Preventive Medicine Reports最新文献

{"title":"Coupons and state tobacco policy context as predictors of tobacco use among those reporting e-cigarette use in the U.S.: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study waves 5-6 (2018-2021).","authors":"J H Kingsbury, H L Kimmel, M J Parks, M R Creamer, C Blanco, W M Compton","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Receipt of cigarette and e-cigarette coupons predicts initiation and progression of use and hinders cessation. Less is known about how coupons operate in different tobacco regulatory environments. The current study utilized longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study to address this research gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults who reported past 30-day (P30D) e-cigarette use at Wave 5 (2018-2019) were included (<i>N</i> = 3632). The primary outcome was Wave 6 (2021) P30D any tobacco use. Wave 5 predictors were receipt of e-cigarette coupons, state e-cigarette tax, state tobacco policy context, flavored e-cigarette use, income, and education. Covariates were age, sex, race, state coupon policy, and Wave 5 use of tobacco other than e-cigarettes. Weighted logistic regression models examined effects overall and in samples stratified by state e-cigarette tax and tobacco policy context.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Controlling for covariates, Wave 5 coupon receipt (AOR = 1.57; 95 % CI: 1.07, 2.31) and preference for flavored e-cigarettes (AOR = 1.70; 1.37, 2.10) were positively associated with Wave 6 tobacco use. Stronger state tobacco policy context was negatively associated with tobacco use (AOR = 0.69; 0.55, 0.88). Coupon receipt predicted tobacco use in states with an e-cigarette tax (AOR = 2.39; 1.22, 4.68) and with stronger tobacco policy contexts (AOR = 1.80; 1.07, 3.02), but not in states without an e-cigarette tax (AOR = 1.29; 0.83, 1.99) or with weaker tobacco policy contexts (AOR = 1.33; 0.78, 2.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Policies that restrict price-discounting could help discourage e-cigarette use, reinforce e-cigarette taxes and other tobacco control policies, and promote cessation of all tobacco among those reporting e-cigarette use.</p>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"102943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of parent reminder-recall letters to promote human papillomavirus vaccination.","authors":"Joan M Griffin, Xuan Zhu, Wei Yi Kong, Robert M Jacobson, Kathy L MacLaughlin, Jennifer L St Sauver, Jeph Herrin, Gregory D Jenkins, Nicole L Larson, Lila J Finney Rutten","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. Our stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial found that reminder-recall letters sent to parents of age-eligible children significantly increased vaccine uptake compared to usual care. Subsequently, we conducted a process evaluation to assess the mechanisms of the letter's effectiveness. This study evaluated who remembered the letter, use of provided resources, and child vaccination status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional evaluation included data from parents (<i>n</i> = 1165) of adolescents ages 11-12 from six primary care practices who received letters about their child's HPV vaccination status. From 2018 to 2022, parents were mailed reminder-recall letters and then sent questionnaires 12-15 months after receiving the letter. Questionnaires asked if parents recalled the letter, whether their child received a vaccination and, if not, reasons for not vaccinating, and attitudes and beliefs about HPV vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1165 of 1991 questionnaires were completed (59 %). Over half (58 %) remembered the reminder-recall letter. Compared to those not remembering the letter, those who did were significantly more likely to have had their child vaccinated (56 % versus 44 %, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Of those who remembered the letter but did not vaccinate, the majority reported misperceptions about their child being too young (26 %) or concerns about vaccine safety (20 %). Of those who did not remember the letter and did not vaccinate, the primary reason was not knowing the child was due for vaccination (27 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reminder-recall letters cued the majority of parents to complete HPV vaccination; however, vaccine misperceptions remain a challenge, indicating the need for additional communication strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"102942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and awareness of asbestos risk among General Practitioners: Validation of a questionnaire in an area with a high incidence of asbestos-related diseases.","authors":"Marinella Bertolotti, Manuela Tamburro, Angelo Salzo, Antonella Cassinari, Stefania Crivellari, Carlotta Bertolina, Marianna Farotto, Carmen Adesso, Michela Anna Di Palma, Anna Natale, Federico Torregiani, Guglielmo Pacileo, Antonio Maconi, Giancarlo Ripabelli","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the critical role of general practitioners (GPs) in the early diagnosis and management of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs), and the significant history of asbestos fibres pollution in Alessandria Local Health Authority (ASL AL), this project aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of asbestos risks, as well as the experience in diagnosing ARDs among GPs working in Alessandria province, Northern Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was administered to 216 GPs from all ASL AL territorial districts during 26 Territorial Assistance Equipes (EATs) meetings, held from September 2022 to January 2023. It contained 29 questions covering three main areas: 'knowledge and awareness', 'competence and experience', 'sociodemographic characteristics and workload'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although GPs were aware of the health hazards of asbestos (94 %) and the increased risk of mesothelioma from asbestos exposure (92.6 %), significant disparities and heterogeneity of knowledge were observed among territorial districts and by comparing Casale Monferrato district with all the others, particularly regarding asbestos exposure routes, reporting of occupational diseases, and mesothelioma latency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This project provides a comprehensive overview of GPs' knowledge, awareness and experience in managing ARDs, providing indications of customised training requirements. This evaluation could be extended to all areas with a history of previous asbestos exposure and provide a useful tool for policy makers to define and plan strategic actions on asbestos. This work could also be adapted to different realities with a history of environmental pollutant exposure other than asbestos, which pose a risk for the development of several diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"102940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early onset of e-cigarette use and subsequent use frequency among US high school students","authors":"Ruoyan Sun ,&nbsp;Nengjun Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine whether the age of e-cigarette use onset predicts subsequent use of e-cigarettes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) from 2022. Our sample consisted of 4537 US high school students who had ever used e-cigarettes. Age of first e-cigarette use was assessed by a categorical variable (<span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span>12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, and <span><math><mo>≥</mo></math></span>17 years). We also constructed a binary variable of early onset use (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span>14 years vs <span><math><mo>≥</mo></math></span>14 years). <em>E</em>-cigarette use outcomes in the past 30 days included any use and frequent use (used on <span><math><mo>≥</mo></math></span>20 days). Weighted multivariable logistic regressions were conducted for each outcome to assess the associations between early onset of e-cigarette use and subsequent use frequency, adjusting for a list of covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 4537 high school students who had ever used e-cigarettes, 49.5 % (95 % CI, 46.1 %–52.9 %) reported any use in the past 30 days and 22.8 % (95 % CI, 20.0 %–25.7 %) reported frequent e-cigarette use. Early-onset users, compared with those who tried e-cigarettes at age 14 or older, showed significantly higher risks of any use (aRR = 1.21, 95 % CI, 1.11–1.33) and frequent use (aRR = 1.88, 95 % CI, 1.60–2.20) in the past 30 days. We found younger age at first use to be associated with higher risk of current and frequent use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings highlight the importance for age-sensitive efforts, prioritizing younger adolescents, to prevent and delay e-cigarette use initiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver worry about COVID-19 as a predictor of social mitigation behaviours and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 12-city U.S. surveillance study of households with children","authors":"Steven M. Brunwasser ,&nbsp;Tebeb Gebretsadik ,&nbsp;Anisha Satish ,&nbsp;Jennifer C. Cole ,&nbsp;William D. Dupont ,&nbsp;Christine Joseph ,&nbsp;Casper G. Bendixsen ,&nbsp;Agustin Calatroni ,&nbsp;Samuel J. Arbes Jr ,&nbsp;Patricia C. Fulkerson ,&nbsp;Joshua Sanders ,&nbsp;Leonard B. Bacharier ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Camargo, Jr ,&nbsp;Christine Cole Johnson ,&nbsp;Glenn T. Furuta ,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Gruchalla ,&nbsp;Ruchi S. Gupta ,&nbsp;Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Jackson ,&nbsp;Meyer Kattan ,&nbsp;Tina V. Hartert","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Understanding compliance with COVID-19 mitigation recommendations is critical for informing efforts to contain future infectious disease outbreaks. This study tested the hypothesis that higher levels of worry about COVID-19 illness among household caregivers would predict lower (a) levels of overall and discretionary social exposure activities and (b) rates of household SARS-CoV-2 infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were drawn from a surveillance study of households with children (<em>N</em> = 1913) recruited from 12 U.S. cities during the initial year of the pandemic and followed for 28 weeks (data collection: 1-May-2020 through 22-Feb-2021). Caregivers rated how much they worried about family members getting COVID-19 and subsequently reported household levels of outside-the-home social activities that could increase risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission at 14 follow-ups. Caregivers collected household nasal swabs on a fortnightly basis and peripheral blood samples at study conclusion to monitor for SARS-CoV-2 infections by polymerase chain reaction and serology. Primary analyses used generalized linear and generalized mixed-effects modelling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Caregivers with high enrollment levels of worry about COVID-19 illness were more likely to reduce direct social contact outside the household, particularly during the U.S.'s most deadly pandemic wave. Households of caregivers with lower COVID-19 worry had higher odds of (a) reporting discretionary outside-the-home social interaction and (b) SARS-CoV-2 infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This was, to our knowledge, the first study showing that caregiver COVID-19 illness worry was predictive of both COVID-19 mitigation compliance and laboratory-determined household infection. Findings should inform studies weighing the adaptive value of worrying about infectious disease outbreaks against established detrimental health effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 102936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to diagnostic colonoscopy after a positive non-invasive screening test for colorectal cancer in two Indiana healthcare systems","authors":"Benjamin Richter ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Roth ,&nbsp;Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo ,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Rick Tuason ,&nbsp;Thomas F. Imperiale","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe trends in the use of non-invasive tests (NIST) and the interval between a positive NIST and diagnostic colonoscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a retrospective time-trend design, we examined medical records of patients within two large Indiana integrated healthcare systems who had a positive NIST between January 2019 and June 2021 and quantified the proportion of patients who had not completed colonoscopy within 60, 90, and 180 days to determine the interval between NIST result and diagnostic colonoscopy in days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1379 patients with positive NISTs, 930 (68 %) underwent diagnostic colonoscopy during the 30-month study timeframe. Median time to colonoscopy completion was significantly longer in 2020 compared to 2019 (50 vs. 37 days, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and 2021 (46 days, <em>p</em> = 0.06). The proportion of patients completing colonoscopy within 90 days of a positive FIT in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 79 %, 83 %, and 72 %, respectively (<em>p</em> = 0.63), and were 86 %, 78 %, and 84 %, respectively, after positive FIT/DNA (<em>p</em> = 0.07). Median time to diagnostic colonoscopy completion was significantly longer in 2020, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Studies of outcomes in those who declined or delayed colonoscopy in 2020 are needed to estimate the potential subsequent colorectal cancer disease burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 102937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of sociodemographic and smoking characteristics with intention to quit among Chinese adults aged 20–69 years who smoke: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018–19","authors":"Zhen-xiao Huang ,&nbsp;Ying-hua Li ,&nbsp;Ying Xie ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Zheng Su ,&nbsp;Xin Xia ,&nbsp;Dan Xiao ,&nbsp;Chen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify factors influencing the intention to quit (ItQ) among Chinese who smoke, focusing on 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) Nicotine dependence. Additionally, to estimate the number of individuals with ItQ, supporting optimal allocation of cessation resources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used data from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study with 20,288 participants who smoke currently aged 20–69 years. The ItQ proportions were estimated overall and by subgroup. Logistic regression was employed to estimate ORs and 95 % CIs for ItQ. The number of people who smoke with ItQ was estimated based on the census data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In China, 41.34 % of individuals who smoke had ItQ, higher in females (44.89 %) than males (41.34 %). Provincial proportions ranged from 23.53 % to 63.56 %. ItQ was significantly associated with smoking characteristics, including occasional smoking (OR = 2.08, 95 % CI = 1.88–2.20), fewer pack-years (OR = 0.70, 95 % CI = 0.68–0.73), older smoking initiation age (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.18–1.27), and ICD-10 Nicotine dependence (OR = 1.12, 95 % CI = 1.06–1.19), as well as age, sex, socioeconomic factors, and health status. Withdrawal symptoms were positively associated with ItQ in individuals who smoke without ICD-10 Nicotine dependence but negatively in those with ICD-10 Nicotine dependence. An estimated 100.3 million adults aged 20–69 in China have ItQ, with 52.14 million suffering from ICD-10 Nicotine dependence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The intention to quit smoking among Chinese who smoke is low and varies by ICD-10 Nicotine dependence and region, underscoring the need for targeted smoking cessation interventions across diverse smoking populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 102933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituting time spent in physical activity and sedentary time and its association with cardiovascular disease among northwest Chinese adults","authors":"Yutong Wang ,&nbsp;Peiying Yang ,&nbsp;Huimeng Liu ,&nbsp;Suixia Cao ,&nbsp;Jingchun Liu ,&nbsp;Yating Huo ,&nbsp;Kun Xu ,&nbsp;Binyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengchun Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Huang ,&nbsp;Chunlai Yang ,&nbsp;Lingxia Zeng ,&nbsp;Shaonong Dang ,&nbsp;Baibing Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the association between physical activity (PA) and leisure-time sedentary time and cardiovascular disease (CVD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China from June 2018 to May 2019. PA and leisure-time sedentary time were self-reported. Logistic regression models analyzed the association of PA and leisure-time sedentary time with CVD prevalence individually and jointly. Restricted cubic spline analyses assessed dose-response relationships. Isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate substituting leisure-time sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with CVD prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of CVD was 31.8 %. Compared to the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile of total PA had a 32 % lower CVD prevalence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.68, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.74; <em>P</em> for trend &lt;0.001). The fully adjusted OR for the highest quartile of leisure-time sedentary time compared to the lowest quartile was 1.09 (1.01–1.18; <em>P</em> for trend =0.04). An L-shaped dose-response relationship was observed between PA and CVD prevalence. An active lifestyle and reduced daily leisure-time sedentary time were associated with a 26 % (0.74 [0.63–0.86]) lower CVD prevalence. Additionally, substituting 30 min/day of leisure-time sedentary time with equivalent MVPA was associated with a 2 % (0.98 [0.97–0.99]) reduction in CVD prevalence. Substituting sedentary time with LPA was associated with a lower CVD prevalence in females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An active lifestyle was associated with a lower prevalence of CVD in regional populations, suggesting a feasible strategy for CVD prevention and regional health promotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 102934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social isolation and loneliness and their association with all-cause mortality. A population-based longitudinal study in Norway: The Tromsø Study 1994–2023","authors":"Ola Løvsletten,&nbsp;Tormod Brenn","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased mortality, but few studies have assessed this association over long time in young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study sample comprised 9061 women and 8735 men aged 25 to 69 years who participated in the Tromsø4 survey (1994–95, baseline) of the Tromsø Study, Norway. A subset of the study sample also attended the Tromsø5 (2001), Tromsø6 (2007–08), and Tromsø7 (2015–16) surveys. Participants were followed up for all-cause mortality until November 2023; with 1630 women and 2099 men deceased. Information on social isolation (least isolated, modestly isolated, and most isolated) and loneliness (yes, no) were taken from self-administered questionnaires. Sex-specific, time-varying Cox models were employed, updating exposures and covariates from Tromsø5.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most-isolated versus least-isolated women and men had hazard ratios of 1.37 (95 % confidence interval 1.18–1.59) and 1.41 (1.25–1.60), respectively, after adjustment for covariates. These hazard ratios were higher in younger adults (HR = 1.55 in women and HR = 1.76 in men aged &lt;50 years at baseline), though the age-isolation interaction was not statistically significant in women (<em>P</em> = 0.26), but in men (<em>P</em> = 0.01). For loneliness, the adjusted hazard ratios were 1.51 (1.23–1.87) and 1.46 (1.16–1.84). Over time, 51 % and 47 % of participants remained most isolated at Tromsø5 and Tromsø7, respectively; 25 % of those initially lonely remained so at Tromsø5, while only 2.6 % of those initially non-lonely became lonely at Tromsø5.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both social isolation and loneliness are strongly associated with all-cause mortality, particularly among younger adults, underscoring their importance as public health concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anger and associated risk and protective factors among rural American adolescents: Implications for violence prevention","authors":"Rosalina Mills ,&nbsp;Christa L. Lilly ,&nbsp;Robin A. Pollini ,&nbsp;Keith J. Zullig ,&nbsp;Traci Jarrett ,&nbsp;Alfgeir L. Kristjansson","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescent violence in the United States is a prevalent public health problem and is understudied in rural settings. Anger is a significant risk factor for adolescent violence. To better craft adolescent violence interventions, it is important to examine anger and identify its most significant associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study examined (1) self-reported anger changes over time for rural American adolescents; and (2) structural, community, interpersonal, and individual level factors that may contribute to anger.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed self-reported survey data from West Virginian middle schoolers (<em>N</em> = 2861) with anger as the outcome. Data was collected twice yearly from October 2020 through April 2023. Independent variables included perceptions of inequality, individual socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood characteristics, family structure, support from adults at home and school, and harsh parenting.</div></div><div><h3>Analysis</h3><div>Generalized estimating equation Poisson regression models for main effects and gender interaction were used. Parameter estimates were exponentiated and interpreted as Rate Ratios (RR). Self-reported gender was an effect modifier.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant main effects included perceived inequality (RR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.97–0.99), SES (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98–0.99), supportive adults at school (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98–0.99), primary caregiver support (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98–0.99), and harsh parenting (RR = 1.10, 95 % CI = 1.05–1.05). Significant gender interaction terms included perceived harsh parenting (RR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.97–0.99) and supportive adults at school (RR = 1.01, 95 % CI = 1.00–1.02) for ‘other’ genders (i.e., participants identifying as neither boy nor girl) compared to boys.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings underline the importance of examining rural adolescent anger development and associated risk factors for designing prevention approaches to curb downstream violent behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}