Journal of Emergency Management最新文献

{"title":"The psychological impact of mass shootings on emergency physician mental health.","authors":"Mary McDonough, Anne Weisman, Andrew Hanson, Stephen D Benning","doi":"10.5055/jem.0733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On October 1, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nevada, the largest mass shooting in US history was committed by a shooter high above the Route 91 Harvest Festival. In light of this tragedy and the increasing incidence and prevalence of mass shootings in America, it is important to examine how exposure to traumatic events (specifically mass shootings) affects the mental health of hospital physicians through the treatment of victims. This study sought to examine how witnessing mass shootings through the treatment of shooting victims psychologically affects physicians. Nine physicians who had direct contact with the victims were interviewed, and the data were analyzed for common themes using phenomenology. From the interviews, five central themes emerged: normalization of the event, denial, feelings of guilt, the positive outcomes associated with the event, and the magnitude of the patient volume. These themes show specifically how physicians are impacted by traumatic events and can be used to implement strategies to promote physician mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helene: The whole community approach-North Carolina pulls together in the face of disaster.","authors":"D C Linton","doi":"10.5055/jem.0892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the wake of Hurricane Helene, North Carolina has seen its people come together in extraordinary ways, embodying the spirit of the \"whole community\" approach. This approach emphasizes the collaboration of various stakeholders, including local residents, businesses, government agencies, and nonprofits, to enhance disaster response and recovery efforts. By involving everyone, it ensures that the diverse needs of the community are met efficiently. This collective effort fosters resilience and strengthens the community's ability to bounce back from adversity. This disaster, of biblical proportions, has tested the state's resilience, but the response has been nothing short of inspiring. This approach not only expedites immediate recovery but also builds long-term resilience by fostering stronger relationships and trust among community members. By continuously involving all stakeholders, it ensures better preparedness for future disasters. Additionally, it promotes sustainable development practices that can mitigate the impact of future emergencies. Faith-based organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and everyday citizens have all united, pulling together to support their fellow neighbors and meet immediate needs long before federal aid could arrive.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"13-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active shooter preparedness for special education classrooms.","authors":"Linda Suarez, Erica C Pinket","doi":"10.5055/jem.0833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Active shooter planning for special education classrooms requires considerations commensurate to the needs of students with mobility, cognitive, auditory, visual, and communicative limitations. The federally established Run, Hide, Fight response methodology has no modified alternative for students who are not able to meet the criteria to run, hide, or fight. School districts that implement Run, Hide, Fight plans without any modified alternatives for special education students expose a compliance lapse of the American Disabilities Act, the Department of Education's Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and the National Preparedness Goal. To address this gap in planning, a qualitative analysis of primary source documents determined that there is insufficient active shooter planning guidance requisite to students with Access and Functional Need limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"29-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software simulation of emergency evacuation and providing corrective measures in hospital buildings.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Fallah Ghanbari, Katayoun Jahangiri, Sanaz Sohrabizadeh","doi":"10.5055/jem.0838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emergency evacuation from hospitals is a complicated process. This is on account of multiple categories of occupants of hospitals at any given time. This study was conducted using simulation, which simulated emergency evacuation in a teaching hospital. The aim was to identify defects in stairways and exit doors to propose design modifications to facilitate emergency evacuation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted using Pathfinder software. The stages of the study included (1) map and model preparation, (2) field study, (3) simulation of evacuation, and (4) making feasible changes in the dimension of the hospital stairways and exit doors and examining its impact on the efficiency of evacuation processes.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>In the case where all people can move on their own, the evacuation time was 129.7 seconds. If the occupants of the beds and wheelchairs needed assisted evacuation, the evacuation time was 733.3 seconds, which increased by more than five times. If there were impediments in the building corridors, the evacuation was not complete, and 36 percent of the people could not be evacuated. By considering modification of around 58.6 percent in width and/or area of exit dimensions based on the field visit and its feasibility without making major structural changes, there was a reduction in the evacuation time by 46 percent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the modifications of passages could make significant improvements in the evacuation process. This would also lead to the reduction of evacuation time in emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital cybersecurity: Emergency planning response and preparedness to mitigate the effects of a potential cyberattack on French hospitals in Paris, France.","authors":"Ali Ghanchi, Charles Barthe, Didier Perret","doi":"10.5055/jem.0885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last few years, numerous hospitals in France have been subject to increasingly frequent and severe cyberattacks that have disrupted healthcare provision to varying degrees. To mitigate this threat, especially in light of the forthcoming 2024 Olympic Games, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris in Paris has been developing contingency plans that have been tested in simulated exercises called CRYPTolocker EXercice since May 2021. The latest simulated ransomware cyberattack that involved more than 200 participants took place on July 5, 2023, and lasted for 24 hours. Although cybersecurity contingency plans are confidential for obvious reasons, this article presents the multidisciplinary organization of the simulated attack based on previous experiences from other hospitals and general findings that are in the public domain. It was found that the procedures in place worked well overall, and countermeasures were quickly implemented to limit the severity of this simulated cyberattack. However, failings were observed in intra- and extra-hospital communication, and conflicting priorities between different categories of personnel (administrative, managerial, and clinical) hampered the information technology team in resolving various issues. Furthermore, it was found that mental fatigue, task saturation, and information overload may have overwhelmed senior managers at sporadic intervals. This often resulted in an action-reaction approach being used to find temporary solutions to immediate problems. Consequently, senior managers who participated in this simulated cyberattack were unable to think strategically and anticipate demands for middle- and long-term issues. This unprecedented exercise was an important learning experience for all participants, and the lessons learned will help further improve contingency planning and cyber resilience. It advised that all hospitals worldwide adopt and develop a similar multidisciplinary approach (taking into account their local contexts) to limit the deleterious effects of a potential cyberattack that undoubtedly will become more prevalent in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Logic of crisis management practice in handling the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences from two Swedish public-sector organizations.","authors":"Olof Oscarsson, Gertrud Alirani, Erna Danielsson, Pär M Olausson, Susanna Öhman","doi":"10.5055/jem.0874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to examine the ambiguity and uncertainty surrounding crisis management and the implementation of national recommendations in two public-sector organizations during the initial phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study is based on two case studies: a municipality and a county administrative board in Sweden. Data were collected through interviews, surveys, and participation in meetings, and they were analyzed using a practice theory lens. The results demonstrate a lack of knowledge and uncertainty regarding the crisis management structure, leading to conflicting interpretations of rules, recommendations, and decision-making procedures. The somewhat uncoordinated response from central authorities had a significant impact on local handling of the crisis, requiring higher management to spend considerable time interpreting the regulations and adjusting them to the local situation. The lack of clear decision procedures and support from higher management creates frustration and anxiety among operational managers. Organizations struggle to keep up with fast-changing guidelines and implement them effectively, resulting in an increased workload and challenges in prioritizing resources. The study also reveals concerns about the long-term consequences and ability to maintain quality in core activities during a wide-ranging crisis as the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication preferences during the recovery phase of a hurricane disaster: Rural residents prefer face-to-face interaction.","authors":"C Suzanne Lea, Hanna Beers","doi":"10.5055/jem.0887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The recovery phase of the emergency management cycle is understudied. This research aimed to understand the communication preferences of rural residents with low literacy during the recovery phase of a hurricane and flooding disaster.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During October and November 2019, three focus groups (n = 32) were conducted with members of church congregations in three small townships in eastern North Carolina. Audio recordings were transcribed and coded for communication preferences and themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were primarily non-White (62 percent), over age 55 (78 percent), and a majority (70 percent) had completed high school or less education. The primary communication preference for the recovery phase was face-to-face. Television (TV) was seen as an approach to disseminate dates and times for local in-person meetings and provide phone numbers to speak with a \"live\" person. Social media was not a dominant communication preference. Themes that emerged included the following: (1) governmental response related to repairs and buyout following past hurricanes has been too slow; (2) the elderly and those with low literacy seek in-person attention in their towns; (3) residents feel \"forgotten\" because resources are concentrated in the county seat.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rural residents prefer face-to-face communication in the recovery phase. Multiple approaches to communication may be most effective to distribute recovery phase opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing successful planning, implementation, and improvement of emergency exercises.","authors":"Saman Poorsiahbidi, Fakhraddin Ghasemi, Omid Kalatpour, Iraj Mohammadfam","doi":"10.5055/jem.0867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the critical importance of emergency exercises for emergency preparedness, there are major deficiencies in some organizations in managing their exercises. Lack of a comprehensive and systematic approach to emergency exercises can waste organizational resources and diminish the response confidence. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize influencing success factors for planning, implementing, and improving the exercise process. In this study, a pattern for exercise management process was established based on relevant standards and guidelines. Then, the success and failure factors for each step of a typical exercise were identified based on previous studies. Finally, Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was used to prioritize the identified influencing factors. Based on literature review and experts' opinions, 28 factors influence the success of emergency exercises. Although relative importance of all factors was close to each other, findings showed that \"establishing the base of support for an exercise program,\" \"designing the scenario,\" \"presentations/briefings,\" \"using expert evaluators,\" and \"defining appropriate corrective actions plan\" had the greatest impacts on the success of an emergency exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media and disaster management by the National Emergency Management in Nigeria: What it is and what it should be.","authors":"Oluwasinaayomi Faith Kasim, Ismail Adedapo Oyerinde","doi":"10.5055/jem.0839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environment for communicating about emergencies and disasters has changed as a result of the development of mobile technologies and social media applications. The public expects emergency management agencies to monitor, respond to, and report disasters via mobile applications due to this shift. This study, using the retrospective approach, analyzes the posts by the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) on social media in Nigeria. Activities reported via the agency's verified social media handles (Facebook®) between 2015 and 2021 serve as the data source. Findings revealed that social media is a useful tool in disaster management, as disaster-related activities and events across the management cycle were posted by NEMA's national and zonal offices. Most posts (45.0 percent) focused on response activities, while the recovery phase (2.0 percent) had the least posts. There was a significant variation in the reporting across the disaster management cycle (F_(4,30) = 9.746). Attention should be placed on shifting NEMA from post-disaster activities to a predisaster-focused agency. Therefore, the agency should develop a social media policy and train its information officers to use the medium to engage actively with the public, especially regarding information on predisaster management activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"22 6","pages":"597-610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tornado sheltering: Challenges and solutions including public storm shelters.","authors":"Craig D Croskery, Kathleen Sherman-Morris","doi":"10.5055/jem.0850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tornadoes are a considerable threat across the United States, occurring in many regions of the country on a frequent basis throughout the year. Finding a safe place to go during a tornado can be a challenge for many individuals, and, in some situations, there is no safe place available. Increasing the number of tornado shelters and establishing them in regions where they are not currently present can greatly improve the safety of local residents and visitors, especially for those who are unable to afford retrofitting a shelter into their own home or business. Research is lacking regarding the use of such public shelters. To better understand tornado sheltering behavior, an online survey was conducted with about 1,450 people. The survey examined current tornado sheltering behavior in locations with and without public shelters available, as well as hypothetical behavior if the respondent's location acquired a public shelter. A majority of respondents in the Deep South and Great Plains reported living in a county or community with a public shelter. While a majority of respondents have never used a public tornado shelter, the majority of those surveyed mentioned that they would utilize such shelters, at least during extreme threats. Actual use is also higher among mobile home residents. Consistent wayfinding and policies (such as pet accommodation) should also be implemented to ensure their use and promotion, and mobile applications should identify their locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":38336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"22 6","pages":"573-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}