lesion detectability. For partial-septa configurations the white matter regions of brain have less count and the brain images visually looked better; however, images from no-septa data had slightly higher contrast.","PeriodicalId":385259,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121237253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Temporal resolution properties of dynamic PET reconstructions 动态PET重建的时间分辨率特性

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239438

E. Asma, Thomas E. Nichols, R. Leahy

引用次数: 7

Beam tests of ionization chambers for the NuMI neutrino beam NuMI中微子束电离室的光束测试

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239393

R. Zwaska, James Hall, Sacha E. Kopp, M. Proga, A. Erwin, Huican Ping, C. Velissaris, Deborah A. Harris, D. Naples, Jeffrey McDonald, D. Northacker, Milind Diwan, Brett Viren Brookhave National Laboratory, F. N. Laboratory, U. Pittsburgh, Univ. of Texas-Austin, U. Wisconsin

引用次数: 10

Effects of attenuation correction and 3D-reconstruction algorithms on brain lesions detectability 衰减校正和3d重建算法对脑损伤可检测性的影响

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2002.1239612

H. Baghaei, J. Uribe, Hongdi Li, Yu Wang, Yaqiang Liu, T. Xing, R. Farrell, W. Wong

引用次数: 0