Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of pectin with various degress of esterification by Bacteroides xylanisolvens","authors":"Hedi Xu,&nbsp;Quanyong Wu,&nbsp;Yiru Xuan,&nbsp;Huizi Tan,&nbsp;Shaoping Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The intricate relationship between the human intestinal microbiota and polysaccharides has a profound and direct impact on health outcomes. Our previous research has shown that pectin possesses beneficial properties that can combat colitis and metabolic disorders, which may be facilitated by the dominant gut commensals such as the <em>Bacteroides</em> genus. This study aims to delve deeper into how pectin with varying esterification degrees is utilized by ten distinct <em>Bacteroides</em> strains. Among the tested strains, <em>Bacteroides xylanisolvens</em> Bt-17 demonstrated a remarkable capacity for efficiently utilizing pectin L102, as indicated by its growth rate, sugar consumption, pH changes, and production of short-chain fatty acids. The fermentation of pectin L102 by B<em>. xylanisolvens</em> Bt-17 potentially led to the production of novel substrates, which in turn promoted the growth of <em>Bacteroides stercoris</em> Bt-8. Furthermore, we observed significant regulatory changes in multiple genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases in <em>B. xylanisolvens</em> Bt-17 during the degradation of pectin L102. These insights deepen our understanding of the interplay between pectin polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, and they may offer evidence for a gut microbiota-targeted mechanism underlying pectin's functional benefits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141264229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fibre profiling of various edible parts of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.): Pods, whole seeds, endosperms, seed coats, and cooked seeds","authors":"Surya Aulia H ,&nbsp;Fransiska Rungkat Zakaria ,&nbsp;Hanifah Nuryani Lioe ,&nbsp;Erniati ,&nbsp;Rizki Dwi Setiawan","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to identify the dietary fibre profiles of various winged bean components (green pods, whole seeds, endosperms, seed coats, and canned whole seeds). Soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin), total dietary fibre (TDF), and oligosaccharide components (raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose), were analyzed. The various winged bean components had a higher IDF content than SDF content (21.12–50.11% and 0.83–1.25%, respectively), with the highest TDF content observed in the seed coat (51.81%). Raffinose was the most dominant oligosaccharide component in green pods (2.7 mg/g), while verbascose was the most dominant component in all seed form samples, including seed coats (1.41–3.65 mg/g). The IDF in all samples was dominated by cellulose (5.07–39.34%), followed by hemicellulose (1.5–27.19%), and lignin (0.09–0.98%). Seed dehusking led to significant decreases in all types of dietary fibre analyzed, except for stachyose. Soaking and sterilization processes resulted in an increase in SDF, but decreased IDF, stachyose, verbascose, and hemicellulose compared to raw whole seeds. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that raw whole seeds still exhibit similarities in dietary fibre composition with canned seeds, but differ from green pods, endosperms, and seed coats. These findings imply that all edible parts of winged beans offer a large quantity of dietary fibre, especially whole seeds, which have potential benefits as prebiotic sources to improve health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Jerusalem artichoke tuber as a prebiotic on the nutrient utilization, weaning stress indicators and immunocompetence of crossbred calves during the pre- and post-weaning phases","authors":"Yancy Mary Issac ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Pattanaik ,&nbsp;Asmita Singh ,&nbsp;Mokshata Gupta ,&nbsp;Sunil Ekanath Jadhav ,&nbsp;Gyanendra Kumar Gaur ,&nbsp;Anju Kala","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the potential prebiotic properties of pulverized Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAP) in pre- and post-weaned calves. Accordingly, 24 fifteen-day-old calves were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 6). The groups received JAP supplementation at levels of 0 (CON), 1 (JAP1), 2 (JAP2), and 3 (JAP3) percent of dry matter intake (DMI) during the first 60 days of the 120-day experiment. Two 6-days digestion trials were conducted: one during the 4th week of the experiment (pre-wean), and the second during the tenth week (post-wean). Additionally, serum concentrations of cortisol and epinephrine were measured in both the pre- and post-weaning phases to assess the stress levels. Immunocompetence of the calves during both the stages was evaluated through lymphocyte proliferation response. In the pre-weaning phase, the calves supplemented with JAP had better (P &lt; 0.05) protein intake and digestion compared to the control group. In the post-weaning phase, the JAP supplemented groups exhibited significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved digestibility coefficients for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and neutral detergent fibre. Although cortisol levels didn't show significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) between the groups during both pre-weaning and post-weaning stages, the post-weaning stage did reveal a significant reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in epinephrine levels in JAP1 compared to the other groups. Additionally, JAP supplementation enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) the calves' response to lymphocyte proliferation during the post-weaning phase. Considering the improved nutrient digestibility, enhanced systemic immunity, and reduced epinephrine levels observed in the JAP supplemented groups, our findings suggest that JAP may have promising potential as a prebiotic for calves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aims and Scope & Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2212-6198(24)00024-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-6198(24)00024-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221261982400024X/pdfft?md5=00555c04399b4621bfd96afe4841ba17&pid=1-s2.0-S221261982400024X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistant starch from a tuberous root from the Andes cordillera improves metabolic and immune parameters in broilers","authors":"Elsa Beatriz Fonseca Santanilla ,&nbsp;Liliana Lucía Betancourt López ,&nbsp;Luis Ernesto Contreras Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Diana Susana Granados Falla","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resistant starch (RS) is a carbohydrate that exerts benefits on health. The present study aimed to research the effects of the <em>Canna edulis Ker</em> RS on metabolic and immune system indicators in broiler chickens. A total of 360 1- day-old male chicks were allotted to dietary treatments with 0% (RS0), 1% (RS1), and 2% (RS2) of RS inclusion. Chickens of RS1 and RS2 presented a lower rate of increase in serum glucose between the third and fifth week, with 50.9, 21.4, and 26.8% to RS0, RS1, and RS2, respectively. The higher serum cholesterol HDL was observed in broilers that consumed RS1 and RS2 diets at the fifth week of age (p &lt; 0.05). The butyric acid levels of 16.59, 64.95, and 76.77 μmol/g were found in caecal content to RS0, RS1, and RS2, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). The serum IgA levels were increased in broilers fed with the RS1 diet and decreased with the RS0 diet. The IgM was increased linearly as a function of age in the broilers RS1 and RS2. The subpopulation of T helper lymphocytes CD3⁺ CD4⁺ were increased in broilers fed with RS2 diet. The RS level that optimizes the humoral response was established as 1.07% and 1.56% for IgA and IgM, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The dietary inclusion of RS from <em>C. edulis</em> stimulated homeostasis of glucose and cholesterol with increase of HDL and caecal SCFA. Consequently, RS from <em>C. edulis</em> can be used as a nutraceutical additive in the broilers' diet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212619824000202/pdfft?md5=aa958580b2a659e54fd690ffeece76dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2212619824000202-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on different polysaccharides used as carrier material for spray-drying of synbiotics and its viability under different storage conditions","authors":"Jyothna Bommasamudram,&nbsp;Arjun Muthu,&nbsp;Somashekar Devappa","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the different polysaccharides as carrier material for spray-drying synbiotics and to study the physicochemical characteristics of synbiotics at different storage conditions. The thermally acclimatized probiotic strains, <em>Lactobacillus helveticus</em> (H-45) and <em>Lacticaseibacillus casei</em> (N-45) with enhanced probiotic properties were spray-dried using these polysaccharides along with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) as prebiotic. The studied plant-based polysaccharides are maltodextrin (MDX), corn starch (CS), and gum acacia (GA). After spray-drying, the survivability of all synbiotic combinations was higher in the presence of corn starch as carrier material. The synbiotic combination N45 + GOS + CS showed better survivability during spray-drying, under simulated intestinal (8.43 ± 0.17 log CFU/g), acid (5.51 ± 0.12 log CFU/g), and bile (7.31 ± 0.04 log CFU/g) conditions. The spray-dried powders had good to moderate flow properties with moisture content and water activity (a_w) at the optimal range for the survival of probiotics. Among the spray-dried powders, synbiotic-N45 + GOS + CS showed improved storage survivability during shelf-life studies at three different temperatures (4 °C, 30 °C, and 37 °C) for eight weeks. However, all spray-dried probiotic and synbiotic powders had higher viability when stored at 4 °C. Hence, the study suggests that cornstarch as a polysaccharide in the synbiotics formulation (N45 + GOS + CS) may have a potential application in functional foods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healing effect of the polysaccharide extract from Cissus sicyoides leaves in a rat model of excisional cutaneous wounds","authors":"Antônio Rener Cardoso de Souza ,&nbsp;Iásly Costa Lima ,&nbsp;Cléo Vanessa Gomes de Queiroz ,&nbsp;Sara Cristine Soares Fernandes ,&nbsp;Maria Gonçalves Pereira ,&nbsp;Mário Rogério Lima Mota ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The healing process is a physiological event involving cellular and molecular mechanisms to remove and replace damaged tissues, allowing new extracellular matrix synthesis. Based on previous studies showing antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the polysaccharide-rich extract of <em>Cissus sicyoides</em> leaves (PE-Cs) in classical inflammation models, this study evaluated the PE-Cs effect in the rat model of excisional cutaneous wound. The topical treatment with PE-Cs (0.01–1%) for 14 days reduced (43–50%, 5 – 7th day) the wound area and increased the nociceptive threshold (38.85–47.65%, 6th hour - 7th day). PE-Cs reduced leukocyte infiltration (42% - 2nd day and 84% - 5th day) and increased fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (59% - 5th day and 24% - 7th day), collagen deposition (30% - 5th day and 23% - 7th day) and blood vessels (60% - 5th day and 50% - 7th day). PE-Cs reduced the oxidative stress marker MDA (33% - 2nd day), and increased GSH levels (35–27%, 2 – 7th day). In conclusion, PE-Cs acts in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the rat healing process via acceleration of wound closure, reduction of inflammatory signs, oxidative stress markers and stimulation of fibroplasia, collagenesis and increased blood vessel count.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial goldmine: Investigating probiotic floral diversity in human breast milk","authors":"Ayesha Saeed ,&nbsp;Azra Yasmin ,&nbsp;Mehreen Baig ,&nbsp;Maryam Pervaiz ,&nbsp;Muhammad Arslan Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Tabish ,&nbsp;Humaira Hashmat","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breast milk contains many bacteria to shapes the newborn's gut microbiota. Breastfeeding benefits the newborn health due to beneficial bacteria present inside the human milk. Thus the present study targets to examine the diversity of isolated probiotic flora residing in human milk associating with enhanced infant's health and to be used in milk formula as a possible candidates. From eleven healthy lactating mothers the milk samples were collected and the isolated bacteria were then enumerated on L-cystein augmented MRS (de Man Rogosa &amp; Sharpe) media, the prophologically distinguishable colonies were then identified using biochemical (API-50 CH Kit) and 16S DNA sequence identification methods. Fifty diverse bacteria belonging to three bacterial genera (<em>Staphylococcus</em>, <em>Streptococcus,</em> and <em>Bacillus</em>) were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis was done for carbohydrate fermentation patrens using R programing and for 16S DNA sequence variations using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Tool (MEGA) to cluster the isolates together. Tolerance of the isolated strain in gastrointestinal environment is also analised depicting endurance of the isolated potential probiotics in artificially simulated gastric juice (pH 2) and 0.3% bile salt concentration. In conclusion, an exclusive microbiota harbored by breast milk comprised mainly of <em>Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus salivaries,</em> and <em>Streptococcus lactarius.</em> The flora colonize the newborn's gut and become an important probiotic source used in the simulated mother's milk formula. Therefore, human milk could be a good source of probiotics for infants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction and preparation of cellulose nanocrystal from Brewer's spent grain and application in pickering emulsions","authors":"Yu Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yiru Huang ,&nbsp;Hongjiao Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Xiao ,&nbsp;Ye Hui ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the search for novel Pickering stabilizers has attracted much interest in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, brewer's spent grain cellulose (BSGC) was successfully extracted by diluted acid, alkaline and bleaching treatments, and then brewer's spent grain cellulose nanocrystal (BSGCNC) were obtained by acid hydrolysis treatment of BSGC. The properties of the BSGCNC were characterized, and the results showed that the BSGCNC had a rod-like structure with high crystallinity (67.09%). Then the emulsification properties of BSGCNC were evaluated by different concentrations and water-oil ratios, and the results showed that BSGCNC were able to form stable Pickering emulsions. This study suggested that cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) could be extracted from brewer's spent grain which was used as food waste, as a stabilizer for Pickering emulsions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the structure-forming role of dietary fibre components in gluten-free cereal- and pseudocereal-based food matrices","authors":"Renáta Németh,&nbsp;Liliána Kata Sznopka,&nbsp;Csenge Orosz,&nbsp;Sándor Tömösközi","doi":"10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2024.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work was to investigate the structure-forming ability of cereal β-glucan (BG) and arabinoxylan (AX) in gluten-free (GF) dough and slurry matrices. 2, 5 or 8%, w/w BG was dosed to white millet and buckwheat flours and its effect on the mixing and pasting properties was examined. Furthermore, AX “incorporation” into dough structure and possible interaction with millet and buckwheat proteins were investigated by using reduction and subsequent re-oxidation based on our previous work.</p><p>BG addition increased consistency and changed mixing properties in both millet and buckwheat doughs by forming viscous gel and aggregates. However, its impact on the pasting properties of the two types of GF flours differed in tendency. Similarly, a different behaviour of millet and buckwheat matrices was found in case of AX incorporation, explained by their distinct macromolecular (especially protein) composition. SDS-PAGE results referred to interactions between AX molecules and non-gluten proteins, however the changes in free ferulic acid contents did not confirm this. Although, white flours of millet and buckwheat are simpler matrices than wholemeals, they might be still too complex to examine the effect of a specific component, especially in a redox system. Thus, development of model gluten-free dough systems is a further goal of this work.</p><p>Research works focusing on AX or BG functionality in gluten-free matrices are rare. The current work might contribute to a better understanding of dietary fibre functionality in dough systems with non-gluten proteins, as well as to develop healthier gluten-free products of higher fibre content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38299,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140161064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}