{"title":"Deformation resistance in soft tissue cutting: a parametric study","authors":"T. Chanthasopeephan, J. Desai, A. Lau","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287216","url":null,"abstract":"Characterizing and modeling of soft tissue deformation during cutting is important for developing a reality based haptic interaction model for surgical training and simulation. In this study, soft tissue cutting experiments were performed (ex-vivo) while monitoring the cutting forces and blade displacement for various cutting speeds (ranging from 0.1cm/sec-2.54cm/sec) and cutting angles (for 0/spl deg/ and 45/spl deg/ cutting angle). The measured force-displacement curves in all cases exhibit a characteristic pattern: repeating units formed by a segment of linear loading (deformation of tissue) and immediately followed by a segment of sudden unloading (localized crack extension in the tissue). This paper addresses the characterization of the deformation resistance during the deformation segment. The variation of this deformation resistance with cutting parameters is also determined. The deformation resistance to the cutting blade was quantified via a quantity designed as the local effective modulus (LEM) of the tissue. For a given cutting speed, the deformation resistance decreases as the cutting angle is varied from 0/spl deg/ to 45/spl deg/. For each cutting angle, the deformation resistance decreases with cutting speed. The variation of deformation resistance versus cutting speed is linear at 0/spl deg/ cutting angle and is nonlinear at 45/spl deg/ cutting angle.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129017641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haptic feedback improves manual excitation of a sprung mass","authors":"F. Huang, R. Gillespie, A. Kuo","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287197","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an experiment in which human subjects were asked to manually excite a virtual sprung mass into resonance under various feedback conditions: visual, haptic or visual and haptic combined. We are interested in comparing the value of these feedback conditions in terms of their influence on the achievable performance in a dynamic task such as exciting a resonant mechanical system. From our human subject experiment (n=10), we found that with haptic feedback alone, subjects successfully excited the sprung mass into resonance. For the particular case of /spl omega//sub n/ = 7 rad/s, subjects demonstrated significantly larger differences between the observed and expected frequency distribution under vision-only (paired t-test: p=0.034) and haptics-only feedback conditions (paired t-test: p=0.021), as compared to combined vision with haptic feedback. Variability of key marker locations of input behavior were also significantly lower with both feedback channels than with either alone (paired t-tests: p<.0002). Our results show that haptic feedback can augment vision to produce significant improvements in the control of a dynamic system.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116717599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of human haptic size discrimination performance in simulated environments with varying levels of force and stiffness","authors":"G. Upperman, Atsushi Suzuki, M. O'Malley","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287193","url":null,"abstract":"The performance levels of human subjects in size discrimination experiments in virtual environments with varying levels of stiffness and force saturation are presented. The virtual environments are displayed with a Phantom desktop three degree-of-freedom haptic interface. Performance was measured at below maximum machine performance levels for two machine parameters: maximum endpoint force and maximum virtual surface stiffness. The tabulated scores for the size discrimination in the sub-optimal virtual environments, except for those of the lowest stiffness, 100 N/m, were found to be comparable to that in the highest-quality virtual environment. This supports previous claims that haptic interface hardware may be able to convey, for this perceptual task, sufficient perceptual information to the user with relatively low levels of machine quality in terms of these parameters, as long as certain minimum levels, 1.0 N force and 220 N/m stiffness, are met.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis Paljic, Jean-Marie Burkhardt, S. Coquillart
{"title":"Evaluation of pseudo-haptic feedback for simulating torque: a comparison between isometric and elastic input devices","authors":"Alexis Paljic, Jean-Marie Burkhardt, S. Coquillart","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287199","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigate whether pseudo-haptic feedback is suitable for simulating torque feedback. Pseudo-haptic feedback is based on the coupling of visual feedback and the internal resistance of an input device which passively reacts to the user's applied force. An experiment was conducted to evaluate this feedback and compare isometric and elastic input devices. It involved compliance discrimination between real torsion springs and pseudo-haptic simulated torsion springs. Results show that torque haptic feedback was successfully simulated, with a difference in performance between device types. The elastic device yielded better resolution but higher subjective distortion of perception compared to the isometric device. Results are discussed on the basis of user answers, answer time, and applied torque.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123102926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A perceptual study on haptic rendering of surface topography when both surface height and stiffness vary","authors":"L. Walker, H. Tan","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287188","url":null,"abstract":"This study is concerned with the distorted perception of surface topography when both surface height and surface stiffness vary. Three psychophysical experiments were conducted using virtual surfaces rendered with a force-feedback device. In Exp. 1, we found that the threshold for detecting a height difference between two adjacent planes was quite small (0.17-0.63 mm) and decreased as surface stiffness increased (0.4-1.0 N/mm). In Exp. II, we tested our force constancy hypothesis which stated that users maintained constant penetration forces while exploring haptic virtual surfaces. Data collected during lateral stroking of surfaces of varying stiffness supported this hypothesis. In Exp. III, subjects stroked two surfaces with a surface height difference of 2 mm (well above the thresholds obtained in Exp. I) and with varying stiffness values. Our results showed that the relative stiffness of the two surfaces dramatically affected subjects' ability to discriminate the height of these surfaces. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay of haptic rendering parameters. Future work will focus on the development of compensation rules for ensuring perceptual accuracy of haptic virtual environments.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130951177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haptic rendering of rigid body collisions","authors":"D. Constantinescu, S. Salcudean, E. Croft","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287171","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the haptic rendering of rigid body collisions. A new method is proposed in which collision rendering is achieved in two steps. First, the haptic simulation uses a contact model whose stiffness is infinite during collisions and finite during sustained contact. This model is combined with a passive collision resolution scheme to compute collision impulses when new contacts arise. Second, the impulses are applied to the user's hand by a controller that coordinates forces and positions between the virtual environment and the haptic interface. Haptic rendering of rigid body collisions imparts forces that generate large hand accelerations when new contacts arise without requiring increased contact stiffness and damping. Experiments with a planar rigid virtual world validate the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132976957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward event-based haptics: rendering contact using open-loop force pulses","authors":"Jesse D. Hwang, Michael D. Williams, G. Niemeyer","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287174","url":null,"abstract":"An event-based method is proposed to improve realism in haptic displays. Many interesting interactions, for example tapping on a stiff environment, are characterized by ringing and high-frequency force signals. Traditional closed loop controllers, however, do not generate much information between 300 Hz and 1 kHz, to which human users are very sensitive. We propose brief open-loop playback at these frequencies, triggered by appropriate events. As a first step in rendering contact with stiff virtual surfaces, we apply short force pulses that neutralize momentum as quickly as possible and bring the haptic device to rest. Experiments verify shorter penetration depths and higher effective stiffness compared to those of traditional displays. The pulses also provide high-frequency signals and improve the user's sense of touch. Event-based playback presents a substantial departure from traditional approaches, as high frequency forces are generated separately from low-frequency feedback. These forces are computed as functions of the contact event and conditions instead of the user's instantaneous state.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115368256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extending the friction cone algorithm for arbitrary polygon based haptic objects","authors":"N. Melder, W. Harwin","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287201","url":null,"abstract":"Most haptic environments are based on single point interactions whereas in practice, object manipulation requires multiple contact points between the object, fingers, thumb and palm. The friction cone algorithm was developed specifically to work well in a multi-finger haptic environment where object manipulation would occur. However, the friction cone algorithm has two shortcomings when applied to polygon meshes: there is no means of transitioning polygon boundaries or feeling non-convex edges. In order to overcome these deficiencies, face directed connection graphs have been developed as well as a robust method for applying friction to non-convex edges. Both these extensions are described herein, as well as the implementation issues associated with them.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131351673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teleoperation with sensor/actuator asymmetry: task performance with partial force feedback","authors":"Wagahta Semere, Masaya Kitagawa, A. Okamura","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287186","url":null,"abstract":"For practical application of force feedback in robot-assisted surgical systems, it may not be possible to match the number of degrees of freedom of position sensing and control with the degrees of freedom of force sensing and feedback. The goal of this experimental study is to determine the effect of such sensor/actuator asymmetry during bilateral telemanipulation. We examined the performance of two tool-based teleoperated tasks: (1) a task to push a cup through a series of poses and (2) a blunt dissection task using phantom tissues. Three different force feedback conditions were applied to a 3D teleoperation system: (1) 3D force feedback, (2) force feedback without the axial forces measured on the slave tool, and (3) no force feedback. The tasks were also performed manually using a hand-held stylus. Results show that the absence of measured axial forces does not create a statistically significant difference in the level of applied forces, in comparison with complete 3D force feedback. In addition, this partial force feedback is a significant improvement over teleoperation with no force feedback.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a tactile vest","authors":"L. Jones, M. Nakamura, B. Lockyer","doi":"10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTIC.2004.1287181","url":null,"abstract":"This research is focused on the development of a torso-based haptic display that can be used to present navigational cues to a human operator. The requirements for this display are that it can be worn on a mobile operator, is light weight and robust. Two tactile vests are being developed to meet these objectives, one based on small electric motors and the other on contractile shape-memory alloy (SMA) fibers. Four electromechanical actuators were evaluated for use in the vest and a small vibration motor was selected for the initial prototype. A 3/spl times/3 array was fabricated for psychophysical testing and positioned on the lower back. High accuracy in perceiving the direction of factor activation was achieved by all subjects in this task. A factor array based on SMA actuators was fabricated and tested and results indicate that this low-bandwidth device can generate tactile inputs on the torso that are perceptible.","PeriodicalId":384123,"journal":{"name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130809152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}