Mediterranee最新文献

{"title":"Water policy(ies) in Portugal","authors":"F. Costa","doi":"10.4000/mediterranee.10078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.10078","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of water policy was strongly influenced by the role of water resources in the economic and social development of Portugal in several sectors. Its evolution is similar to many other policies, as decision-making mechanisms were developed to take into account an increasingly wider range of public and private bodies, both central and regional, connected to the offer and demand for water. The institutional design was thus continuously shaped and defined by those same goals. Portugal’s entry into the European Union gave a new incentive to water policy, more focused on the sustainable and integrated use of water resources. New challenges for the integrated management of water resources were taken on by public administration bodies in Portugal.","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48448466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cities and urbanisation in democratic Portugal","authors":"J. Fernandes, J. Seixas","doi":"10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10698","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are continuously gaining importance in an increasingly urban world. They are transformed by processes of extension and restructuring, with multi-centrism tendencies and growing metropolitan concentration of people, economic capacity and political power.In the Portuguese case, gaining insight into this question is essential for understanding the post-1974 transformations, and the deep changes promoted by democracy and accompanied by the European integration, with the animation of the consumer society and the anxiety of the Lehman Brothers and sovereign debt crisis. Through complex mechanisms, cities must take on the heavy responsibility of shaping the future of the country.Thus, we will pay particular attention to cities, urbanization, urbanism and urban politics. We present a detailed synthesis and analysis about the urban development in Portugal and suggest reflection on the future.","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44388701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health of the Portuguese over the last four decades","authors":"P. Santana, R. Almendra","doi":"10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10348","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe objective of this paper is to present the health gains in Portugal from the 1970s onward, and how this evolution responds to Portugal’s 40 years of democracy, the country’s inclusion in the EEC/EU, the public investment made in health, and the generalized improvements experienced in the daily lives of the population (housing, education, and access to public services). Currently, Portugal is at the end of an epidemiological transition. Health indicators linked to communicable disease, infant mortality, maternal mortality, perinatal mortality and mortality in children from 1 to 4 years of age have decreased sharply and are in line with those seen in other countries of the European Union, and in some cases Portugal shows more favorable values. The impact of these gains has translated into an increase in life expectancy at birth of 14.0 years for men and 14.4 years for women for the 45 years of observations made (1974-2014). Despite the gains in Portugal verified by this indicator, the difference in life expectancy with regard to the EU continues to be quite evident given the increase in mortality associated with certain diseases The gains in health are the result of the implementation of public policies that have allowed for increased public access to a wide range of goods and services (e.g. housing sanitation, transport, education), with particular note going to the organized health care initiatives regarding the Portuguese National Health Service. francaisCette etude a pour objectif de presenter les progres du systeme de sante portugais depuis les annees 1970, et de demontrer que cette evolution accompagne les 40 ans de democratie, l’integration du pays dans l’Union europeenne, l’investissement public en matiere de sante, et l’amelioration generale des conditions de vie de la population (logement, education, acces aux services publics). Le Portugal touche au terme d’une transition epidemiologique. Divers indicateurs de sante ayant trait aux maladies contagieuses, a la mortalite infantile, a la mortalite maternelle, a la mortalite perinatale et a la mortalite d’enfants entre 1 et 4 ans ont fortement regresse au point de rejoindre les resultats obtenus dans d’autres pays de l’Union europeenne, et de parfois les depasser dans certains cas specifiques. L’impact de ces benefices sur la sante se traduit dans la progression de l’esperance de vie, les hommes ayant gagne 14 ans et les femmes 14,4 ans, au cours de la periode analysee (40 ans - 1974-2014). Malgre les progres constates a travers cet indicateur, l’ecart entre le Portugal et les autres pays de l’UE reste evident et demontre l’urgence de faire diminuer la mortalite associee a certaines maladies. Les benefices sur la sante resultent de la mise en place de politiques publiques qui ont assure un meilleur acces a un ensemble de biens et de services (par exemple la salubrite des habitations, les transports publics, l’education), soulignant notamment l’importance de l’organisation des servi","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy changes in Portugal","authors":"A. Nunes","doi":"10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10113","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to assess the major changes in energy systems in Portugal during the last century, highlighting the changes that have taken place in recent decades. The relationship between energy production and consumption, the importance of the energy policy framework in reducing fossil fuel dependence, the increase in sustainable energy consumption through the use of renewable energy, and the consequent lowering of greenhouse gas emissions, are also analysed.Portugal in recent decades has had a high energy dependence, which increased from 60% at the beginning of the 1960s to over 80% during the 1990s and the early years of the 21st century. However the recent focus on renewable energy, mainly hydraulic and wind power generation has enabled the country to slightly reduce the hydrocarbon imports. Portugal is nowadays considered one of the most dynamic European countries in terms of development of renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46604988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of rural low density spaces in Portugal","authors":"Paulo Carvalho","doi":"10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10516","url":null,"abstract":"La realite rurale de l’Europe en general et du Portugal en particulier est complexe et heterogene. Si, d’une part, le declin et le vieillissement de la population residente et active dans les espaces ruraux, et la part de plus en plus reduite de l’agriculture dans l’economie sont des signes de deruralisation, des dynamiques positives sont par ailleurs evidentes. Ces dynamiques positives peuvent attenuer ou meme contrer (dans des cas particuliers) le processus de devitalisation, a travers l’application de nouvelles politiques et outils de developpement. \u0000Ce travail vise a analyser la dynamique des espaces ruraux portugais au cours des dernieres decennies, de l’agriculture aux agriculteurs en passant par les nouvelles activites et modes d’organisation des acteurs. Ces strategies relevent d’une vision integree du developpement territorial et visent a promouvoir lieux et paysages comme autant d’atouts a valoriser.","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44747841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in mainland Portuguese forest areas since the last decade of the XXth century","authors":"A. Bento-Gonçalves, A. Vieira, L. D. Vinha, Safa'Hamada","doi":"10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10025","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSelon les donnees de l'Institut de conservation de la nature et des forets, au Portugal la superficie que l’on pourrait potentiellement reserver a l’usage forestier serait d’environ 5,3 millions d'hectares (59,4 % du territoire). Toutefois, si l’on en croit le 6e inventaire forestier national, en date de 2010, la superficie reelle occupee par la foret est de 35,4 %. Dans cette etude, nous analysons l'evolution de l'usage des terres et l'occupation du sol dans la partie continentale du Portugal depuis la derniere decennie du vingtieme siecle, avec une attention particuliere pour les zones forestieres. EnglishAccording to data from the Forests and Nature Conservation Institute (ICNF), the potential land suitability in Portugal for forest use is estimated to be about 59.4% (5.3 million hectares). However, according to the 6th National Forest Inventory, published in 2010, the effective area occupied by forests is only 35.4%. In the present work, we analyze the evolution of land use in mainland Portugal since the last quarter of the twentieth century, with a particular focus on forest areas.","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44614487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les politiques hydrauliques et les modèles socio‑économiques d’aménagement de l’espace géographique dans l’Espagne de la dictature (1939‑1975)","authors":"Gabino Ponce Herrero","doi":"10.4000/mediterranee.8711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.8711","url":null,"abstract":"Des la fin du xixe siecle, l’evidence du retard economique de l’Espagne suscite l’interet de differents gouvernements en vue d’une exploitation de l’eau plus intensive (multiplication des infrastructures et augmentation des surfaces irriguees). Jusqu’au milieu du xxe siecle, plusieurs plans d’irrigation, et de colonisation en appui a la construction d’ouvrages hydrauliques sont elabores. Tres charges sur le plan sociopolitique, ces projets sont guides par un interventionnisme croissant, face aux reticences du secteur prive (agricole et industriel). Lors de la premiere etape du regime franquiste, marquee par l’autarcie, les politiques hydrauliques s’orientent vers l’extension des terres irriguees, tandis que la production d’hydroelectricite reste releguee a un secteur prive fortement reglemente. L’insertion progressive du regime dictatorial dans l’economie mondiale est suivie d’un changement de strategie de developpement socio‑economique : le gouvernement percoit le role important de l’energie electrique et se mue en producteur, en concurrence directe avec les compagnies privees.","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43416927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le futur espace hydraulique minervois","authors":"Emilie Lavie, M. Guillemot, Coralie Mangeret","doi":"10.4000/mediterranee.8656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.8656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49442398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cartographie de la vulnérabilité des communes de la baie d'Alger","authors":"W. Rabehi, Mokhtar Guerfi, H. Mahi","doi":"10.4000/mediterranee.8625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.8625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48973731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le cours moyen de l’oued El Faouara à Hammamet (Tunisie orientale)","authors":"A. Oueslati, Wissem Marzougui","doi":"10.4000/mediterranee.8332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.8332","url":null,"abstract":"L’oued El Faouara est, comme son nom l’indique en arabe, la source jaillissante, le lieu de differents points d’eau exploites depuis l’Antiquite. Cette exploitation s’est faite, sous les romains, par l’intermediaire d’un barrage et d’un systeme d’aqueducs qui constituent, de nos jours, des reperes interessants dans la reconstitution de l’evolution des paysages et plus particulierement de la dynamique des eaux courantes et des formes qui en ont resulte au cours des temps historiques, en particulier des terrasses alluviales. L’une de ces terrasses rappelle la « terrasse historique » evoquee dans differente publications et pourrait, de ce point de vue, paraitre sans originalite particuliere. Mais si elle nous a paru meriter de retenir l’attention, c’est a cause de sa localisation, de l’importance de son epaisseur, en comparaison avec la taille tres modeste du cours d’eau, et surtout de ses rapports avec les differents ouvrages de l’amenagement hydraulique et leur evolution dans le temps. Notre recherche apporte la preuve que cette terrasse s’est formee sous les yeux des anciens. La contemporaneite, jusqu’ici soupconnee mais non attestee par des donnees archeologiques directes en Tunisie, entre l’accumulation et les amenagements est prouvee. Cette recherche fournit, en meme temps, des elements interessants quant aux rapports qu’entretenaient les societes humaines avec leur milieu et leurs reactions aux contraintes liees a la dynamique de ce dernier. Cette publication met aussi en lumiere l’apport mutuel des l’archeologie et la geomorphologie. La premiere a aide a dater les depots et les formes. La seconde a permis de nouvelles precisions sur la chronologique relative des differents aqueducs et ce en considerant, en particulier, leur altitude, leur position par rapport au materiel de la terrasse ainsi que les materiaux accumules dans leurs canalisations.","PeriodicalId":38417,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranee","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42867527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}