SAE Technical Papers最新文献

{"title":"2025 International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure and Engineering (ICTIE 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.4271/2025-99-0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-99-0300","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">TOC</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Catalyst Coating Strategy on NOx Reduction and Passive Soot Oxidation for Selective Catalytic Oxidation-Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst on Diesel Particulate Filter","authors":"Yingjie Chen, Piqiang Tan, Chaojie Yao, Diming Lou, Zhiyuan Hu, Wenming Yang","doi":"10.4271/2025-01-8490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-8490","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Selective catalytic oxidation/reduction catalysts coated on diesel particulate filters (SDPF) are an important technology route to meet next-stage emission regulations. The previous research of the research group showed that compared with SDPF coated with Cu-SSZ-13, the SDPF coated with novel selective catalytic oxidation-selective catalytic reduction (SCO-SCR) catalyst, which combined MnO<sub>2</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu-SSZ-13, can simultaneously improve NOx reduction and soot oxidation performance. Catalyst coating strategy is an important parameter affecting the performance of SDPF. In this study, the effects of different coating strategies of SCO-SCR catalysts (C25, C50, C75, and C100) on the performance of NOx reduction and soot oxidation in SDPF were investigated. The results show that, as the inlet gas temperature increases, NO emissions first decrease and then increase, NOx conversion efficiency first increases and then decreases, and the rich-NO<sub>2</sub> area, NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation rate, N<sub>2</sub>O, CO, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and pressure drop increase. By expanding the catalyst coating area, the NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation rate, NOx conversion efficiency, NO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CO, CO<sub>2</sub> emission and pressure drop of filter wall all increased, the pressure drop of soot cake layer and NO emissions decreased. When the temperature is 450 °C, there are rich-NO<sub>2</sub> areas at both the front end and rear end of C100. The 25% area at the rear end of the filter wall coated with SCO-SCR catalyst can increase NOx conversion efficiency and soot regeneration efficiency. While the impact on N<sub>2</sub>O generation is small. Still, it will lead to excessive NO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The increased magnitude in NOx conversion efficiency and soot regeneration efficiency decease as the catalyst coating area expands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Spray Washing with Lagrangian Differencing Dynamics","authors":"Д. О. Панов, Huaxiang Zhu, Josip Bašić, Lingran Zhang, Vrajesh Champaneriya, Roozbeh Saghatchi, Chong Peng, Akhilesh Kotian, Yuya Ando","doi":"10.4271/2025-01-8635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-8635","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Spray washing is commonly used in car manufacturing to clean and prepare surfaces for subsequent processes like coating and painting. It uses high-pressure spray to deliver cleaning solutions or water onto vehicle surfaces to remove dirt, oils, metal shavings, and contaminants. For optimal washing quality, it is important to have proper nozzle arrangements, spray configuration, and vehicle positioning. Numerical simulations can be used to minimize the trial-and-error process and improve the quality. Spray washing involves strong discontinuities, fragmentation, violent free-surface changes, and complex multiphase flow, which are difficult to simulate using conventional grid-based methods. Lagrangian differencing dynamics (LDD) is a novel numerical method which has the features of being Lagrangian, meshless, and second-order accurate. It employs a meshless finite difference approximation scheme over scattered points and solves the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in an implicit way. It is suitable for spray simulation because of the Lagrangian and meshless properties. In this work, the spray washing free airless jet validation and simulation of a car body is performed using LDD approach. The LDD solver can accurately predict the cone angle of an airless water jet with a deviation of less than 1.3° from the experimental value. Important information, including fluid reachability and water contact time are obtained from the simulation and the results are analyzed. The influence of nozzle arrangement and configuration are discussed. The final section presents the result of optimizing the nozzles arrangement, which allows achieving complete washing of the car body.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Thermal Analysis of Battery Thermal Management System for EV","authors":"Sadhasivam Deepan Kumar, Vishnu Ramesh Kumar R, Devadoss Dinesh Kumar, R Manojkumar, Tamilselvan A, Boopathi M, Lokesh C","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0087","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Controlling thermal dissipation by operating components in car batteries requires a heat management design that is of utmost importance. As a proactive cooling method, the usage of PCM (Phase Change Materials) to regulate battery module temperature is suggested. Even at lower flow rates, liquid cooling has a heat transfer coefficient that is 1.5–3 times better. The rate of global cell production has increased today from 4,000 to 100,000 cells per day. Future-proof Li (metal) battery chemistry with a 3x increase in energy density. Ineffective thermal management of the battery is the root of the issue. In order to optimise battery modules, it is important to identify likely failure modes and causes. The medium used to carry heat from the battery over its passage duration at various operating temperatures is a variety of phase-change materials. The latent heat is significant, and many vegetable fats derived from fatty acids are more effective than salt hydrates and paraffin. Melting temperatures range between -30 and 150 degrees Celsius. As a result of optimisation, the root mean square temperature between batteries was reduced by 13.3% when compared to the primary battery temperature control system. In our work, we describe techniques for enhancing temperature uniformity and cooling in a simple pack battery. Four distinct battery pack combinations are in the works. In the first concept, an intake plenum is added to a standard battery pack. In the second design, jet inlets are integrated with the inlet plenum, and multiple vortex generators are included with the inlet plenum in the third configuration. Finally, the battery pack in the fourth iteration contains an intake plenum, jet inlets, and many vortex generators. The results reveal that integrating an intake plenum, several vortex generators, and jet inlets in the same design yielded significant improvements. According to the findings, the maximum temperature of the battery pack is reduced by 5%, and the temperature differential between the greatest and lowest temperatures recorded by the battery pack is reduced by 21.5 percent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization of Laser Cutting Process on Al 7075 Metal Matrix Composites for Automobile Applications","authors":"S. Leela Prasanna Lakshmi, K Prahlada Rao","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0077","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Aluminum is preferred as a material for matrix composites due to its high technical characteristics and low density. Due to its stiffness, specific strength, and wear resistance, MMCs are being widely used in various automotive applications. Due to its high strength and toughness, Al 7075 is a widely used heat treatable aluminum alloy. It is also used in the car and aerospace industries. B4C is a highly attractive reinforcing material due to its thermal and chemical stability. Compared to other reinforcements such as SiC and Al2O3, B4C has a higher hardness and lower density. The proposed technique is based on the L27 orthogonal array design of Taguchi. The laser cutting process was designed to optimize the input parameters of the given process, such as the cutting speed, pulse width, and frequency. The two response parameters, the surface roughness and the MRR, were then analyzed using the ANFIS technique. It was also used to find the optimal set of parameters while dealing with the uncertainty of the data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Temperature on Synchronizer Ring Performance","authors":"Barathi Raja K, Aneesh Kumar","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The brass synchronizers are not resistant to abusive conditions of gearbox operations, but they are very durable and cheap when used on their favorable material property working limit. The main failure which can occur in the gearbox due to the synchronizer is crash noise. During gear shifting the gear crash will create high discomfort for the driver and must apply high force to change the gears. The main factors which contribute to the crash phenomenon are the insufficient coefficient of friction, high drag in the system, and high wear rate of the synchronizer rings before the intended design life of the synchronizer.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The brass synchronizers were tested on the SSP-180, ZF synchronizer test rig to know the effect of the synchronizer performance parameters like the coefficient of friction, sleeve force, slipping time as well as durability parameters like wear rate when the operating temperature of the oil is changed. This study will help to predict the impulse behavior, surface pressure, and power of the brass material and oil for enhancing the endurance life of the synchronizer.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The effect of gearbox oil drag induced on the synchronizer system in different temperature conditions is also studied in this research work. This helps to reduce the contribution of the drivetrain losses of the gearbox, and it will also give the better shift quality. The wear rate analysis makes it possible to predict the warranty life of the gearbox in the design phase itself. In the case of shift quality, it was identified that the presence of the drag is creating the speed difference between the gear and synchronizer hub. This is creating a gear clash noise when shifted at a slow speed. The data was captured at low temperatures and high temperatures. It was found that the increase in the temperature helps in reducing the drag locally which allows smoother gear shift without speed difference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil in DI Diesel Engine to Analyze Performance and Emission Characteristics","authors":"Jilse Sebastian, Sachin Jose, Anandhu Vijayakumar","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0062","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Disposal of non-biodegradable plastic waste is one of the major hindrances for many countries. The research works in area of plastic waste management expands almost like every day. The conversion of waste to energy recovery is one of the promising techniques found to manage the waste plastic. Waste plastics have the dominating factor for fuel production since they have good heat of combustion and also their growing availability. The present work examines the potential of using blends of plastic oil (PO) with diesel in a direct injection diesel engine. The plastic oil is synthesized through pyrolysis process from mixed plastic waste, which has got more potential for scalable implementations. The present work includes the production of PO, characterization of the produced PO, performance and emission testing in a single cylinder four stroke VCR multi fuel engine. The engine is fueled with blends of plastic oil with diesel. Four blends of plastic oil with diesel (5% PO, 10% PO, 15% PO and 20% PO) are prepared on a volumetric basis. The test results show that brake thermal efficiency of blends is lower compared to diesel. Yet 10% PO shows similar performance to that of diesel fueled operation. The regulated emissions are reduced considerably when compared to Diesel fueling. Among all the test compositions, 10% PO shows better emission characteristics. 10% PO shows lower unburned hydrocarbon, CO, CO₂ and smoke compared to other test fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machinability Investigations on Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Using Taguchi Method for Auto Parts","authors":"Thejasree Pasupuleti, Manikandan Natarajan, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Lakshmi Narayana Somsole, Jothi Kiruthika, R Silambarasan","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0144","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Titanium alloys are deemed as one amongst the light weight material most preferably adopted in numerous engineering applications due to its exceptional features such as corrosive resistance and thermal strength. These alloys are predominantly used in components of IC engines such as valves and springs, connecting rods. Especially Ti-Grade 5 adopted in aircraft, automobile parts ski plates and bicycles. The preliminary goal of this present research is to optimize the machining variables for Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) to accomplish improved rate of material removal and surface finish. Taguchi’s design and analysis method was chosen for devising and examining the experiments by considering input factors (pulse duration and current). An L9 OA was utilized for experimentation to analyze the various output variables, such as surface finish and material removal rate, using the response analysis of Taguchi. ANOVA and interaction analysis also performed to reveal the significance of factors and their interaction effects. The findings of this explorative analysis will helpful for the manufactures to improve the machining performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD Analysis of Fuel Tank to Reduce Liquid Sloshing","authors":"Prasad Nallanukala, Lokavarapu Bhaskara Rao, Sainath Alampally, Sayan Biswas, Prathamesh Dehadray","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0084","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">This paper demonstrates the sloshing phenomena of a cylindrical tank with and without baffles. The main objective of this study is to design baffles of different configurations to reduce sloshing in a cylindrical tank partially filled with gasoil-liquid subjected to only longitudinal acceleration and deceleration. Two different baffle designs have been introduced in the present study. A 3-D transient analysis of a cylindrical tank was carried out using ANSYS-FLUENT with and without baffles. Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used to study the free surface profile of the fluid in the considered tank. Pressure distribution, velocity distribution and force distribution have been studied in the present study. It has been observed that the new design of baffle was able to reduce sloshing effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Regression and Neural Network Models on Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Nickel Based Superalloy","authors":"Manikandan Natarajan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Jothi Kiruthika, R Silambarasan, Gowthami Kotapati","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0078","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">In addition to traditional methods, there are also non-traditional techniques that can be used to overcome the challenges of conventional metal working. One such technique is wire electrical discharge (WEDM). This type of advanced manufacturing process involves making complex shapes using materials. Utilizing intelligent tools can help a company meet its goals. Nickel is a hard metal to machine for various applications such as nuclear, automobile and aerospace. Due its high thermal conductivity and strength, traditional methods are not ideal when it comes to producing components using this material. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the various steps in the development of a neural network model for the manufacturing of Inconel 625 alloy which is used for specific applications such as exhaust couplings in sports motor vehicle engines. The study was conducted using a combination of computational and experimental methods. It was then used to develop an index that measures the correlation between various process variables. After analyzing the results of the study, a set of equations was then created to forecast the future performance of a manufacturing process. The parameters used in the study were then updated to create a new multi-performance index prediction model. The results of the study were then used to develop an equation set that can be utilized to forecast the future performance. A comparative analysis was performed between the two sets of equations. After analyzing the results, the neural network model was found to perform better than the multi-performance index.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}