SAE Technical Papers最新文献

{"title":"Design and Thermal Analysis of Battery Thermal Management System for EV","authors":"Sadhasivam Deepan Kumar, Vishnu Ramesh Kumar R, Devadoss Dinesh Kumar, R Manojkumar, Tamilselvan A, Boopathi M, Lokesh C","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0087","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Controlling thermal dissipation by operating components in car batteries requires a heat management design that is of utmost importance. As a proactive cooling method, the usage of PCM (Phase Change Materials) to regulate battery module temperature is suggested. Even at lower flow rates, liquid cooling has a heat transfer coefficient that is 1.5–3 times better. The rate of global cell production has increased today from 4,000 to 100,000 cells per day. Future-proof Li (metal) battery chemistry with a 3x increase in energy density. Ineffective thermal management of the battery is the root of the issue. In order to optimise battery modules, it is important to identify likely failure modes and causes. The medium used to carry heat from the battery over its passage duration at various operating temperatures is a variety of phase-change materials. The latent heat is significant, and many vegetable fats derived from fatty acids are more effective than salt hydrates and paraffin. Melting temperatures range between -30 and 150 degrees Celsius. As a result of optimisation, the root mean square temperature between batteries was reduced by 13.3% when compared to the primary battery temperature control system. In our work, we describe techniques for enhancing temperature uniformity and cooling in a simple pack battery. Four distinct battery pack combinations are in the works. In the first concept, an intake plenum is added to a standard battery pack. In the second design, jet inlets are integrated with the inlet plenum, and multiple vortex generators are included with the inlet plenum in the third configuration. Finally, the battery pack in the fourth iteration contains an intake plenum, jet inlets, and many vortex generators. The results reveal that integrating an intake plenum, several vortex generators, and jet inlets in the same design yielded significant improvements. According to the findings, the maximum temperature of the battery pack is reduced by 5%, and the temperature differential between the greatest and lowest temperatures recorded by the battery pack is reduced by 21.5 percent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization of Laser Cutting Process on Al 7075 Metal Matrix Composites for Automobile Applications","authors":"S. Leela Prasanna Lakshmi, K Prahlada Rao","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0077","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Aluminum is preferred as a material for matrix composites due to its high technical characteristics and low density. Due to its stiffness, specific strength, and wear resistance, MMCs are being widely used in various automotive applications. Due to its high strength and toughness, Al 7075 is a widely used heat treatable aluminum alloy. It is also used in the car and aerospace industries. B4C is a highly attractive reinforcing material due to its thermal and chemical stability. Compared to other reinforcements such as SiC and Al2O3, B4C has a higher hardness and lower density. The proposed technique is based on the L27 orthogonal array design of Taguchi. The laser cutting process was designed to optimize the input parameters of the given process, such as the cutting speed, pulse width, and frequency. The two response parameters, the surface roughness and the MRR, were then analyzed using the ANFIS technique. It was also used to find the optimal set of parameters while dealing with the uncertainty of the data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Temperature on Synchronizer Ring Performance","authors":"Barathi Raja K, Aneesh Kumar","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The brass synchronizers are not resistant to abusive conditions of gearbox operations, but they are very durable and cheap when used on their favorable material property working limit. The main failure which can occur in the gearbox due to the synchronizer is crash noise. During gear shifting the gear crash will create high discomfort for the driver and must apply high force to change the gears. The main factors which contribute to the crash phenomenon are the insufficient coefficient of friction, high drag in the system, and high wear rate of the synchronizer rings before the intended design life of the synchronizer.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The brass synchronizers were tested on the SSP-180, ZF synchronizer test rig to know the effect of the synchronizer performance parameters like the coefficient of friction, sleeve force, slipping time as well as durability parameters like wear rate when the operating temperature of the oil is changed. This study will help to predict the impulse behavior, surface pressure, and power of the brass material and oil for enhancing the endurance life of the synchronizer.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The effect of gearbox oil drag induced on the synchronizer system in different temperature conditions is also studied in this research work. This helps to reduce the contribution of the drivetrain losses of the gearbox, and it will also give the better shift quality. The wear rate analysis makes it possible to predict the warranty life of the gearbox in the design phase itself. In the case of shift quality, it was identified that the presence of the drag is creating the speed difference between the gear and synchronizer hub. This is creating a gear clash noise when shifted at a slow speed. The data was captured at low temperatures and high temperatures. It was found that the increase in the temperature helps in reducing the drag locally which allows smoother gear shift without speed difference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil in DI Diesel Engine to Analyze Performance and Emission Characteristics","authors":"Jilse Sebastian, Sachin Jose, Anandhu Vijayakumar","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0062","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Disposal of non-biodegradable plastic waste is one of the major hindrances for many countries. The research works in area of plastic waste management expands almost like every day. The conversion of waste to energy recovery is one of the promising techniques found to manage the waste plastic. Waste plastics have the dominating factor for fuel production since they have good heat of combustion and also their growing availability. The present work examines the potential of using blends of plastic oil (PO) with diesel in a direct injection diesel engine. The plastic oil is synthesized through pyrolysis process from mixed plastic waste, which has got more potential for scalable implementations. The present work includes the production of PO, characterization of the produced PO, performance and emission testing in a single cylinder four stroke VCR multi fuel engine. The engine is fueled with blends of plastic oil with diesel. Four blends of plastic oil with diesel (5% PO, 10% PO, 15% PO and 20% PO) are prepared on a volumetric basis. The test results show that brake thermal efficiency of blends is lower compared to diesel. Yet 10% PO shows similar performance to that of diesel fueled operation. The regulated emissions are reduced considerably when compared to Diesel fueling. Among all the test compositions, 10% PO shows better emission characteristics. 10% PO shows lower unburned hydrocarbon, CO, CO₂ and smoke compared to other test fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machinability Investigations on Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Using Taguchi Method for Auto Parts","authors":"Thejasree Pasupuleti, Manikandan Natarajan, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Lakshmi Narayana Somsole, Jothi Kiruthika, R Silambarasan","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0144","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Titanium alloys are deemed as one amongst the light weight material most preferably adopted in numerous engineering applications due to its exceptional features such as corrosive resistance and thermal strength. These alloys are predominantly used in components of IC engines such as valves and springs, connecting rods. Especially Ti-Grade 5 adopted in aircraft, automobile parts ski plates and bicycles. The preliminary goal of this present research is to optimize the machining variables for Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) to accomplish improved rate of material removal and surface finish. Taguchi’s design and analysis method was chosen for devising and examining the experiments by considering input factors (pulse duration and current). An L9 OA was utilized for experimentation to analyze the various output variables, such as surface finish and material removal rate, using the response analysis of Taguchi. ANOVA and interaction analysis also performed to reveal the significance of factors and their interaction effects. The findings of this explorative analysis will helpful for the manufactures to improve the machining performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD Analysis of Fuel Tank to Reduce Liquid Sloshing","authors":"Prasad Nallanukala, Lokavarapu Bhaskara Rao, Sainath Alampally, Sayan Biswas, Prathamesh Dehadray","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0084","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">This paper demonstrates the sloshing phenomena of a cylindrical tank with and without baffles. The main objective of this study is to design baffles of different configurations to reduce sloshing in a cylindrical tank partially filled with gasoil-liquid subjected to only longitudinal acceleration and deceleration. Two different baffle designs have been introduced in the present study. A 3-D transient analysis of a cylindrical tank was carried out using ANSYS-FLUENT with and without baffles. Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used to study the free surface profile of the fluid in the considered tank. Pressure distribution, velocity distribution and force distribution have been studied in the present study. It has been observed that the new design of baffle was able to reduce sloshing effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Regression and Neural Network Models on Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Nickel Based Superalloy","authors":"Manikandan Natarajan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Jothi Kiruthika, R Silambarasan, Gowthami Kotapati","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0078","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">In addition to traditional methods, there are also non-traditional techniques that can be used to overcome the challenges of conventional metal working. One such technique is wire electrical discharge (WEDM). This type of advanced manufacturing process involves making complex shapes using materials. Utilizing intelligent tools can help a company meet its goals. Nickel is a hard metal to machine for various applications such as nuclear, automobile and aerospace. Due its high thermal conductivity and strength, traditional methods are not ideal when it comes to producing components using this material. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the various steps in the development of a neural network model for the manufacturing of Inconel 625 alloy which is used for specific applications such as exhaust couplings in sports motor vehicle engines. The study was conducted using a combination of computational and experimental methods. It was then used to develop an index that measures the correlation between various process variables. After analyzing the results of the study, a set of equations was then created to forecast the future performance of a manufacturing process. The parameters used in the study were then updated to create a new multi-performance index prediction model. The results of the study were then used to develop an equation set that can be utilized to forecast the future performance. A comparative analysis was performed between the two sets of equations. After analyzing the results, the neural network model was found to perform better than the multi-performance index.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Grey Taguchi Method for Optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Stir Casted Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"K.Lakshmi Kala, R L Krupakaran, Vidyasagar Reddy Gangula, Hariprasad Tarigonda, Raghurami Reddy Doddipalli, B. Vishnu Vardhan Naidu, Damodara Reddy","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0152","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Composites made of aluminium and other materials are now essential materials for a variety of engineering tasks, including those in the automotive industry. The present work reports on the machinability studies of Al 6061 hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC). For the investigation, Al6061 alloy is reinforced with Boron carbide and Graphene nanoparticles (GNp) and the hybrid composite was prepared by stir casting under suitable conditions. The Electrical discharge machining (EDM), advanced machining process, was chosen to machine HMMC as it is difficult to machine by conventional machining. EDM machinablity studies were done on stir casted Al-B₄C-GNP composites. The optimization of EDM process parameters were carried out using L27 orthogonal approach with input parameters such as pulse on time, pulse off time and peak current for the response of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness. To identify the significance of parameters on measured responses, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been done using Grey-Taguchi method and the most influential parameters for the output responses were determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Modelling and Simulation of Adaptable Marine and Terrestrial Cleaner","authors":"V Sudhir Kumar, Balamurugan R, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Manikandan Natarajan","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0165","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">An oil spill refers to the accidental or deliberate release of petroleum or other petroleum-based products into the environment. These spills can occur on land or in water bodies, such as oceans, rivers, or lakes, and can have devastating impacts on the environment, wildlife, and human health. Oil spills can harm aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by contaminating water and soil, and by affecting the food chain. They can also cause economic losses, such as the loss of fisheries, tourism, and property values. Cleaning up oil spills can be a difficult and expensive process, and the effectiveness of the response can depend on various factors, such as the type and amount of oil spilled, weather conditions, and proximity to sensitive ecosystems. Preventing oil spills is critical to minimizing their impacts. This can be achieved through measures such as regular maintenance of oil transport and storage facilities, the use of double- hulled tankers, and the implementation of emergency response plans.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Additionally, reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and transitioning to cleaner sources of energy can help to decrease the risks of oil spills. We have given an ideal proposal to clear the oil spills in the marine region and in the seashore to avoid massive pollution in the ecosystem and to provide a clean environment. In our idea proposal, we have planned to combine the road cleaning system with the oil spill cleaning system, so that it can be used for dual purposes and to clean in an efficient manner. This proposed invention aims to combine the functions of both oil skimmers and road sweeper machines into a single machine. The machine will be capable of removing oil spills from water surfaces as well as collecting debris and dust from roads and other surfaces. The design will utilize existing technologies and adapt them for this combined purpose, resulting in a more efficient and cost-effective solution for environmental clean-up and maintenance. This work highlights the potential benefits of this innovation, including increased productivity and reduced environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Optimization of Solar Energy Harvesting Using Perovskite Solar Cell for Electric Vehicles Using Finite Element Method","authors":"Geetha P","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0095","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Excellent charge-carrier mobilities and life time of perovskite materials enables it with exceptional light absorption capacity. This provides improved device potential and performance with low-cost commercially feasible technology. The challenges towards handling the perovskite cells are its strength and its environmentally compatible property. Resolving these issues leads perovskite-based technology to hold an innovative potential for quick terawatt-scale solar power distribution. In this line, Organic Photovoltaic is a fast developing PV technology with improved the cell efficiency and life time performance. As organic Photovoltaic cell is available in mulit-colours and can be used to build transparent devices, it finds its application in building-integrated Organic Photovoltaic fair. Optimization of device physics, charge-transport methods, charge-separation procedures, and interfacial effects, would enable the development of stable, more effective device architectures. In this direction, multi-physics simulation software based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to determine the electrical performance of the device. It is constructed on materials with enhanced energy-level orientation, spectrum responsiveness, and carrier transport properties, leading to the design of more effective, reliable device architectures. In this work, hybrid perovskite semiconductor based 2D Organic Photovoltaic cell is developed using finite element method that can be applied on the roof of the electric vehicles for photo energy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}