IRE Transactions on Engineering Management最新文献

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The Applicability of PERT as a Management Tool PERT作为管理工具的适用性
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007682
J. Barmby
{"title":"The Applicability of PERT as a Management Tool","authors":"J. Barmby","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007682","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the environment in which analytical methods of program evaluation and review (PERT, PEP) are most useful. The conditions under which these techniques are most applicable are discussed. A number of limitations are pointed out. Aspects of the cost of using these techniques are discussed.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126803934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Razor's Edge of Support System Management 支持系统管理的刀锋
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007685
J. Roy
{"title":"The Razor's Edge of Support System Management","authors":"J. Roy","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007685","url":null,"abstract":"Two costly mistakes are frequently made in the management of the support program for a major weapon or space system: 1) Considerations of support requirements are neglected until it is too late to accomplish a reasonably scheduled minimum cost program. 2) In an ardent effort to avoid the first mistake, hardware and software programs are promulgated before support concepts or prime system design have been adequately frozen. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate these pitfalls and indicate how they may be avoided.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124142808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activity Costing-Key to Progress in Critical Path Analysis 作业成本-关键路径分析进展的关键
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007683
R. W. Clarke
{"title":"Activity Costing-Key to Progress in Critical Path Analysis","authors":"R. W. Clarke","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007683","url":null,"abstract":"Realization of the full potential of critical path techniques involves six essential aspects. These are 1) network planning, 2) time and resource planning, 3) optimum scheduling and allocation, 4) progress reporting, 5) analysis and control of progress, and 6) statistical analysis to improve time and resource planning. All of these aspects are not currently being employed and thus full benefits are not accruing to the user. The principal reason for this is the lack of data on which to base time-cost trade-off relationships. This in turn is due to the present structure of accounting and control systems which do not relate costs with the work accomplished. Several efforts employing enumerative cost models are currently in existence or under development which largely overcome the shortcomings of present accounting and control systems. The enumerative cost model collects cost by network activity and compares actual expenditure and schedule progress with that planned in order to determine program status in an accurate and unambiguous fashion. In addition, this type of model will provide the raw materials for construction of the time-cost relationships required for optimization provided that the non-comparability of activities problem can be overcome.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115813345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Optimum Allocation of Research/Engineering Manpower within a Multi-Project Organizational Structure 在多项目组织结构中研究/工程人力的最佳分配
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007677
A. McGee, M. Markarian
{"title":"Optimum Allocation of Research/Engineering Manpower within a Multi-Project Organizational Structure","authors":"A. McGee, M. Markarian","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007677","url":null,"abstract":"An analytic technique has been formulated which permits the management of an organization engaged in a number of research and engineering projects to allocate available technical manpower among and within projects. The technique has value as a device to determine in detail where men with specific skills may be best utilized and as a tool to gage the impact of proposed additional workload on available manpower resources and projects in progress. The technique makes use of the basic network analog to designate the sequence and interaction of the detailed activities making up each project. Judgments must be made by engineering management of the minimum essential manning and maximum productive manning required for each network activity to obtain the time-manpower function and its range of feasible values. The scheduled time for completion of each project must be stated as well as the total available manpower by skill, by time period. An integer solution is attained which is compatible with the available manpower constraint and which represents a practical economic optimum. The technique used is an iterative method suitable for computer computation.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134601328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
PERT-Tool for R and D Project Decision Making 研发项目决策的pert工具
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007680
Robert E. Thompson
{"title":"PERT-Tool for R and D Project Decision Making","authors":"Robert E. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007680","url":null,"abstract":"The question of whether PERT is of significant value to project managers will not be resolved until the technique is understood to be a tool for a newly recognized function rather than a new tool for an old function. The newly recognized function is decision making as opposed to the old function of planning and control. The need for the performance of the new function arises from the dynamic and complex character of modern R and D projects. PERT as a decision-making tool can best be understood within the framework of the decision-making process. The decision-making framework indicates that assumptions must continuously be made in four areas. The information needed to develop these assumptions constitutes the information necessary for decision making. The information obtained by PERT provides a portion of this information.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"457 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125799790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
SCANS-system description and comparison with PERT 扫描系统的描述和与PERT的比较
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007681
B. L. Fry
{"title":"SCANS-system description and comparison with PERT","authors":"B. L. Fry","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007681","url":null,"abstract":"The name SCANS is an acronym derived from Scheduling and Control by Automated Network System. The system is based upon the network techniques developed for PERT and might well be considered to be one of the many versions of PERT which have evolved since its introduction. Although SCANS is described as an automated system and as a man-machine system, it is the men in the system who perform the most important functions of planning, decision making, and control. The machines only perform the functions which would have to be delegated to clerical and computational personnel if the machines were not available. SCANS is not intended to be a substitute for the human mental process. It can only hope to facilitate this process and improve its effectiveness by providing the best information in an efficient format at the time it is required.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129252050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Use of Technical Literature by Industrial Technologists 工业技术人员对技术文献的使用
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007664
Christopher Scott
{"title":"The Use of Technical Literature by Industrial Technologists","authors":"Christopher Scott","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007664","url":null,"abstract":"A study was made of the role of scientific information in the work of a sample of technologists in the British electrical and electronics industry. Interviews lasting up to one hour each were conducted with the people in the sample, using a standard set of questions. The sample consisted of 1082 people in 127 establishments. The term ``technologist'' covered all persons engaged in research, all those with technical qualifications, and all those responsible for planning development work. Among the findings are that the principal role of the literature to the people studied is to supply useful information which is not being deliberately sought by the reader. Its role as a references source is less significant.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123298112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
A Model of the Imitation Process 模仿过程的模型
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007659
E. Mansfield
{"title":"A Model of the Imitation Process","authors":"E. Mansfield","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007659","url":null,"abstract":"A simple model is developed to help explain differences among process innovations in the rate of imitation. The major hypothesis around which the model is built is the following: The probability that a firm will adopt a new technique is an increasing function of the proportion of firms already using it and the profitability of adopting it. The probability of adoption is also hypothesized to be a decreasing function of the size of the investment required. The model is tested with twelve innovations from three industries. Interindustry differences show up. An equation of the form predicted by the model can explain most of the variation among the rates of imitation.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131327334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of Random Alarm Devices in Studying Scientists' Reading Behavior 随机报警装置在科学家阅读行为研究中的应用
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007662
Miles W. Martin
{"title":"The Use of Random Alarm Devices in Studying Scientists' Reading Behavior","authors":"Miles W. Martin","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007662","url":null,"abstract":"An intensive study of the scientific journal reading behavior of chemists and physicists was made using almost exclusively the direct observation of behavior (rather than questionnaires, interviews, or diaries) to determine what they read, why they read what they do, and what differences in reading behavior exist between the groups. A device which generated an audible alarm at random moments of time was carried by scientists and used to signal the times at which observations were to be made.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127603744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
An Information Retrieval System for a Small Research Department 小型研究部门的信息检索系统
IRE Transactions on Engineering Management Pub Date : 1962-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007666
L. R. Axelrod
{"title":"An Information Retrieval System for a Small Research Department","authors":"L. R. Axelrod","doi":"10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRET-EM.1962.5007666","url":null,"abstract":"A modest information retrieval system is described for a small electronics laboratory. Initially it employs punched cards, but will be converted to edge-notched cards when the coding system is ``debugged.'' The advantages and deficiencies of the system are discussed. The coding system was developed from key words and descriptive phrases in the laboratory's 700-document collection.","PeriodicalId":382847,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130034393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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