Preventive Medicine Reports最新文献

{"title":"Smokeless, not harmless: Understanding Naswar's cardiovascular risks in the northwestern Pakistan","authors":"Ihsanur Rahman,&nbsp;Fayaz Ahmad,&nbsp;Naveed Sadiq","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tobacco use has a major impact on mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD). Naswar, a smokeless tobacco (SLT) product predominantly used in the northwestern part of Pakistan, has not been explored for its association with CAD. World Health Organization also expresses the need for further studies to thoroughly understand effects of different SLT products on CAD across various populations. This study explores the association between Naswar use and CAD in Peshawar, Pakistan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This case-control study recruited 112 CAD cases and 112 controls from tertiary care hospitals between July 2021 and August 2022. Consecutive sampling facilitated data collection through interviews using pre-structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses computed adjusted odds ratios for Naswar-CAD association. Prior ethical approval from the authors' institute, and informed consent from participants were obtained prior to conduction of study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were statistically significant differences in age distribution, income levels, house ownership, family history of heart disease, comorbidities, and Naswar usage between cases and controls. Multivariable logistic regression showed that Naswar users (OR: 2.56, 95 % CI: 1.08–6.10), Naswar dip time of five or more minutes (OR: 3.77, 95 %CI: 1.11–12.84), 20+ years of Naswar use (OR: 4.30, 95 %CI: 1.26–14.75), black Naswar (OR: 2.62, 95 %CI: 1.04–6.60), and spitting Naswar saliva (OR: 3.76, 95 %CI: 1.43–9.86) exhibited higher adjusted odds of CAD compared to non-users of Naswar.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study adds to the body of literature on significant association between Naswar use and CAD, emphasizing the necessity of regulating SLT products like Naswar to mitigate cardiovascular risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Atherogenic index of plasma and gallstones in the United States adults: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2017–2020","authors":"Shuang Yang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Song ,&nbsp;Zhengbo Yang ,&nbsp;Nanbo Li ,&nbsp;Ju Wu ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although substantial evidence suggests an association between dyslipidemia as an isolated factor and gallstones, research on the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and gallstones remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 3557 eligible adults from the United States were selected for cross-sectional analysis using the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between AIP gallstones. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and threshold effect analysis were conducted to explore potential non-linear relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found a positive association between higher AIP levels and higher odds of gallstones. In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, each 1-unit increase in AIP was associated with 59 % higher odds of gallstones (OR = 1.59, 95 % CI: 1.06, 2.38). Compared to the lowest quartile of AIP, the highest quartile showed 82 % higher odds of gallstones (OR = 1.82, 95 % CI: 1.23, 2.69). RCS analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between AIP and gallstones, with threshold effect analysis identifying a turning point at −0.13, where AIP had a positive correlation with gallstones before this threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher AIP is positively correlated with higher odds of gallstones, showing a non-linear relationship. As AIP increases, the odds of gallstones also rise, but this relationship is no longer observed beyond a certain threshold. It is recommended to maintain appropriate AIP levels to reduce the incidence of gallstones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling inequalities: Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in diabetes: Findings from the 2007-2020 NHANES data among U.S. adults","authors":"Yangyang Deng ,&nbsp;Mohammad Moniruzzaman ,&nbsp;Breanna Rogers ,&nbsp;Lu Hu ,&nbsp;Ram Jagannathan ,&nbsp;Kosuke Tamura","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Despite persistent disparities in diabetes prevalence among racial and ethnic minorities, there remains a significant lack of understanding regarding the intersectionality of racial and ethnic groups and socioeconomic status (SES) with diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; <em>N</em> = 30,754, mean age = 47.4) using cross-sectional survey cycles from 2007 to 2008 through 2017–2020. Diabetes status was self-reported by physician diagnosis. Sociodemographic factors included racial and ethnic groups and SES. Weighted Poisson models were used to examine the association of racial and ethnic groups and SES with diabetes, stratified by age groups (20–44, 45–64, 65–79), sex, and racial and ethnic groups for SES, separately.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and other adults had a 47 %, 31 %, and 76 % higher prevalence of diabetes than non-Hispanic White adults, while adults from low and middle SES compared to high SES had a 37 % and 22 % higher prevalence of diabetes. Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and other adults aged 45–64 years had a 45 %, 34 %, and 78 % higher prevalence of diabetes, and low and middle SES had a 57 % and 32 % higher prevalence of diabetes. Similar patterns were observed for adults aged 65–79. Males among non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and other adults and females from low and middle-SES families had a higher prevalence of diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Minority groups, middle and older-aged adults, males from minority groups, and females from low SES had a greater prevalence of diabetes. Effective interventions should prioritize tailoring efforts to specific minoritized and low SES groups to address diabetes disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical cancer screening: Impact of collection technique on human papillomavirus detection and genotyping","authors":"Alisa P. Young ,&nbsp;Mutiya Olorunfemi ,&nbsp;Leigh Morrison ,&nbsp;Scott A. Kelley ,&nbsp;Anna Laurie ,&nbsp;Anna McEvoy ,&nbsp;Jill Schneiderhan ,&nbsp;Julie Prussack ,&nbsp;Marie Claire O'Dwyer ,&nbsp;Pamela Rockwell ,&nbsp;Philip Zazove ,&nbsp;Jonathan Gabison ,&nbsp;Jane Chargot ,&nbsp;Kristina Gallagher ,&nbsp;Ananda Sen ,&nbsp;Dongru Chen ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Haro ,&nbsp;Emma A. Butcher ,&nbsp;Martha L. Alves ,&nbsp;Christelle El Khoury ,&nbsp;Diane M. Harper","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US approved primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for speculum-based cervical cancer screening ten years ago and, in May 2024, approved the self-collection technique. Our study defines the kappa agreement between self- and speculum-based collection techniques for 15 types of high-risk HPV. Additionally, we describe the sensitivity and specificity ratios for HPV testing using both collection methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants recruited in 2020–2022 included 97 colposcopy attendees and 96 routine primary care screening attendees aged 30–65, who agreed to self-sample before their clinically scheduled speculum-based exam. Prevalence-based kappa calculated agreement, sensitivity and specificity ratios calculated accuracy using the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN 2+) threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average ages were 45.9 (SD 10.5) and 46.2 (SD 11.0) years for the colposcopy and primary care attendees, respectively. HPV 16, 68, and 39 were the most common types detected. The lower bound of the 95 % Cl for kappa calculations was above 0.81, indicating almost perfect agreement across all HPV genotypes. The sensitivity and specificity ratios were consistent at 1.0 across both collection methods. The HPV positivity rate was significantly higher among colposcopy attendees at 66 % (64/97), compared to 14 % (13/96) among routine primary care screeners. The study identified 17 women with CIN2 + .</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Primary HPV screening with self-collection is equivalent to speculum-based collection among people aged 30–65. The findings emphasize the utility of self-collection in identifying high-grade lesions and the consistency of HPV detection across different collection methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143084212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Screening and Screening Modalities among Patients seen at Federally Qualified Health Centers Funded by the United States Health Resources and Services Administration","authors":"Megan R.M. Aaronson ,&nbsp;Nadereh Pourat ,&nbsp;Connie Lu ,&nbsp;Jayraan Badiee ,&nbsp;Helen Yu-Lefler ,&nbsp;Benjamin Picillo ,&nbsp;Hank Hoang ,&nbsp;Folasade P. May","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Federally qualified health centers provide primary care services to millions of low-income patients in the United States who face challenges accessing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We aimed to understand how patient-level factors influence CRC screening participation and screening modality choice in this setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined data from the 2022 Health Center Patient Survey, 2021 Uniform Data System, and Area Health Resource File. We performed generalized multilevel logistic regression and multinomial regression to measure associations between our independent variables and receipt of any CRC screening and of screening modalities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1584 patients ages 50–75, most (56 %) reported having CRC screening, including 33 % with endoscopic screening only, 16 % with stool-based screening only, and 7 % with multiple modalities. Selected factors associated with any CRC screening included having five or more health center visits in the past year (aOR = 1.66, 95 %CI = 1.07–2.56), being insured (Medicaid aOR = 2.25, 95 %CI = 1.44–3.54; other insurance aOR = 2.69, 95 %CI = 1.51–4.82), living within 30  minutes of the health center (aOR = 1.93, 95 %CI = 1.15–3.25), having multiple comorbidities (aOR = 1.72, 95 %CI = 1.13–2.63), using telehealth (aOR = 1.52, 95 %CI = 1.02–2.27), and having a flu shot last year (aOR = 1.77, 95 %CI = 1.29–2.45). We observed that patients who are non-Hispanic Black (aOR = 3.52, 95 %CI = 1.28–9.68) and who do not speak English well or at all (aOR = 5.54, 95 %CI = 1.64–18.75) reported having multiple modalities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Federally qualified health center patients reported endoscopic CRC screening more commonly than stool-based screening, and barriers to access such as distance to the health center and English proficiency were impactful. Increasing CRC screening in low-income populations requires improving access and promoting opportunities for less invasive screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between social determinants of health and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and sex differences in US adults: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Chun Yang ,&nbsp;Na Zhang ,&nbsp;Tiankuo Gao ,&nbsp;Yingxin Zhu ,&nbsp;Chen Gong ,&nbsp;Mingyue Xu ,&nbsp;Cuicui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major public health issue, leading to productivity losses and higher healthcare costs. This study examines the association between social determinants of health (SDoH) and premature ASCVD, with a focus on sex differences.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data on self-reported SDoH based on Healthy People 2030 criteria were obtained from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2003–2018). Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between SDoH (including eight sub-items and the cumulative number of unfavorable SDoH) and premature ASCVD. Analyses were further stratified by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>A total of 40,536 participants aged ≥18 years (19,548 men and 20,888 women) were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of premature ASCVD was 1756 cases, with a weighted estimate of 7,625,240. Although women had a lower prevalence of premature ASCVD (3.2 % [<em>n</em> = 784] vs. 4.3 % [<em>n</em> = 972]), they exhibited a higher level of unfavorable SDoH compared to men. Logistic regression indicated a 21 % increase in risk for each additional unfavorable SDoH (AOR = 1.21; 95 % CI, 1.16–1.26), and the cumulative number of unfavorable SDoH were positively associated with the odds of developing premature ASCVD (P for trend &lt;0.01). Notably, the impact of unfavorable SDoH was greater in women, revealing significant sex disparities in susceptibility to premature ASCVD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates that unfavorable SDoH significantly increase the risk of developing premature ASCVD. Furthermore, the cumulative effect of unfavorable SDoH pose a higher risk for women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to’ The association of agricultural and non-agricultural work on the healthy ageing of older adults in Japan: A 6-year longitudinal study from the Japan Gerontological evaluation study’","authors":"Hiroki Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Kazushige Ide ,&nbsp;Hequn Wang ,&nbsp;Motoki Tamura ,&nbsp;Katsunori Kondo","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143228956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between health insurance coverage and stage of diagnosis for cervical cancer among females in Indiana from 2011 - 2019","authors":"Mrithula Suresh Babu ,&nbsp;Monica L. Kasting ,&nbsp;Natalia M. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Health insurance status is an important determinant of health outcomes for patients with cancer. This study aimed to assess the extent to which health insurance coverage in Indiana is a contributing factor to the stage of cervical cancer diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined reported cervical cancer cases among females (<em>N</em> = 2518) using cancer registry data from the Indiana Department of Health from 2011 to 2019. Analyses were carried out in SPSS. Using multinomial logistic regression, we examined associations of both insurance status and race/ethnicity with stage of diagnosis after adjusting for age at diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The multinomial analysis showed that uninsured females (OR = 2.42, 95 % CI = 1.35–4.35) and those who have Medicaid (OR = 2.36, 95 % CI = 1.62–3.42) were significantly more likely to be diagnosed at the regional stage than the in-situ stage compared to females with private insurance. Additionally, Black (OR = 1.98, 95 % CI = 1.21–3.24) and Hispanic females (OR = 2.19, 95 %CI = 1.04–4.61) were significantly more likely to be diagnosed at the regional stage than the in-situ stage when compared to Non-Hispanic White females. Females who are uninsured (OR = 4.43, 95 % CI = 2.23–8.44) and those who have Medicaid (OR = 3.03, 95 % CI = 1.91–4.80) were significantly more likely to be diagnosed at the distant stage than in-situ, compared to females with private insurance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Insurance status and race/ethnicity are associated with later stages of cervical cancer diagnosis. Increased coverage for routine cervical cancer screening and preventive care services is recommended, especially for racial/ethnic minority populations, the uninsured and those with public insurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of online food delivery service usage and its association with anthropometric measurements in Muscat, Oman; a cross-sectional study","authors":"Ahmed Yahya Al Kharusi ,&nbsp;Safa Khamis Ambusaidi ,&nbsp;Marwa Abdullah Al Raisi ,&nbsp;Haitham Mohammed Al Mahrouqi ,&nbsp;Asma Ali Al Kendi ,&nbsp;Muna Mohammed Almatrushi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Juma Al Abdali ,&nbsp;Sanjay Jaju ,&nbsp;Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In Oman, the popularity of online food delivery services has soared since their introduction two years before the pandemic. This study aims to assess the prevalence of online food delivery service usage among Omani individuals in the Muscat region and explore its association with overweight/obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in six randomly selected primary healthcare centres in the two most populous areas in Muscat region. Adults aged 18 years or older, who were able to read and write, and who attended the local health centre for any reason, were included. A consecutive sampling was used for enrolling subjects. A self-administered questionnaire was used and the study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2023. SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 467 participants were surveyed, revealing a high prevalence rate of online food delivery service usage (76.9 %,359). Younger age (<em>P</em> = 0.001), being single (<em>P</em> = 0.012), higher educational attainment (P = 0.001), absence of chronic diseases (<em>P</em> = 0.020),and physical inactivity (<em>P</em> = 0.028) were significant predictors. No association was found between online food delivery service usage and obesity/overweight (<em>P</em> = 0.109). While participants reported fair to good control over online food ordering, living alone emerged as a significant influencing factor, with dinner being the most commonly ordered meal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings align with global trends, highlighting the convenience of online food services. However, the predominance of unhealthy food options raises concerns about the long-term health implications. Future research should include other regions of Oman and adopt prospective longitudinal designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smokeless tobacco excise taxes in the US: Standardizing the measurement for empirical analysis","authors":"Yanyun He ,&nbsp;Zezhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Yang ,&nbsp;Ce Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The effect of smokeless tobacco (SLT) taxes on SLT use has received relatively little research attention in the US compared to the extensive focus on cigarette and e-cigarette taxation. The scarcity of SLT literature is partially due to the complexities of SLT taxes and the lack of standardized taxes. While some states imposed specific taxes based on the weight of the products, others imposed <em>ad valorem</em> taxes. These two types of tax schemas are not directly comparable, further complicating analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We standardize SLT taxes into two measures: first, we convert <em>ad valorem</em> taxes to specific taxes so that both taxes are expressed in $/ounce; second, we convert specific taxes to <em>ad valorem</em> taxes so that both taxes are measured as % of the wholesale price.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We extracted sales-weighted retail prices from the Nielsen Retail Scanner Data between 2006 and 2020. We developed a method to standardize SLT taxes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, the standardized SLT taxes exhibit a steadily increasing trend. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the average specific tax for chewing tobacco, moist snuff, dry snuff, and snus was $0.36, $0.91, $0.74, and $1.27 per ounce, respectively. The average <em>ad valorem</em> tax for chewing tobacco, moist snuff, dry snuff, and snus was 57.4 %, 47.5 %, 42.6 %, and 38.8 % of wholesale prices, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The SLT tax data provided here can serve as a valuable tool for policymakers in determining and refining SLT tax rates, further allowing future studies to understand their impacts on SLT use and related disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 102979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}