SAE Technical Papers最新文献

{"title":"Application of Grey Taguchi Method for Optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Stir Casted Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"K.Lakshmi Kala, R L Krupakaran, Vidyasagar Reddy Gangula, Hariprasad Tarigonda, Raghurami Reddy Doddipalli, B. Vishnu Vardhan Naidu, Damodara Reddy","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0152","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Composites made of aluminium and other materials are now essential materials for a variety of engineering tasks, including those in the automotive industry. The present work reports on the machinability studies of Al 6061 hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC). For the investigation, Al6061 alloy is reinforced with Boron carbide and Graphene nanoparticles (GNp) and the hybrid composite was prepared by stir casting under suitable conditions. The Electrical discharge machining (EDM), advanced machining process, was chosen to machine HMMC as it is difficult to machine by conventional machining. EDM machinablity studies were done on stir casted Al-B₄C-GNP composites. The optimization of EDM process parameters were carried out using L27 orthogonal approach with input parameters such as pulse on time, pulse off time and peak current for the response of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness. To identify the significance of parameters on measured responses, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been done using Grey-Taguchi method and the most influential parameters for the output responses were determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Modelling and Simulation of Adaptable Marine and Terrestrial Cleaner","authors":"V Sudhir Kumar, Balamurugan R, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Manikandan Natarajan","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0165","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">An oil spill refers to the accidental or deliberate release of petroleum or other petroleum-based products into the environment. These spills can occur on land or in water bodies, such as oceans, rivers, or lakes, and can have devastating impacts on the environment, wildlife, and human health. Oil spills can harm aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by contaminating water and soil, and by affecting the food chain. They can also cause economic losses, such as the loss of fisheries, tourism, and property values. Cleaning up oil spills can be a difficult and expensive process, and the effectiveness of the response can depend on various factors, such as the type and amount of oil spilled, weather conditions, and proximity to sensitive ecosystems. Preventing oil spills is critical to minimizing their impacts. This can be achieved through measures such as regular maintenance of oil transport and storage facilities, the use of double- hulled tankers, and the implementation of emergency response plans.</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Additionally, reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and transitioning to cleaner sources of energy can help to decrease the risks of oil spills. We have given an ideal proposal to clear the oil spills in the marine region and in the seashore to avoid massive pollution in the ecosystem and to provide a clean environment. In our idea proposal, we have planned to combine the road cleaning system with the oil spill cleaning system, so that it can be used for dual purposes and to clean in an efficient manner. This proposed invention aims to combine the functions of both oil skimmers and road sweeper machines into a single machine. The machine will be capable of removing oil spills from water surfaces as well as collecting debris and dust from roads and other surfaces. The design will utilize existing technologies and adapt them for this combined purpose, resulting in a more efficient and cost-effective solution for environmental clean-up and maintenance. This work highlights the potential benefits of this innovation, including increased productivity and reduced environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Optimization of Solar Energy Harvesting Using Perovskite Solar Cell for Electric Vehicles Using Finite Element Method","authors":"Geetha P","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0095","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Excellent charge-carrier mobilities and life time of perovskite materials enables it with exceptional light absorption capacity. This provides improved device potential and performance with low-cost commercially feasible technology. The challenges towards handling the perovskite cells are its strength and its environmentally compatible property. Resolving these issues leads perovskite-based technology to hold an innovative potential for quick terawatt-scale solar power distribution. In this line, Organic Photovoltaic is a fast developing PV technology with improved the cell efficiency and life time performance. As organic Photovoltaic cell is available in mulit-colours and can be used to build transparent devices, it finds its application in building-integrated Organic Photovoltaic fair. Optimization of device physics, charge-transport methods, charge-separation procedures, and interfacial effects, would enable the development of stable, more effective device architectures. In this direction, multi-physics simulation software based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to determine the electrical performance of the device. It is constructed on materials with enhanced energy-level orientation, spectrum responsiveness, and carrier transport properties, leading to the design of more effective, reliable device architectures. In this work, hybrid perovskite semiconductor based 2D Organic Photovoltaic cell is developed using finite element method that can be applied on the roof of the electric vehicles for photo energy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Modelling and Process Parameter Prediction for Monel 400 Wire Electrical Discharge Machining for Rocket Frames","authors":"Thejasree Pasupuleti, Manikandan Natarajan, V Kumar, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Jothi Kiruthika, R Silambarasan","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0088","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Due to their inherent properties and superior performance over titanium-based materials, nickel-based superalloys are widely utilized in the manufacturing industry. Monel 400 is among them. This nickel-copper alloy possesses exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Monel 400 is primarily utilized in the chemical industry, heat exchangers, and turbine component manufacturing. Due to the properties of Monel 400, it is deemed as hard to machine materials with the aid of conventional methods. For investigating the performance of this process, a three-level analysis was carried out. Pulse on duration and applied current at three levels are the independent parameters used for designing the experiments. In this present article, a single-response analysis technique is used which is known as Taguchi to investigate the impact of the various process parameters on the output variables. They focused on three response factors namely the rate of material removal, deviation in the dimension, and perpendicularity error. An efficient predictive model has been developed with the help of regression analysis. To enhance the performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) process, Taguchi based grey approach has been adopted. The findings of the study revealed that the proposed approach could assist to enhance the overall effectiveness of the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Study on the Handling Performance of 125 cc Scooter to Electric Propulsion Using BIKESIM &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;","authors":"Thehaleesan K V, Hariharan Sankarasubramanian","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0158","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The penetration of Electric vehicle market in India has given rise to an eco-friendly, efficient mode of transport. This work aims to answer the question of whether a powertrain change from an internal combustion engine to electric motor in an existing IC powered 125cc scooter, will change the handling performance of the vehicle. This work was carried out using multi-body dynamics simulation software called BIKESIM^TM. The moments of inertia and mass properties were identified by modelling the vehicle chassis, along with the two different powertrains. A 15.6% increase in the overall mass of the vehicle and a 5% increase in the moments of inertia in the pitch, roll and yaw directions when the powertrain is changed from ICE to electric. A slalom test simulation in BIKESIM^TM was used to evaluate the differences in maneuverability when the powertrains were changed. The observations from the simulation show a significant change of around 20% in the lateral acceleration, 16.5% in steer angle and 18% in the lean angle when the powertrain is changed from ICE to electric. The rider parameters also experience a deviation as the rider effort and steering torque of the electric powertrain is 14% and 28.5% more than its ICE counterpart respectively. These percentage increases in the handling parameters conclude that the conversion of an existing ICE powertrain to electric powertrain although feasible, will put the rider at a scenario of handling a significantly different vehicle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach to Develop Reliable Two-Wheeler EV Powertrains","authors":"Saravanabhavan Dheivasigamani, Chris Varghese Vattamala, Thulasirajan Ganesan, Praveen Chakrapani Rao","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0101","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">In the past decade, the transportation industry has witnessed a rapid transition from conventional fossil fuels to electric power. This shift has spurred diverse electrification initiatives spanning various vehicle categories, including E-cycles, 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers, cars, and commercial vehicles. Central to these road transport vehicles are essential components such as battery systems, electric motors, and field-oriented controllers. These controllers’ interface with the vehicle control unit, optimizing motor performance across diverse operational conditions. The reliability of the core motor and controller system is of paramount importance, ensuring seamless operation throughout its life. Notably, certain applications, like 2-wheeler, demand customized designs with compact configurations to save space and eliminate excessive wiring. This necessitates heightened reliability due to limited serviceability within these confined designs. This paper outlines a comprehensive strategy for achieving holistic reliability within the context of 2-wheel electric vehicle (EV) motors and controllers. It addresses the challenges encountered in enhancing reliability and proposes a systematic approach for assessment and improvement. The proposed methodology involves the utilization of established tools such as Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD). Furthermore, this approach incorporates advanced techniques like Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, along with adherence to industry-wide standards. By adopting this structured methodology, manufacturers and researchers can effectively evaluate and enhance the reliability of 2-wheel EV powertrains. The integration of diverse analytical tools, simulation methods, and industry best practices collectively contributes to the attainment of a robust and dependable electric vehicle powertrain system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Mechanical Vibration in Permanent Magnet Electric Motor Construction and Its Effects in Speed High Operation","authors":"Varatharaj Neelakandan, Prabakaran B","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0171","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The internal rotor and related parts of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) utilized in electric cars are being designed with optimization as the key objective of this study. The goal is to achieve the best “NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness)” performance while maintaining the mechanical integrity and longevity of the motor. By matching the motor’s NVH characteristics with its peak and continuous power needs depending on the duty cycle of the vehicle, the study seeks to improve overall vehicle performance. The researchers use advanced NVH simulation modeling and simulation methods with the “CAE Software” finite element software program to do this. The ultimate goal is to enhance the motor’s noise and vibration characteristics while assuring its durability and long-term performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machinability Investigations on Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Inconel 625 by Taguchi Based Grey Approach","authors":"Manikandan Natarajan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Jothi Kiruthika, Gnana Sagaya Raj, PC Krishnamachary, Gowthami Kotapati","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0124","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Among the challenging materials used in high-temperature applications is Inconel 625. Due to its low thermal coefficient and greater strength, traditional methods tend to produce poor results when it comes to turning Inconel 625. In order to overcome these issues, a new approach has been proposed that utilizes unconventional techniques. WEDM is a variant of the electrical discharge manufacturing process that is commonly used in the production of complex components. It is mainly utilized for the hard to machine parts. A study on the process parameters of WEDM for the machining of Inconel 625 was performed by utilizing the analysis of Taguchi. The study focused on the various parameters of the process, such as peak current, pulse on time, and off time. The performance measures that were considered in this study included surface roughness and material removal rate. The results of the analysis revealed that the various process variables affected the performance indicators. An experimental analysis was also performed to study the effect of the individual parameters on the response parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Artificial Neural Network Model for CNC Drilling of AA6061 with Coated Textured Tool for Auto Parts","authors":"Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Manikandan Natarajan, Narapureddy Siva Rami Reddy, Lakshmi Narayana Somsole","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0079","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">With the progress of manufacturing industries being critical for economic development, there is a significant requirement to explore and scrutinize advanced materials, particularly alloy materials, to facilitate the efficient utilization of modern technologies. Lightweight and high-strength materials, such as aluminium alloys, are extensively suggested for various applications requiring strength and corrosion resistance, including but not limited to automotive, marine, and high-temperature applications. As a result, there is a significant necessity to examine and evaluate these materials to promote their effective use in the manufacturing sectors. This research paper presents the development of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for Computer Numerical Control (CNC) drilling of AA6061 aluminium alloy with a coated textured tool. The primary aim of the study is to optimize the drilling process and enhance the machinability of the material. The ANN model utilizes spindle speed, feed rate and Coolant type as input parameters, while the surface roughness, Material removal rate and temperature are the output parameters. A coated textured tool is chosen due to its exceptional performance over conventional drilling tools drilling. The textured surface helps in efficient chip evacuation, which reduces friction and heat generation during machining, while the coating on the tool improves its wear resistance and prolongs its lifespan. Experimental data obtained from CNC drilling of AA6061 with the coated textured tool is used to train and test the ANN model. The results demonstrate that the ANN model provides accurate predictions of the output performance of the machined hole under different drilling conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Load Bearing Analysis of Titanium Surface Ground with CBN Wheel and 6% CNT-CBN Wheel","authors":"Deborah Serenade Stephen, Praveena V, Ramanathan Av, Sujith S","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0080","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Surface integrity is an important factor in the effective functioning of a component. For this reason, the surface finish is given as meticulous attention as possible, while quality checks are rigorous. The process parameters affecting surface roughness are carefully controlled, with many preventive measures enforced to avoid deviation from the tolerance limits. Surface finish is an important part of the load-bearing properties of a surface as the asperities on its surface first come into contact with the mating surfaces. On contact, the asperities are flattened, and there is debris formation. These asperities are critical in joint replacements where Titanium is a material of choice, as the debris can react with bones and even cause necrosis of bone. The surface finish of Titanium is important as the asperities can function as points of stress when subjected to loads. Stress concentrators are detrimental to a material’s life; therefore, a part’s surface finish becomes critical. This research work has studied the surface finish of a titanium grade 5 alloy by grinding it with a novel grinding wheel with 6% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) electroplated along with cubic boron nitride (CBN) grits in a nickel matrix. The surface finish has improved from the commercially available grinding wheel and has increased the load-bearing capacities of the Titanium workpiece significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}