SAE Technical Papers最新文献

{"title":"Design and Investigation of Automatic Trash Collecting Machine for Industry","authors":"Balamurugan R, V Sudhir Kumar, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Sadhasivam Deepan Kumar","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0179","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Scrap collection from any location is handled with mortal interference in several places and companies which may be extremely harmful or even dangerous to humanity. The demand for robotization has risen rapidly in recent years, owing to cutting-edge technologies that minimize manpower and threat-taking training directly or indirectly. The main objective of the paper is to study, analyze, investigate the main contribution of waste collecting by workers while cleaning in the Mechanical Industry. In order to ensure the safety of the workers during cleaning we had implemented the Automatic Trash Collecting Machine in the industry. For Fabricating the Trash collecting Machine first we had analyzed the problem in the industry and then we had started the free hand sketch of Trash Collecting Machine. Then the design work of Automatic Trash Collecting Machine is done in the modeling software Catia V5. Then the material selection for our model has been done. We had taken the mild steel for the frame, 4 motors for the conveyor and the movement of the vehicle and a movable trash bin for the disposal of waste and a karcher brush for collecting the waste. Then for the Automatic motion we had used Node mc, IoT and the coding part has done for the model. Then the fabrication work for our model is done and finally the testing part for our model in the industry is demonstrated. After the implementation of the model in the industry the safety of the workers while cleaning has greatly increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Hybrid Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Material for Automotive Applications","authors":"Devaiah Malkapuram","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0131","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Industrialization concerns are stimulating research in development of new materials for automotive industries. Natural fibers which are available abundantly can be extracted naturally from environment. Preventing further pollutants on environment from depleting dwindling wood resources from forests and earth surface.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Natural fibers are derived from renewable sources, making them environmentally friendly. Their use in composites reduces dependence on non-renewable resources and helps lower the carbon footprint of automobiles. Natural fibers, such as hemp, jute, and flax are lightweight materials. By incorporating them into polymer composites, the overall weight of automobile components can be reduced, leading to improved fuel efficiency and lower emissions. Natural fibers are generally less expensive than synthetic fibers, incorporating natural fibers into polymer composites can help reduce material costs in automobile manufacturing. Natural fiber polymer composites can be recycled at the end of their life cycle, contributing to a more sustainable automotive industry.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">In this project work, we have opted Hemp and Short carbon as fiber composite and prepared three composites of Hemp, Short Carbon and hybrid composite of both fibers. The composites are prepared by employing Hand Lay-up technique and evaluated the Density, Water Absorption Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength of the Hemp, Short Carbon and Hemp/Short Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigational Analysis on Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Aluminium Based Composites by Taguchi’s Method","authors":"Manikandan Natarajan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, V Kumar, Jothi Kiruthika, R Silambarasan, PC Krishnamachary","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0075","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">A wide range of engineering domains, such as aeronautical, automobiles, and marine, rely on the use of Metal Matrix Composites (MMC). Due to the excellent properties, such as hardness and strength, Aluminum base MMC are generally adopted in various uses. Due to the increasing number of reinforcement materials being added to the MMC, its properties are expected to improve. In this exploratory analysis, an effort was given to develop a new aluminium-based MMC. The analysis of the machinability of the composite was also performed. The process of creating a new MMC using a stir casting technique was carried out. It resulted in a better and more reinforced composite than its base materials. The reinforcement materials were fabricated using different weight combinations and process parameters, such as the temperature and duration required to stir. Due to the improved properties of the composite, the traditional machining method is not feasible for machining of these materials. Wire Electro-Discharge Machining (WEDM) is commonly used for machining harder materials and especially for making intricate shapes. The machining has been performed through the use of pulse on, a pulse off, and an applied current. The experiments conducted under the supervision of Taguchi are designed to be performed according to the specified parameters and outputs. These variables are considered to be important in improving the performance of the process. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been adopted to examine the significance of the various factors on the preferred output. The results of this study can help the manufacturer improve the performance of the WEDM process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Electric Mobility: The Latest Breakthroughs in Tyre Design","authors":"Jeyakumar Krishnakumar, Jaiganesh Subbian, Midhunkrishna C S","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The increasing demand for electric mobility has brought about significant advancements in tyre design. This paper covers the latest developments in tyre design that cater specifically to the needs of electric vehicles (EVs). EVs have unique performance characteristics that place greater emphasis on tyre requirements like High traction, Wear resistance, Low Cavity &amp;amp; pattern noise, Low Rolling resistance and High load carrying capacity. Hence, the tyre manufacturers have been working relentlessly to create advanced designs that can meet these requirements.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">This paper will cover various aspects of tyre design, including tyre cavity, tread patterns, sidewall design, compound &amp;amp; reinforcement design, and various construction techniques. The tyre cavity and tread pattern play a crucial role in the overall performance of an EV. The new tyre cavity with flat tread and adaptive tread pattern are optimized to provide low rolling resistance, pattern noise reduction and enhanced dry and wet traction. Additionally, the use of advanced materials such as high-performance functionalized polymers and high tenacity reinforcements has led to the creation of low rolling resistance, lightweight and durable tyres that can withstand high power, acceleration, and braking torque on driving wheels of EVs. Furthermore, the construction techniques of EV tyres have also seen significant improvements for durability to handle heavy battery packs. In addition, this paper also highlights various enabling technology like the use of foam technology for cavity noise reduction and Sealant technology for Extended mobility.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">In conclusion, this paper showcases the recent advancements in tyre design for EVs. The advancements in tyre design have enabled tyre manufacturers to create bespoke designs that cater to the specific needs of each EV model. These developments are crucial in promoting the adoption of electric mobility and improving the overall driving experience for EV users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"21 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Control Cable Modeling and Simulation to Predict the Load Loss and Deformation","authors":"Prasanna Balaji Subbaiyan, Balaramakrishna Nizampatnam, Dinesh Redkar, Anand Sathusundarsingh, Balakrishnan Muniappan","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0168","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Mechanical control cables or Bowden cables are widely used in various applications for push-pull actions of mechanical systems. In mid-segment tractors, the linkage systems are designed along with control cables to actuate controls such as throttle, braking, transmission shift, position control, etc. due to its design flexibility. Output force and travel efficiency are two major performance parameters that depend on the routing, cable design composition, friction material, load transfer, etc. Virtual simulations can be used to predict cable performance and efficiency. There are different methodologies currently used to model the cable. These available methods can accurately predict either performance or travel efficiency. There is no method available in-house to predict both these parameters.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">In this paper, a new cable modeling method is proposed by authors using multi-body simulation (MBS) software MSC ADAMS. Outer composite cable sheath and translating wire are modeled using flex-body model neutral file (*mnf) generated from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS. These flex-bodies are uniquely connected to represent the entire cable. This modeling method is used for predicting cable performance.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">To validate this method, the U-Bend test and tractor-level tests are performed to study cable force and travel on input and output ends. The correlation between measured and virtual simulation results is above 85%. This method can be used to model and analyze cable efficiency and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of an IPMSM Drive and Investigation of the Torque Ripple and THD with SVPWM and SPWM","authors":"Sabarinathan Sannasi, Venkata Dhanababu Govvala, Markus Deutel","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0090","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Electric vehicles (EV) require an electric motor with a better power density, greater efficiency, a wide constant power area, ease of control, and low costs. A real time control adapted electric motor design is necessary to meet these criteria. In this work, interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) design was created from Ansys rotating machine expert and 2D model was developed in Ansys Maxwell based on various design parameters for the rotor and stator configuration, and the electromagnetic (EM) simulations are carried out in accordance with the essential required EV characteristics. Using Ansys Twin Builder, a model was made for the drive circuit, proportional integral (PI) speed controller, speed references, rotor position detection, and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) / sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) are used. This method demonstrates the investigation of the torque ripple and total hormonic distortion (THD) and shows the influence of SVPWM and SPWM techniques on torque ripple and THD. To realistically reflect the performance of the drive, coupled simulation of the IPMSM motor and drive with vector control system is used to analyze the IPMSM drive system through Ansys maxwell and Ansys Twin Builder environment during EM analysis. The simulation outcomes demonstrate the high feasibility of motor design and control strategy, that delivers the intended result and quick response with minimal torque ripple and distortion. According to the simulation findings at 10kHz, SVPWM technique has torque ripple 12.4% and THD in the input current and voltage to the motor are 4.0 and 38.4% respectively. But SPWM has torque ripple 28.5% and input current and voltage THD are 6.8 and 42.6% respectively. Investigation shows SVPWM method is more practical and effective for producing sine waves that deliver higher voltage and current to the load with minimal torque ripple and harmonic distortion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Silicon Carbide Dispersed Steel Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process","authors":"Harshavardhana Natarajan, Akash Vincent","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0126","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">High-strength steel has several industrial applications such as automobile, tool and die, construction industries etc. However, it is challenging to achieve it. Various strengthening mechanisms, such as dispersion strengthening, alloying, grain boundary strengthening etc., plays a vital role in deciding the properties of the steel. At the industrial level, high-strength steel is produced by adding alloying elements such as Tungsten, Chromium, and Molybdenum in the steel matrix, increasing the high-strength steel cost. On the other hand, Wire Arc Additive manufacturing (WAAM) can produce dispersion strengthening in steel to mimic the properties of a high-strength steel matrix. The WAAM is a relatively low-cost additive manufacturing technology which uses a welding process to build up layers of material to fabricate the finished product. We have dispersed hard silicon carbide (SiC) particles in the mild steel matrix using the WAAM process in this work. SiC-dispersed steel's hardness is 28% higher than mild steel samples prepared by the WAAM process. The SEM micrograph shows the presence of dispersion of SiC in the steel matrix, which increases hardness compared to mild steel samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Approach to Predict Bead Height and Width in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Sample","authors":"Akash Vincent, Harshavardhana Natarajan","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0145","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a type of 3D printing technology which build up layer by layer material using welding to create a finished product. To this extent, we have developed the machine learning approach using the KNN regression model to predict the bead’s height and width of the E71T1 mild steel sample by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). We have conducted a systematic experimental study by varying the process parameters such as Voltage (V), Current (A) and wire feed rate (f), and the corresponding output value: height, and width of the bead are recorded. A total of 195 experiments were conducted, and the corresponding output values were noted. From the experimental data, 80% data was used to train the model, and 20% was used for testing the model. Further, the model’s accuracy was predicted using an independent set of test samples. This approach will enable us to efficiently identify the optimal set of process parameters at a short time duration and reduce the traditional experimental methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Drilling Parameters of Sesbaniarostrata Fiber Reinforced Polycaprolactone Biodegradable Polyester Resin Composites","authors":"K Raja, Karthik A, MS Senthil Kumar, Sampath P S","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0073","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The requirement of the current scenario is to identify the sustainable material and process it into acceptable properties for current applications. The natural fiber is a prime sustainable material having the properties of biodegradability, plenty of availability, economical and adequate physical-mechanical property. Sesbania rostrata fiber is extracted from the stem of Sesbania rostrata plant which is cultivated along with Turmeric plants on 1000 acres annually as a nitrogen fixation plant. The fiber-reinforced composite is a tailor made material by altering the fiber and polymer weight proportion to achieve desired properties for applications. The natural fiber is a promising material to replace synthetic fiber to transform the composite into biodegradable. The making of holes in the biocomposite by the secondary process is essential for the assembly operation. The biocomposite was developed by reinforced Sesbania rostrata fiber in Polycaprolactone (PCL) biopolymer at the weight ratio of 20:80 and the mechanical properties and drilling parameters were investigated. The tensile, flexural and impact strength of the biocomposite was increased by 68%, 28% and 20.6% respectively compared with PCL biopolymer. The biocomposite was drilled by 4 mm at spindle speeds of 300, 750, and 1800 rpm with feed rates of 0.05, 0.12, and 0.25 mm/rev to evaluate the thrust force and delamination properties. The results showed that increasing spindle speed and feed rate resulted in higher thrust force and increased delamination in the composites. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanical properties and drilling behaviour of Sesbania rostrata fiber reinforced Polycaprolactone biodegradable composite and their potential use in various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Exergy Analysis of CI Engines with Hydrogen Injection for Enhanced Performance","authors":"Praveena V, Deborah Stephen, Rajarajeswari R, Phavan Kumaar J S","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0129","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">This study aims to investigate the effect of hydrogen injection on the performance and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine running on biodiesel. The tests are performed on a single-cylinder CI engine cooled by water, operating at a consistent speed of 1500 rpm. The torque load range varies from 0.01 kg to 18 kg, and hydrogen injection rates range from 4 litres per minute (lpm) to 10 lpm. The study focuses on evaluating the impact of hydrogen injection on various performance metrics, including exergetic efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and exhaust gas temperature. The findings reveal that hydrogen injection significantly improves the performance of the biodiesel-run CI engine. The highest improvement is observed at a hydrogen injection rate of 10 lpm, which results in a 5% decrease in BSFC, a 6% increase in brake thermal efficiency, and an exergetic efficiency of 25.3%. Furthermore, exergy analysis is conducted to assess the contribution of different components, such as shaft work, cooling water, exhaust gas availability, and entropy generation. The results demonstrate that hydrogen injection can be an effective strategy for enhancing the performance and sustainability of CI engines powered by biodiesel. Overall, this research provides information about the potential advantages of hydrogen injection for CI engines powered by biodiesel. The findings of this study will be useful for future investigations and creation of sustainable engine technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}