International Journal of Police Science & Management最新文献

The views about Big Data among professionals of police forces: A scoping review of empirical studies 警察专业人员对大数据的看法:实证研究的范围审查

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/14613557231166225

Laura Neiva, H. Machado, S. Silva

{"title":"The views about Big Data among professionals of police forces: A scoping review of empirical studies","authors":"Laura Neiva, H. Machado, S. Silva","doi":"10.1177/14613557231166225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557231166225","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing tendency toward the introduction of Big Data in police departments to improve the prevention and investigation of crime. However, there is little systematic knowledge about the perspectives of professionals in police forces regarding this technology. This article fills this gap by presenting a scoping review that systematizes empirical studies of the views of professionals in police forces about Big Data in the field of policing and criminal investigation. Fourteen articles were analyzed following a descriptive–analytical method. Optimistic and oppositional views about Big Data among professionals in police forces were then described. Optimistic views focused on the potential of Big Data to improve the objectivity and efficiency of policing and better manage police resources by providing new capabilities and strategies by which to perform crime predictions, risk assessments, criminal investigations, crime analysis, risk management, cooperation and data exchange. Oppositional views related to the police's awareness of Big Data's biases, the lack of a regulatory landscape, misuse of data, privacy threats, data security, misplaced trust in technology, the absence of major changes in work practices, and practical barriers. Analysis of the co-presence of optimistic and oppositional views adds a comprehensive and interpretative argument that might contribute to critical reflections on the technological feasibility, societal usability, and desirability of Big Data technologies in police departments.","PeriodicalId":382549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123772023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Citizen science at the roots and as the future of forensic genetic genealogy 公民科学的根源和法医基因谱系的未来

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/14613557231164901

Rafaela Granja

{"title":"Citizen science at the roots and as the future of forensic genetic genealogy","authors":"Rafaela Granja","doi":"10.1177/14613557231164901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557231164901","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic genetic genealogy is an emergent forensic technology that employs databases used by citizens to upload genetic data voluntarily to search for criminal suspects and/or unidentified individuals. Considering a wide view of the roots of forensic genetic genealogy, in this article, I draw on publicly available interviews with key stakeholders in the field, media articles, and companies’ statements to analyze how this technology is both grounded and based upon citizen science. That is, a type of science to which citizens actively, voluntarily, and consentingly contribute in various forms. On the one hand, I show how the emergence of forensic genetic genealogy is mainly based upon the work of individuals with a personal interest in genetic genealogy, who are heavily invested in constructing their own and others’ family trees. That is, citizens from various educational backgrounds and professional activities who became an untapped source of valuable expertise for forensic science because of their prolific experience in conducting genetic genealogy. On the other hand, I argue that the current situation of forensic genetic genealogy is also highly dependent on citizens’ interest and willingness to upload genetic data into publicly accessible genealogy databases and voluntarily deciding to make them available to law enforcement searches. Perceiving citizen science as being at the roots and as the future of forensic genetic genealogy has important implications for the forensic epistemic culture and the protection of citizens’ rights that must be considered in the development and implementation of such technology.","PeriodicalId":382549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125487363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Unpacking preventive policing: Towards a holistic framework 拆解预防性警务:迈向整体框架

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/14613557231163403

Hjørdis Birgitte Ellefsen, Brita Bjørkelo, Inger Marie Sunde, N. Fyfe

{"title":"Unpacking preventive policing: Towards a holistic framework","authors":"Hjørdis Birgitte Ellefsen, Brita Bjørkelo, Inger Marie Sunde, N. Fyfe","doi":"10.1177/14613557231163403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557231163403","url":null,"abstract":"Assuming that society is better off if the harm caused by crime – including the costs entailed by the investigation, prosecution and punishment – can be avoided, the proactive approach of preventive policing (PP) is generally promoted and understood as a good and effective solution. In this article, we unpack the concept of PP by analysing how it has been understood and practised across time and space, and find that the ‘preventive turn’ and current aspirations for a police service with a ‘preventative mindset’ seem to require a return to a police role that might be incompatible with the liberal and democratic ideals of today. We argue for the need for a holistic approach and outline six key elements for an overarching theoretical framework that is sensitive to the fundamental challenges of the ‘preventive turn’. This includes arguing for the need for an awareness of how the problems that are to be prevented are defined; how preventative interventions are directed; what role the police and other actors should play; how underlying rationalities and logics may affect the understanding, implementation and outcome of PP; how effects and consequences can be measured; and the need for legal and ethical limitations and guidelines.","PeriodicalId":382549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","volume":"518 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134011395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mind the gap: Bridging evidence-based witness identification procedures to practice through police training 注意差距:通过警察培训将循证证人识别程序与实践联系起来

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/14613557231159543

W. W. Cecconello, R. J. Fitzgerald, R. Milne, L. Stein

{"title":"Mind the gap: Bridging evidence-based witness identification procedures to practice through police training","authors":"W. W. Cecconello, R. J. Fitzgerald, R. Milne, L. Stein","doi":"10.1177/14613557231159543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557231159543","url":null,"abstract":"Research has led to evidence-based eyewitness identification procedures, but empirical research on how to train police officers in such techniques is limited. We tested the effectiveness of the FAIR (Find a suspect, Avoiding bias, Instructing the witness, Record the procedure) eyewitness identification training program with 88 Brazilian police officers. The hypothesis that FAIR training would improve identification procedures was supported by pre- and post-training assessment of performance on a lineup construction task. Training increased the likelihood that police officers would construct lineups with known-innocent fillers and provide recommended pre-lineup instructions to witnesses (e.g., stating that the witness is not required to make an identification). Training also decreased non-recommended lineup practices, such as revealing the identity of the main suspect after a witness response. Feedback from the participants supports the conclusion that FAIR training improved knowledge of how to build lineups, instruct witnesses, and avoid undesirable and potentially biasing practices. Nevertheless, participants anticipated that incorporating the reform procedures into practice would provoke resistance from superiors and colleagues, which highlights the need for FAIR training to be supported by infrastructure, resources and policy that enable police officers to use evidence-based procedures in eyewitness identification.","PeriodicalId":382549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130891414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fitness testing at police academies: Optimal fitness for duty 警察学院的体能测试:最适合执勤的体能

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/14613557231159534

Matthijs Koedijk, R. Hutter, P. G. Renden, Lisanne Kleygrewe, R. Oudejans

{"title":"Fitness testing at police academies: Optimal fitness for duty","authors":"Matthijs Koedijk, R. Hutter, P. G. Renden, Lisanne Kleygrewe, R. Oudejans","doi":"10.1177/14613557231159534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557231159534","url":null,"abstract":"Fitter police recruits are more likely to graduate, are less injury-prone, and fatigue less rapidly. Although most police academies implement fitness testing to ensure a minimum standard of job-specific fitness, academies may benefit from utilizing fitness tests that challenge recruits beyond the minimum fitness demand. The current study evaluated whether a fitness test called Professional Fit (ProfFit) of a police academy aligned with the academy’s purpose to challenge their recruits to become optimally fit. We evaluated whether the ProfFit measures an all-round range of fitness characteristics. Moreover, we evaluated whether the ProfFit measures higher fitness levels than the minimum fitness demand for duty. Police recruits (N = 103) were tested on the ProfFit, six extra fitness tests known to measure one (isolated) aspect of fitness, and a standard practice job-specific fitness test. Results showed that the ProfFit measures an all-round range of fitness characteristics: anaerobic power, strength lower extremities, strength upper extremities, isometric strength, and muscular endurance of the trunk muscles. The results also showed that recruits indicated a higher rating of perceived exertion during the ProfFit than during the job-specific fitness test, indicating that they experienced the ProfFit as more demanding than the minimum fitness demand for duty. It was concluded that the ProfFit facilitates to challenge police recruits physically, as was the aim of the police academy. These findings provide empirical support for fitness tests that aim to improve police recruits’ fitness levels to be not just fit for duty, but rather optimally fit for duty.","PeriodicalId":382549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124069723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic mapping of public health primary prevention interventions with relevance for policing 与警务相关的公共卫生初级预防干预措施的系统制图

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/14613557231159551

A. Sondhi, E. Williams

{"title":"A systematic mapping of public health primary prevention interventions with relevance for policing","authors":"A. Sondhi, E. Williams","doi":"10.1177/14613557231159551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557231159551","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to utilise systematic mapping techniques to assess existing empirical reviews of the evidence-base for primary prevention public health initiatives relevant to policing. In total, 9410 records were extracted of which 9373 were screened by two researchers; 356 studies were assessed for eligibility of which 134 titles were included. The majority of titles were academic publications (81%) across 16 subject domains. The main domains reviewed were violence (53%), substance misuse (37%) and mental health (27%). Forty-two per cent of the titles were across multiple points of contact and 38% were within school settings. Few primary prevention studies were delivered for domestic abuse, female genital mutilation, hate crime, road traffic accidents, terrorism and white-collar crimes. Positive outcomes were ascribed to parenting, family-based, school and pre-school primary prevention interventions. Definitional problems identifying primary prevention initiatives from the literature were identified as a major concern. Thematic analysis identified issues linking causal mechanisms with behaviour change and how to ensure high-quality methods are deployed to measure outcomes. Further work is required to develop preventative approaches in areas with limited knowledge. It is recommended that research focuses on expanding understanding causal mechanisms underpinning primary prevention initiatives.","PeriodicalId":382549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114521861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘No one likes a grass’ Female police officers’ experience of workplace sexual harassment: A qualitative study “没人喜欢草”女警察职场性骚扰经历的定性研究

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1177/14613557231157185

Hannah Davis, Sophie Lawrence, Emily Wilson, Fay Sweeting, Annabel Poate-Joyner

{"title":"‘No one likes a grass’ Female police officers’ experience of workplace sexual harassment: A qualitative study","authors":"Hannah Davis, Sophie Lawrence, Emily Wilson, Fay Sweeting, Annabel Poate-Joyner","doi":"10.1177/14613557231157185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557231157185","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual harassment is multifaceted and complicated, creating a hostile environment dominated by sexually motivated behaviours. It is experienced by many, particularly in the workplace. For example, many police officers experience sexual harassment from a colleague. Despite this, sexual harassment remains under-researched, with limited exploration into victims’ experiences first-hand. As such, the current study aimed to research female police officers’ experiences of sexual harassment by colleagues to investigate risk factors of sexual harassment and barriers to reporting. Seven transcripts were collected using semi-structured interviews, both in-person and online. Despite the assurance of anonymity, officers feared coming forward for research owing to identification concerns. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for the analysis to extract in-depth accounts from participants. Results showed that police culture contributed significantly to facilitating sexual harassment. For example, a male-dominant force, a hierarchical structure and the blue wall of silence. In addition, participants faced barriers to reporting sexual harassment. For example, a rumour mill culture and oppositional reactions from colleagues. Furthermore, the sexual harassment that the participants faced negatively affected their attitudes to work, and their physical and mental health.","PeriodicalId":382549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114458633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Receptivity to research in policing: Results from a survey of Canadian police professionals 对警务研究的接受程度:对加拿大警察专业人员的调查结果

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/14613557231156752

Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh, Brittany Blaskovits, C. Bennell, Laura Huey

引用次数: 0

Dressing the part: The influence of police attire on outcomes in a simulated traffic violation case 着装:警察着装对模拟交通违章案件结果的影响

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-01-08 DOI: 10.1177/14613557221145546

Quintan Crough, C. Bennell

引用次数: 0

Promoting trust and police legitimacy in African Australian communities: A critical reflection on community engagement strategies and practical recommendations for police 促进非洲裔澳大利亚人社区的信任和警察合法性:对社区参与战略和警察实践建议的批判性反思

International Journal of Police Science & Management Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/14613557221145593

Mohammed M. Ali, S. Shepherd, Berhan M. Ahmed (Shiday)

{"title":"Promoting trust and police legitimacy in African Australian communities: A critical reflection on community engagement strategies and practical recommendations for police","authors":"Mohammed M. Ali, S. Shepherd, Berhan M. Ahmed (Shiday)","doi":"10.1177/14613557221145593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557221145593","url":null,"abstract":"Community engagement strategies intended to build trust and legitimacy are used widely by police agencies. Available research on the utility of these strategies shows mixed results and police have been criticised for adopting a ‘one-size fits all’ mentality when employing these strategies across minority groups. Yet, community engagement strategies remain a preferred tool for police seeking to improve their relations with minority groups. This article unpacks police–community engagement as a tool for promoting trust and legitimacy among African Australians. The first half of the article provides an overview of community engagement strategies and presents an engagement typology that is used to assesses critically the strengths and limitations of key strategies used by police vis-à-vis trust and legitimacy. The second half of the article canvasses the relationship between African Australian communities and the police, and draws attention to sociocultural factors that must be considered by police when developing and implementing engagement initiatives. The article concludes with several recommendations for police including the need to prioritise the needs of the community over intelligence gathering by embedding employment and education services into engagement initiatives.","PeriodicalId":382549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131908256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0