Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Combined models of electricity consumption","authors":"V. Kalinchyk, V. Pobigaylo, V. Kalinchyk, Aleksandr Meita, O. Borychenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates models and methods of electric load forecasting. It is shown that among the known methods of power consumption management, preference is given to those based on the use of forecast estimates. The analysis of works devoted to the issues of forecasting the processes of power consumption management systems of industrial enterprises is carried out. It is shown that it is expedient to use adaptive models as a basis for operative forecasting of loads of power supply systems of industrial enterprises. Analysis of adaptive models of electricity consumption forecasting based on the method of exponential smoothing showed their high efficiency and good adaptability to changes in the process of electricity consumption. It is shown that the greatest difficulty in forecasting are cases of abrupt changes in the development of the process. Abrupt changes in the process can lead to a violation of pre-existing qualitative relationships of the parameters of the projected system. If the jump is the transition of the predicted system from one steady state to another, the model of exponential smoothing with correction of the constant smoothing has the best adaptability to this kind of change. At the same time, changes of the \"pulse\" type are worked out by the model with a certain delay, which leads to an increase in the standard error of the forecast. Therefore, the model's response to change slows down. To eliminate this circumstance, a forecasting procedure based on combined models is proposed. The paper considers two models of combined forecasting - a combined model of joint processing of forecasting results and a combined model of selective type. Experimental studies of the considered models are carried out.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129273999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the internal shielding system in gas filled high voltage electric appliances with polymer insulation","authors":"L. Zhorniak, A. Afanasiev, Vitaliy Schus","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the authors propose a technique for estimating the parameters of the electrical load for calculating the distribution of the electric field strength of a solid insulating structure of gas-filled high-voltage apparatus that have axial symmetry. This design is a support and insulating cover filled with SF6 gas as an internal insulating medium. This technique makes it possible to estimate the parameters of the electrical load (voltage and field strength) depending on the design features of the device and the shielding system that is used to equalize the electric field. The proposed method makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the influence of the design parameters of the shielding system for gas-filled high-voltage equipment (instrument transformers, arresters, surge suppressors, etc.) when designing and improving individual design solutions. The calculation results are in good agreement with the data of experimental studies and statistical information obtained as a result of monitoring the operation of insulating structures, taking into account real operating conditions and the impact of external factors. The implementation of this technique makes it possible to take into account the influence of external factors and operational characteristics inherent in instrument transformers and surge arresters. In the proposed method, as an example, a supporting insulating cover is considered, which is during operation in the most unfavorable conditions, such as external pollution, moisture and their combination, overvoltage of various origins, etc. Theoretical conclusions are confirmed by the results of calculations on the example of the most mass-produced design of a gas-filled current transformer TOG-245 series. A more accurate determination of the effectiveness of the proposed method for predicting the parameters of the distribution of the field strength under the action of the shielding system can be achieved by carrying out an additional series of calculations and experimental tests of specific insulating structures. Thus, it was concluded that the obtained results can be used to assess the external insulation performance of both gas-filled instrument transformers and similar high-voltage switchgear equipment and transformer substations.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128788935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Smart\" electric devices for household switch box with remote control: market overview, directions for further improvement and research","authors":"V. Sidak, Mykhailo Panteliat","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"“Smart home” systems are becoming increasingly common in modern society. There are a significant number of \"smart\" electrical devices on the market: relay switches with electromagnetic or solid-state relays; as well as circuit breakers. The purpose of the work is a comparative analysis of the principles of operation, technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of \"smart\" electric devices for household switch box with remote control that are present at the modern markets and the formulation of proposals to eliminate the identified shortcomings by conducting research and development work. From a generalized comparison, this is concluded that the technical solutions of \"smart\" devices based on relays are still generally inferior to their \"brothers\"-circuit breakers, mainly in types of protection. It is proposed to eliminate this significant drawback by using a power supply (AC-DC converter) that supports the appropriate types of protection.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129221457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of circuit design solutions of single-phase voltage control relays for household consumers","authors":"Y. Zorin","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper pays attention to a circuit design solutions of single-phase voltage control relays for protection of household consumers of electrical energy from unacceptable voltage deviations within power supply network using the examples of some manufacturers. An overview and description of electrical drawings of analog voltage control relays, based on comparators, and digital ones, as a modern version on the basis of microcontrollers, are carried. The conducted overview and analysis systematizes information on the design, technical and functional features of the electrical circuits and components of the mentioned relays and demonstrates the prospects for development of voltage relay circuitry. The electrical drawings have been illustrated by the author, and the algorithm of their operation is described in detail. A generalization and conclusion are made concerning the components of the functional circuits in the voltage control relay for protection of household consumers.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114777933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory workshop for investigation of the soft-starter of three-phase asynchronous motor with short-closed rotor","authors":"O. Chepeliuk, Andrii Mylashych","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the development of a laboratory workshop for the study of the device of soft start of a three-phase asynchronous motor with a short-circuited rotor. The design, development process and electrical scheme of the developed stand are described, methodical instructions for carrying out laboratory and practical works are developed. Hyperlinks to technical literature from the manufacturer and to special programs from the developer are widely used in the developed methodical instructions.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124130010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of electricity consumption regimes of producers consumers","authors":"V. Kalinchyk, V. Pobigaylo, V. Kalinchyk, Aleksandr Meita, Uliya Chunyak","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates models and methods of complex control of power consumption modes. It is shown that the power shortage during peak hours makes it difficult to maintain a balance between generation and consumption capacity, which led to the need to impose restrictions on the electrical load of industrial consumers and the development of methods and tools to control power consumption. Moreover, the tasks of controlling the modes of active power consumption and reactive power compensation are closely related. It is shown that the following methods of power consumption management are currently known: instantaneous rate; at the ideal rate; management on the forecast value; control with the use of average power on a moving time interval (\"moving window\" method). Optimal control of power consumption system modes and reactive power modes for the relevant control period is based on the use of operational forecasting methods. Studies have shown that a positive role in improving the efficiency of optimization of power consumption modes can play and influencing its level of voltage control in the power supply system. In this regard, it is advisable to move to a comprehensive solution to the problem of power management, both through the management of consumers - regulators, and the impact on the voltage regimes of the power supply system. Static characteristics of changes in active and reactive powers from voltage changes in the power supply system are given. Solving the problem of obtaining static characteristics is possible as a result of active experiments; or based on the integration of static characteristics of individual electrical receivers. Focus on the second way is advisable with a limited number of different types of electrical receivers. However, in any case, it is necessary to determine the static characteristics of individual large consumers - regulators, disabling or enabling which can significantly affect the integrated static characteristics of the power supply. An approach to integrated management of power consumption modes is proposed, which consists in the fact that from the beginning of the controlled interval periodically formed real values of active and reactive electricity consumption, as well as voltage values at the controlled point of the network. Then the forecast of active and reactive energy consumption to the end of the controlled interval and the forecast of the average voltage level is determined, the deviation between the forecast and set power consumption is determined and, if the forecast value of power consumption exceeds the set. At the same time determine the possible changes in reactive power and, if necessary, control the capacitor banks. Experimental studies of the considered models are carried out. The structural scheme of the system of complex control and management of power consumption modes is given.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116673928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Releasers with electro-hydraulic retarders as an effective alternative for short circuit and overcurrent protection","authors":"V. Kalinchyk, V. Pobigaylo, O. Borychenko, S. Kuzovkin","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that circuit breakers (CBs) installed in distribution cabinets (DCs), better known as “enclosed circuit breakers”, depending on the execution, are designed for: - protection against emergency states of grids: overvoltage and short circuit (s/c) or voltage drop below the permissible level (circuit breakers installed on the grid do not always provide protection against voltage reduction); - protection of AC motors, as well as for combined installation with other electric devices (CBs can service by grid sections as well as separate motors if CBs are used to operate the wound-rotor motor or starting devices, they must include voltage drop protection); - to be used as disconnectors for supply and trunk networks. Overcurrent protection is done by a bimetallic plate, while an electromagnetic releaser provides s/c protection. The main features inherent in this technical solution of overcurrent protection include: - relative dependence on ambient temperature; - inability to quickly switch on again after the CB is triggered; - unstable time-current characteristics of the CB. National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” and «E.NEXT Ukraine» offers an alternative solution for the design of CB protection elements, which is an integrated overcurrent and short circuit protection at the same time in the form of a releaser with an electro – hydraulic retarder. A releaser with an electro-hydraulic retarder triggers the СB actuator, which breaks the contact group of the CB when the current exceeding the set maximum permissible value (s/c or overcurrent) is passing through electrical equipment. The main part of this releaser is an electromagnet, whose coil is connected in series with working contacts in the circuit of the operating current.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127010157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penetration of a plane electromagnetic wave into a moving ferromagnetic medium","authors":"E. Baida, Mykhailo Panteliat","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to mathematical modeling of the penetration of the electromagnetic field into a moving ferromagnetic conducting medium. It is shown that the depth of penetration of a plane electromagnetic field depends both on the speed of movement and on the direction of movement of the medium. The movement of the medium \"towards\" the field reduces the depth of its penetration into the material, which is equivalent to an increase in the frequency of the field. At certain speeds of movement of the medium in the direction of the field, the penetration depth increases so much that the medium becomes \"transparent\" and there is no attenuation of the field. It is shown that the vibration of a thin ferromagnetic plate in the electromagnetic field, even in the case of a linear medium, leads to nonlinear oscillations of the field in the substance. The nonlinearity of the medium affects the value of the field attenuation but the nature of the field does not change significantly. It is shown that the vibration of a thin ferromagnetic plate increases the field penetration depth compared to the case of a stationary medium.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123724728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive power control","authors":"V. Kalinchyk, V. Pobigaylo, V. Kalinchyk, V. Skosyrev","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2021.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2021.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the methods of control of reactive power modes. It is shown that ensuring the efficiency of electricity transmission and distribution is inseparable from setting and solving problems related to reducing electricity losses in networks. Moreover, one of the most effective ways to reduce electricity losses, as well as improve its quality at the terminals of electrical receivers is to compensate for reactive power, which is carried out using various compensating devices. It is shown that the control of the reactive power mode is carried out in accordance with the Methodology for calculating the fee for the flow of reactive energy between the power transmission organization and its consumers. It is shown that the indicator of economically advantageous value of the level of reactive energy consumption can be cos φз, the value of which is predetermined. The procedure for controlling the reactive power mode contains two main stages: the stage of determining the magnitude of the possible reduction of the current cos φ above the set and the stage of determining and implementing control effects aimed at eliminating possible deviations. Preferably, it is preferable to focus on those methods that are based on the study of forecast estimates, which constitute the source information for management decisions. It is expedient to use adaptive methods of exponential smoothing as a basis for operative forecasting of electric loading. Reactive power mode is controlled by compensating units. It is shown that the control of voltage modes in the power supply system significantly affects the modes of reactive power consumption. In this regard, it is advisable to comprehensively solve the problem of reactive power control both by controlling the compensating units and the impact on the voltage regimes of the power supply system. In the calculation model, the reactive load of the distribution network is given by its static characteristics, which can be the basis for regulating the reactive load. To implement regulation in the power supply centers of electrical networks, technical means are provided on the basis of changing the transformation coefficient or generating reactive power by counter-voltage regulation.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133184305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiphysics model of processes in electromagnets and actuators of vacuum switching devices taking into ac-count contact interaction of structural elements","authors":"Mykhailo Panteliat, A. Kuzmin","doi":"10.20998/2079-3944.2021.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2021.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to improve mathematical models and algorithms of computer modeling of multiphysics processes in electromagnets and actuators of vacuum switching devices by taking into account the contact interaction of structural elements when changing their stress-strain state. In the design of modern vacuum circuit breakers and contactors, there is a significant use of electromagnetic actuators based on high-coercive hard magnetic rare earth composite materials NdFeB and SmCo. The most promising for use as drives of circuit breakers and contactors are polarized electromagnets based on the use of these high-coercive permanent magnets. However, the existing serial designs of electromagnets and actuators need to be significantly improved in order to increase reliability and service life, reduce weight and cost, further reduce energy consumption, improve the manufacturability of the mass production process. Computer simulation is proposed to be performed by the Finite Element Method in 2D formulation using commercial software products and/or software created directly for these investigations. One of the priority areas for improving mathematical models and algorithms for computer modeling of processes in the mechanical circuit of vacuum switching devices of medium and high voltage is to take into account the contact interaction of the structural elements of the devices under consideration. The next step, thanks to the use of an advanced mathematical model, is to perform a set of computational research and based on the obtained numerical results to develop recommendations aimed at creating designs of electromagnets and actuators that would meet world standards and be competitive in the world market.","PeriodicalId":385206,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NTU \"KhPI\". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116439725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}