Preventive Medicine Reports最新文献

{"title":"Global burden of kidney cancer attributable to smoking: A systematic analysis of the 1990–2021 global burden of disease study","authors":"Dingtian Qi,&nbsp;Bowen Wang,&nbsp;Haoxun Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Xiong,&nbsp;Guoling Zhang,&nbsp;Chunyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological burden and temporal trends of kidney cancer (KC) attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 204 countries and regions, as provided in the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The study participants were patients with KC attributable to smoking. The Deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) were estimated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, KC attributable to smoking caused 16,216.48(95 % UI:9662.84 to 23,217.42) deaths globally, with DALYs at 382927.14(95 % UI:233634.99 to 536,755.44), YLDs at 16,084.01(95 % UI:9290.43 to 25,354.68), and YLLs at 366,843.12(95 % UI:223833.69 to 513,164.93). From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized rate (ASR) of disease indicators has declined globally, and middle-sociodemographic index (SDI) countries demonstrated the most substantial increase in ASRs for all indicators. The global number of DALYs has increased, with the most substantial increases occurring in high-middle SDI countries. The effective difference (EF) for all four disease indicators generally exhibited a spiraling expanding trend with increasing SDI. Predictive analysis suggests that the number of indicators will increase from 2022 to 2040, whereas ASR for these indicators is expected to decline annually through 2040.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The global burden of KC attributable to smoking remains substantial, particularly in high-SDI regions, especially among men. In recent years, Middle-SDI regions have exhibited the sharpest rise in disease burden, demanding continued focus. Addressing health outcomes solely through social development progress proves challenging,targeted strategies are essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of mobile health technology-enabled interventions to improve management and control of hypertension and diabetes in India- a systematic review","authors":"Ramesh Kumar Huda ,&nbsp;Rahul Singh Chowhan ,&nbsp;Dileep Seervi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In India, due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and the aging of the population, hypertension and diabetes have become the leading causes of morbidity and mortality over the past 20 years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of mobile health (mHealth) technology interventions on hypertension and diabetes control in India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Dimensions, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies conducted in India and published from inception to October 15th, 2024. The retrieved studies assessed the impact of mHealth technology interventions on hypertension and diabetes control in India. The Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, &amp; Study Design (PICOS) framework outlined the key elements of the review. This systematic review uses secondary data, so no ethical approval is needed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 782 potential articles assessed, eight met the inclusion criteria. mHealth technology-enabled Interventions were associated with significantly improved blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Additionally, digital health interventions, such as SMS-based education and mHealth platforms, greatly improve treatment adherence and patient satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Due to an increasing burden of chronic diseases, incorporating mHealth interventions in routine healthcare could be a game-changing strategy toward improved health outcomes, especially in areas with limited resources and access to traditional care. The study provides a basis on which future research can be done to develop further and implement digital health strategies for the management and control of diabetes and hypertension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of persons with multiple sclerosis covered by public drug insurance in a Quebec Birth Cohort","authors":"Yasmine Sadou ,&nbsp;Miceline Mésidor ,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Rousseau","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>People living with multiple sclerosis use medications for several indications, but little is known about their prescription drug use in Quebec, notably because the public drug insurance covers only part of the population. We compared the characteristics of those with public drug insurance to those privately covered.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a cohort of persons born in 1970–1974, we identified those living with multiple sclerosis by applying a validated algorithm to administrative health data. Individuals with public coverage were those who had at least one covered period after their date of diagnosis between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2014. We used descriptive statistics to compare sociodemographic and healthcare utilization characteristics by type of coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 1363 persons living with multiple sclerosis, 720 (53 %) were covered by the public drug insurance. Individuals with public drug coverage were younger, more likely to be materially and socially deprived, and had a lower median income than those with private insurance, but otherwise had similar sociodemographic characteristics. The proportion of people who had at least one multiple sclerosis-related visit to a general practitioner (39 % versus 45 %) and hospitalization (6 % versus 3 %) differed among those with public compared to private coverage. However, the utilization of other health services, including neurologist consultations, did not differ by type of drug coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People with multiple sclerosis covered by the public and private drug insurance differed in terms of age, income, deprivation, multiple sclerosis-related visits to a general practitioner and hospitalizations, but not neurologist consultations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferences for receiving diabetes prevention support and factors influencing healthy eating and physical activity and among patients with prediabetes in Chicago, Illinois","authors":"Angela Kong ,&nbsp;Mary Smart ,&nbsp;Yuka Asada ,&nbsp;Lourdes Deci Limpoco ,&nbsp;Chuxian Tang ,&nbsp;Janet Lin ,&nbsp;Brian T. Layden","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Lifestyle interventions that promote healthful eating and physical activity are recommended for individuals with prediabetes. However, individuals with low-income and racial and ethnic minority groups tend to be underserved by these programs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine patient preferences for delivery of diabetes prevention support and factors influencing healthful eating and physical activity in this sample of patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from this qualitative study were collected from January 2023 through May 2023. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 patients with prediabetes (hemoglobin A1c: 5.7 to 6.4 %) detected from screening in an urban emergency department in Chicago, Illinois. The emergency department primarily serves a racially and ethnically diverse patient population, especially individuals with low income. Themes were generated using both inductive and deductive methods. Initial codes were guided by the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Model for Behavior Change and Theoretical Domains Framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most patients (85.7 %) were interested in diabetes prevention support and preferred text-based delivery with some interaction. Patients were aware (84 %) that diabetes could be delayed or even prevented but had limited knowledge of prediabetes and its management. Overall, patients were highly motivated to engage in lifestyle change; however, individuals that experienced food insecurity or lived in unsupportive environments encountered unique barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight areas where diabetes prevention support (e.g., programs, services) can align their implementation with patient preferences and address basic needs. Taking such action might enhance uptake and engagement among groups at higher risk of diabetes who may not usually receive such support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing restaurant staff perceptions of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States children's healthy default beverage ordinance: A qualitative study one year post-implementation","authors":"Lisa P. Hofmann ,&nbsp;Samaya Trawick ,&nbsp;Danielle J. Gartner ,&nbsp;Melissa Fuster ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Gollub ,&nbsp;Megan Knapp","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Healthy Default Beverage (HDB) ordinances have been implemented across the United States to reduce sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake by making healthier options the default for children's meals. This study explored restaurant staff knowledge and perceptions of the HDB ordinance and its potential impact one year after its implementation in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted 21 in-person interviews with restaurant staff across 20 restaurants from March to May 2024, including independent, national chain, and local chain establishments. The interviews focused on the popularity of children's meals, beverages offered, restaurant staff knowledge and perceptions of the ordinance, and potential policy-related health benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The majority of restaurant staff supported the policy but expressed concerns about its implementation. Restaurant staff estimated that most children's meals were still ordered with SSBs. Staff felt the policy alone may not change behavior. They highlighted the need for broader public education on the health risks of SSBs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study identified key factors that may impact the effectiveness of the HDB ordinance, including the need for clearer guidelines, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and better support from public health authorities. Findings suggest that both restaurant staff and parents require further education to ensure the policy's success, especially in marginalized communities. Future research should focus on societal, cultural, and enforcement factors to optimize the impact of HDB policies in improving children's health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic diseases and lifestyle factors affect arthritis incidence in old Europeans - a cross analysis from the SHARE project","authors":"Fanji Qiu ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Li ,&nbsp;Liaoyan Gan ,&nbsp;Kirsten Legerlotz","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In the context of global aging, the burden of metabolic diseases and arthritis is escalating, necessitating a more comprehensive understanding of the associations between these diseases. As modifiable factor the effect of lifestyle on the progression of arthritis also needs to be considered. Thus, this study aimed to identify the associations of the number of metabolic diseases (MDs) and lifestyle factors, with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross analysis of data from European cohort collected between 2017 and 2021. The demographic information, lifestyle factors, and disease data were used for a prospective analysis to explore the impact of MDs on the prevalence of arthritis within the 4-year study period (<em>n</em> = 43,085). In addition, a cross-sectional analysis of 9th wave participants (<em>n</em> = 66,208) was conducted to investigate the relationship between lifestyle factors and arthritis. Cox regression and binary logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationships between various factors and arthritis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>About 6.52 % and 12.54 % participants developed RA and OA within the 4-year study period. Individuals with MDs exhibited a higher risk of new-onset arthritis compared to no-MDs participants. OA prevalence was positively associated with higher age, higher BMI, less physical activity (PA) and smoking. RA prevalence was positively associated with higher age, higher BMI and less PA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is a causal relationship between the number of MDs and new-onset Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. Arthritis prevention programs should consider metabolic diseases as well as lifestyle factors in patients at risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial inequities in COVID-19 vaccination in Philadelphia by race and income","authors":"Angela D'Adamo ,&nbsp;Alina Schnake-Mahl ,&nbsp;Usama Bilal ,&nbsp;Jane Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Vaccination is a key intervention to prevent severe COVID-19, but in the early months of vaccination availability in the United States, there were wide spatial inequities in vaccination by neighborood racial-ethnic composition and socioeconomic status. To explore whether and how these inequities persisted, we examined the association between neighborhood-level income and racial-ethnic composition and COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Philadelphia, and described trends in inequities in 2021 and 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using vaccination data for 46 Philadelphia neighborhoods (zip codes), from the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, we estimated vaccination coverage on April 18th, September 26th, and November 21st of 2021, as well as April 3rd, June 26th, and August 7th of 2022. We estimated and compared average vaccination coverage by neighborhood-level income and racial-ethnic composition. We explored inequities in coverage by estimating absolute and relative differences in vaccination by date.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccination coverage varied substantially by neighborhood-level income and racial-ethnic composition. On all dates, rates were higher in high income and non-Hispanic White neighborhoods compared to medium-income, low-income, mixed, and non-Hispanic Black neighborhoods. The absolute and relative differences in vaccination between neighborhoods narrowed over time but persisted through August 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides evidence for the importance of policies that target low-income and non-Hispanic Black neighborhoods during pandemics, including during vaccination rollout, as they have experienced a disproportionate infection, hospitalization, and mortality burden due to COVID-19 and experienced lower vaccination rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased vulnerability to psychological distress and suicidal ideation among transgender women with self-reported disabilities in San Francisco, California","authors":"Abtin Shafie ,&nbsp;Alexis Salvatore ,&nbsp;Riley Shea ,&nbsp;Eileen Yu ,&nbsp;Oyku Ozyucel ,&nbsp;Ansharan Akbar ,&nbsp;Bow Suprasert ,&nbsp;Erin C. Wilson ,&nbsp;Willi McFarland ,&nbsp;Kelly D. Taylor ,&nbsp;Sean Arayasirikul","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>Research among transgender women has found health, but especially mental health, to be shaped by social inequities and multiple, intersectional, structural vulnerabilities. While some studies have shown that transgender adults are also more likely to have a disability than cisgender adults, few studies have explored this intersection. We assess possible associations between disability status and psychological stress and suicidal ideation among transgender women.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>We analyzed data from the San Francisco site of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Transgender (NHBS-Trans) Study (2019–2020) to explore how disability status among transgender women influences mental health. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests to assess associations between disability status and psychological distress. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the magnitude of these associations adjusted for potential confounders.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>71.14 % of the sample (<em>N</em> = 201) reported living with one or more disabilities. Participants with 1+ disabilities had more than 10 times the odds of reporting high levels of psychological distress (aOR 10.46, 95 % CI 3.06–35.74) and more than five times the odds of reporting suicidal ideation (aOR 5.83, 95 % CI 1.69–20.15) compared to those with no disabilities. Participants with 2+ disabilities had 10+ times the odds of reporting suicidal ideation compared to participants with no disabilities (aOR 10.77, 95 % CI 2.94–39.51).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Transgender women living with disabilities face multiple intersecting inequities likely attributable to living in a world that is not built for them on the basis of gender identity and disability status. The resulting psychological distress, alongside transphobia and ableism, can exacerbate mental health issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient preferences for stroke prevention treatments in atrial fibrillation in Asia: A discrete choice experiment","authors":"Rosa Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Lu ,&nbsp;Gabriela Fernandez ,&nbsp;Nicolas Krucien ,&nbsp;Dong Huang ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Higashiyama ,&nbsp;Juan Du ,&nbsp;Xin Ye ,&nbsp;Tommi Tervonen ,&nbsp;Matthew Quaife","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation should be adapted to patient needs and preferences. This study quantifies patient preferences for key characteristics of atrial fibrillation stroke prevention treatments in China, Taiwan, and South Korea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey was developed based on a targeted literature review and discussions with clinical and methodological experts. The DCE included six attributes: risks of death, severe disabilities, mild or moderate disabilities, non-disabling events; intake with food; and dosing frequency. DCE data were analyzed using mixed multinomial logit models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In January to March 2023, 307 participants completed the DCE in China (<em>n</em> = 155), Taiwan (<em>n</em> = 76), and South Korea (n = 76). Average time since atrial fibrillation diagnosis was 6.3 years. Participants preferred treatments with improved clinical outcomes, with reduced risk of death being their most important attribute. They valued a 1 % reduction in severe disability risk the same as a 0.36 % death risk reduction, a 1 % reduction in mild or moderate disability risk the same as a 0.25 % death risk reduction, and a 1 % reduction in non-disabling event risk the same as a 0.18 % death risk reduction. Participant preferences on intake with food and dosing frequency were more heterogeneous than for clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients with atrial fibrillation were willing to accept an increased risk of non-disabling events in exchange for a reduced risk of death but had diverse preferences for treatment administration characteristics. These findings can inform patient-centered treatment strategies that consider the relative importance of treatment attributes in clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco policy coverage in California jurisdictions before and after enactment of proposition 56","authors":"Dennis R. Trinidad ,&nbsp;Candice D. Donaldson ,&nbsp;Brian Dang ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Stone ,&nbsp;Thet Nwe Myo Khin ,&nbsp;Sara B. McMenamin ,&nbsp;Yuyan Shi ,&nbsp;Tam D. Vuong ,&nbsp;Xueying Zhang ,&nbsp;Karen Messer ,&nbsp;John P. Pierce","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Proposition 56, a $2 tobacco tax enacted in California in 2016, led to increased funding to Local Lead Agencies which work to reduce tobacco use. We examined whether Proposition 56 was associated with increases in the population covered by local policies addressing four areas: 1) tobacco retail sales (TRS), 2) flavored tobacco products sales (FTP), 3) outdoor secondhand smoke (SHS) restrictions, and 4) smoking restrictions in multi-unit housing (MUH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>2007–2023 data from the Policy Evaluation Tracking System in California were analyzed. The unit of analysis was the California jurisdiction, with outcome the time (in months) to policy enactment in a jurisdiction. Kaplan-Meier estimates and population coverage percentages were calculated by weighing each jurisdiction by its population size. Discrete-time survival models were fitted to test the effect of Proposition 56 on the rate of population coverage for each policy of interest.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By January 2023, 79 % of the California population was covered by a local SHS policy but only 55 %, 47 % and 18 % was covered by a local TRS, FTP and MUH policy, respectively. The rate of increase in TRS and FTP policy coverage was greater post-Proposition 56 than pre-Proposition 56 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), while the rate of increase did not change significantly for MUH and SHS policies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Proposition 56 was associated with marked increases in the enactment of TRS and FTP, but not SHS or MUH policies. Despite increases post-Proposition 56, additional efforts are needed to increase local adoption of TRS, FTP and MUH policies because coverage remains low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 103080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}