Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Simplifying Radiomics Workflow for Predicting Grade of Glioma: An Approach for Rapid and Reproducible Radiomics.","authors":"Yunus Soleymani, Peyman Sheikhzadeh, Mohammad Mohammadzadeh, Davood Khezerloo","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2208-1525","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2208-1525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiomics with single Region of Interest (ROI) and single-sequence Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may facilitate the segmentation reproducibility and radiomics workflow due to a time-consuming and complicated delineation of that in multi-sequence MRI images.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the radiomics approach in grading glioma based on a single-ROI delineation as Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) in a single - sequence as contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on contrast-enhanced T1 weighted (CE T1W) MRI images of 60 grade II and 60 grade III glioma patients. The GTV regions were manually delineated. Radiomics features were extracted per patient. The segmentation reproducibility of the robust features was evaluated in several repetitions of GTV delineation. Finally, a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) assessed the classification performance of the robust features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four significant robust features were selected for training the model (<i>P</i>-value<0.05). The average Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of the four features was 0.96 in several repetitions of GTV delineation. The linear SVM model differentiated grades II and III of glioma with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.9 in the training group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High predicting power for glioma grading can be achieved with radiomics analysis by a single-ROI delineated on a single-sequence MRI image (CE T1W). In addition, single-ROI segmentation can increase radiomics reproducibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Effect of Lesion Volume and Focal Temperature Caused by HIFU Combined with Different Concentrations and Volumes of Ethanol on Porcine Liver.","authors":"Hu Dong, Jiwen Hu, Xiao Zou, Wei Chen","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2403-1737","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2403-1737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a rapidly developing non-invasive treatment method for tumors in recent years.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the lesion and temperature effects of HIFU combined with different concentrations and volumes of ethanol on porcine liver.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, different concentrations and volumes of ethanol were injected into the focal area of porcine liver using B-mode ultrasound, and the focal temperature was monitored using a k-type needle thermocouple. The peak negative pressure and sound intensity at the focal point of porcine liver were calculated by Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation. Further, the presence of cavitation effects within porcine liver was further determined by ultrasound hyperechoic. The differences in lesion volume and temperature, caused by different concentrations and volumes of ethanol on porcine liver, were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HIFU irradiation combined with ethanol injection caused greater lesion volume and higher focal temperature in porcine liver. At the same HIFU irradiation power, an increase in the volume of ethanol resulted in an increase in lesion volume and focal temperature. At a fixed volume of ethanol injected and HIFU irradiation power, higher ethanol concentrations resulted in higher lesion volumes and focal temperature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of HIFU and ethanol synergistically affects the lesion of porcine liver, manifested as the larger the ethanol concentration and volume, the larger the lesion volume and the higher the focal temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival by Selection: The Role of Natural Selection in Developing Biological Radiation Defenses.","authors":"Seyed Alireza Mortazavi, Ilham Said-Salman, Sami El Khatib, Parmis Taghizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Lembit Sihver","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2405-1764","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2405-1764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural selection, a cornerstone of evolutionary biology, shapes the adaptations organisms develop to survive environmental pressures. This paper explores how natural selection drives biological adaptations to radiation exposure. We examine the genetic mechanisms at play, exemplified by the enhanced DNA repair capabilities observed in bacteria like Escherichia coli (E. coli) following exposure to radiation. We then investigate adaptations in humans residing in high-background radiation areas, highlighting potential genetic variations for radiation resistance. Finally, the contemporary relevance of natural selection is discussed, emphasizing its role in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the need for sustainable medical practices. By studying these adaptations, we gain a deeper understanding of evolution and its implications for medicine, conservation, and our overall understanding of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"101-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Breast Cup Size and Breast Cancer Incidence: Insights from a Global Dataset.","authors":"Mehdi Faraz, Samaneh Nematollahi, Sedigheh Tahmasebi, James S Welsh, Joseph John Bevelacqua, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Seyed Alireza Mortazavi","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2412-1869","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2412-1869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between breast size and breast cancer risk is complex and not fully understood. This study investigates how breast size, categorized by cup size, correlates with age-standardized rates (ASR) of breast cancer incidence. Data were collected from two sources: breast cancer incidence rates from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and breast size data from \"Data Pandas,\" an open-access database. This allowed for a cross-country analysis of breast cancer incidence and breast size characteristics. Descriptive statistics indicated that ASR increased with larger cup sizes, ranging from 34.72 (AA) to 90.17 (C). An ANOVA test revealed significant differences in mean ASR among cup size groups (F=14.416, <i>P</i><0.001), with Bonferroni comparisons showing distinct clusters: smaller sizes (AA, AA-A, A) differed significantly from larger sizes (A-B, B, B-C, C).The largest mean ASR difference was between groups A and C (-42.93, P=0.001), highlighting higher ASR in larger cup sizes. This suggests a significant association between breast cup size and breast cancer ASR, potentially linked to physiological or hormonal factors.Despite limitations, these findings prompt further investigation. The next phase will focus on breast cancer patients, addressing relevant risk factors for a more comprehensive understanding of the associations observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Dose Calculation Accuracy of Monaco Treatment Planning System for Effective Wedge Angle in Internal Wedged Fields using Two Different Analytical Methods.","authors":"Ali Bahari, Seyed Salman Zakariaee, Hamed Rezaeejam, Ali Tarighatnia, Mikaeil Molazadeh","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2409-1816","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2409-1816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In radiotherapy, the accuracy of dose calculation systems plays a key role in the treatment of cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current research aimed to evaluate the dose calculation accuracy of Monaco Treatment Planning System (TPS) in estimating the Effective Wedge Angle (EWA) using two different mathematical methods: Elekta formula and ICRU-24 formula.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, EWAs for different field sizes (5×5, 10×10, 15×15, 20×20, 25×25, and 30×30 cm²) at standard angles (15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) were computed by the Monaco TPS using two different analytical methods. The practical EWAs were measured according to the conditions outlined in the Elekta formula and the ICRU-24 formula, and these measurements were compared with the results derived from the TPS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The planned and measured EWAs are consistent with the Elekta formula, and the error value was less than ±0.5 in all radiation fields and EWAs. In the ICRU-24 formula, the maximum deviation was ±2.6° between the computational and practical EWAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Elekta-based analytical method demonstrates a good agreement between planned and measured EWAs, while the ICRU-24 formula exhibited the greatest discrepancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Evaluation of the Effect of MIS and COS Surgical Techniques on Patients with Spondylolisthesis using a Musculoskeletal Model.","authors":"Sajad Azizi, Mohammad Nikkhoo, Mostafa Rostami, Chih-Hsiu Cheng","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2406-1781","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2406-1781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The biomechanical impacts of Conventional Open Surgery (COS) versus Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) fusion techniques on adjacent segments and their potential role in developing Adjacent Segment Disease (ASD) remain uncertain for spondylolisthesis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact of MIS and COS fusion surgeries on adjacent spinal segments for spondylolisthesis, through on muscle injury and developing ASD.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This prospective and non-randomized controls study used a validated musculoskeletal model to compare the biomechanical effects of COS and MIS L₄/L₅ fusion surgery on patients with spondylolisthesis. The model incorporated kinematic data from 30 patients who underwent each surgery. A sitting task was simulated to model post-operative muscle atrophy, and the analysis focused on changes in biomechanics of adjacent spinal segments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lumbar flexion was significantly greater (201%) in MIS vs. COS, despite similar pelvic tilt. Consequently, Lumbopelvic Rhythm (LPR) also increased in MIS (133%). Both techniques altered inter-segmental moments. While inter-joint load was higher in COS, only the lower joint's compressive load was significantly greater (67%). Additionally, MIS required lower overall muscle force with reduced loads and passive moment on spinal joints compared to COS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that MIS fusion preserves physiological LPR better than COS. MIS maintains normal spinal curvature and maintains lumbar lordosis. While open surgery can lead to abnormal curvature and increased muscle forces to compensate for spinal stability. The study emphasizes the importance of paraspinal muscles in influencing spinal load distribution during MIS compare to COS.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"49-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluating the Paradox: Does Low-Dose Radiation from A-Bombs Affect Lifespan and Cancer Mortality?","authors":"Razieh Rashidfar, Zeynab Seyedi Sarhad, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Lembit Sihver","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2408-1804","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2408-1804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Interfractional Setup Uncertainties and Calculation of Adequate CTV-PTV Margin for Head and Neck Radiotherapy using Electronic Portal Imaging Device.","authors":"Elham Ahmadi, Azam Eskandari, Mohammad Mohammadi, Maryam Naji, Shahrokh Naseri, Hamid Gholamhosseinian","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2211-1565","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2211-1565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The evaluation of treatment-associated errors is important in the radiotherapy process, particularly those resulting related to patient setup.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aimed to assess the interfractional setup errors and determine the Clinical Target Volume to Planning Target Volume (CTV to PTV) margin in patients undergoing 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) for head and neck cancer by means of electronic portal imaging device.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this analytical study, 300 portal images were acquired from 50 patients undergoing 3DCRT for head and neck cancer. Using the portal images of Lateral (LAT) and Antero-Posterior (AP) fields, population systematic (∑) and random (σ) errors were obtained in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions. Finally, based on the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 62's, Stroom's and Van Herk's methods, Planning target volume margins were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The translational shift ranges were 0-8.1 mm in the ML, 0-9 mm in the SI (AP), 0-8.8 mm in the SI (LAT), and 0-10 mm in the AP directions. The population systematic and random errors were respectively 3.230, 2.753, and 2.997 mm, and 1.476, 1.853, and 1.715 mm in X, Y, and Z directions. The calculated PTV margins using the ICRU-62, Stroom's, and Van Herk's formulae were ranging from 3.236-3.551, 6.605-7.493, and 7.932-9.108 mm, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A PTV margin of 7.5-9.5 mm seems safe for ensuring adequate treatment volume coverage. In addition, the EPID is an effective equipment for verifying patient positioning and reducing treatment setup errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECG Signal Classification of Cardiovascular Disorder using CWT and DCNN.","authors":"Tawfikur Rahman, Rasel Ahommed, Nibedita Deb, Utpal Kanti Das, Md Moniruzzaman, Md Alamgir Bhuiyan, Farzana Sultana, Md Kamruzzaman Kausar","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2307-1636","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2307-1636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) requires precise and efficient diagnostic tools. The manual analysis of Electrocardiograms (ECGs) is labor-intensive, necessitating the development of automated methods to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aimed to develop an automated ECG classification using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), and transform 1D ECG signals into 2D spectrograms using CWT and train a DCNN to accurately detect abnormalities associated with CVD. The DCNN is trained on datasets from PhysioNet and the MIT-BIH and the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset. The integrated CWT and DCNN enable simultaneous classification of multiple ECG abnormalities alongside normal signals.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This analytical observational research employed CWT to generate spectrograms from 1D ECG signals, as input to a DCNN trained on diverse datasets. The model is evaluated using performance metrics, such as precision, specificity, recall, overall accuracy, and F1-score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed algorithm demonstrates remarkable performance metrics with a precision of 100% for normal signals, an average specificity of 100%, an average recall of 97.65%, an average overall accuracy of 98.67%, and an average F1-score of 98.81%. This model achieves an approximate average overall accuracy of 98.67%, highlighting its effectiveness in detecting CVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of CWT and DCNN in ECG classification improves accuracy and classification capabilities, addressing the challenges with manual analysis. This algorithm can reduce misdiagnoses in primary care and enhance efficiency in larger medical institutions. By contributing to automated diagnostic tools for cardiovascular disorders, it can significantly improve healthcare practices in the field of CVD detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"77-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Mandibular Kinematic Variables using a Motion Analysis System and a Regular Mobile Phone.","authors":"Mansureh Ziaiee, Heydar Sadeghi, Mohammad Taghi Karimi, Masoud Rafiaei","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2210-1555","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2210-1555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of a standard motion capture system is needed since the measurement of temporomandibular disorders is time-consuming and costly using laboratory tools.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to investigate the mandibular kinematic variables using a regular mobile phone and the motion analysis system.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this quasi-laboratory and comparative study, ten healthy individuals participated, and three mobile cameras, nine red markers, and Kinovea software were also used to investigate the mandibular kinematic variables. Nine light reflective markers were used to check the sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of the proposed system. The motion was analyzed using seven motion analysis infrared cameras and Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) software. Two other raters analyzed the kinematic variables obtained from the mobile to measure intra- and inter-rater reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pearson's correlation coefficient was obtained at 0.98, 0.75, 0.98, and 0.96, showing a high correlation. The accuracy and reliability validation tests showed an average error and an accuracy of 0.156 mm and 95%, respectively, with a mobile phone. The Intra Class Correlation coefficient showed a high internal correlation in the mentioned confidence interval (0.98 and 0.81, and 0.96 and 0.97). The intraclass correlation coefficient method also showed 97% inter-raster reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mobile phones as a new system can evaluate the kinematic variables of mandibular disorders with appropriate accuracy and reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}