Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Anesthesia Services Can be Provided via Telemedicine: An Assessment of the Readiness.","authors":"Zeinab Kohzadi, Shahabedin Rahmatizadeh, Ali Dabbagh, Hassan Emami, Zahra Kohzadi","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2311-1686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2311-1686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Telemedicine technology can not only improve service quality, reduce costs, and broaden access to specialized and subspecialty healthcare services, but also be utilized to provide certain anesthesia services.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to translate and assess the validity and reliability of the Telehealth Readiness Assessment (TRA) tool, used to evaluate the readiness of healthcare providers, for anesthesia services to implement telemedicine for delivering anesthesia services to patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, the initial step involved translating the questionnaire followed by an assessment of its validity and reliability. The questionnaire was then distributed to the staff members in the Anesthesiology Research Center. The readiness assessment encompassed various aspects, including Core Readiness, Financial Considerations, Operations, Staff Engagement, and Patient Readiness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were 93% and 72%, respectively. The internal consistency of each item and the overall TRA score demonstrated excellent reliability, with all values exceeding 0.90. The internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.92 to 1.00, indicating high reliability and consistency in the measurements of the TRA questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was 99%. The TRA subscales mean scores were 71.77±14.76, 63.25±16.14, 67.36±20.46, 68.81±18.50, and 72.52±14.39, respectively. The TRA total mean score was 68.61±17.33.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Persian version of the TRA questionnaire exhibits acceptable levels of validity and reliability. The readiness level related to the implementation of telemedicine for anesthesiologists was obtained as moderate. To ensure the success of telemedicine projects, it is of the utmost importance to pay close attention to the relevant indicators, with particular focus on financial considerations, as this area received the lowest score.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 2","pages":"97-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Protective Effect of Melatonin on Apoptosis, Expression of Bax and Bcl2 Genes, and ROS Level after Radiofrequency Radiation on L929 Fibroblast Cell Line.","authors":"Reza Fardid, Fateme Zaker, Masoud Haghani, Jamileh Saberzadeh","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2409-1828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2409-1828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing use of mobile phones has raised concerns about potential health risks. In addition, the effect of protective materials is also important.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Melatonin on cell viability, apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level, and gene expression of Bax and Bcl2 in L929 fibroblast cells after Radiofrequency (RF) radiation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, cells were divided into six groups with at least 3 replications in each group. The two groups were respectively exposed to radiofrequency waves for 8 and 16 hours. They were pretreated with melatonin before radiation exposure, while the control group did not receive any radiation or melatonin during the experiment, and the melatonin group was just treated with melatonin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell survival was reduced after 8 hours of RF radiation. After 16 hours, the total apoptosis was increased, and pretreatment with melatonin increased cell survival and reduced total apoptosis. Radiation increased intracellular ROS levels. RF increased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and the treatment with melatonin decreased it after 8 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Melatonin prevents the increase in apoptosis and Bax/Bcl2 ratio, but there are no significant changes in survival and ROS levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 2","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Data Descriptors: A New Article Type to Advance Data-Driven Science.","authors":"Tahereh Mahmoudi, Ali Razmkon","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2602-2053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2602-2053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 2","pages":"85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells together with Vitamin C on Survival of Rats with Acute Radiation Syndrome.","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Fatemeh Kadivar, Shahrokh Zare, Abolfazl Kanani, Mohammad Amin Mosleh-Shirazi, Sadegh Masoudi, Feridoun Karimi-Busheri, Davood Mehrabani","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2310-1680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2310-1680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following any injury in radiation accidents, such as Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS), medical interventions are recommended based on radiation dose and physiological response. Clinical management encompasses blood transfusion, hematopoietic cytokines, and stem-cell transplantation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (AdSCs) together with vitamin C on the survival of rats with ARS.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 45 rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups of animals administered with a single dose of oral 400 mg/kg vitamin C; those injected intravenously with 1.5×10⁵ AdSCs; and rats transplanted intravenously with 1.5×10⁵ AdSCs together with a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg vitamin C. All rats were already irradiated with 10 Gy (dose rate 0.286 Gy/ min) ⁶⁰CO, for 35 minutes with a field size of 35 cm × 35 cm for all body areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant increase in survival rate was visible one month after γ irradiation in 73.3% of animals received AdSCs+vitamin C, 60% of rats injected with just AdSCs, and 13.3% of the group received just vitamin C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed significant efficacy of a combined approach involving AdSC transplantation and vitamin C to enhance the survival rate following lethal irradiation. This combination could offer a potential avenue for addressing the alleviation of tissue damage caused by chemotherapy and toxic drugs. We recommend the administration of AdSCs together with vitamin C as an effective and prompt treatment option for irradiation injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 2","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Depression and MRI Associations in Middle Eastern Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Parisa Pishdad, Banafsheh Zeinali-Rafsanjani, Maryam Poursadeghfard, Mahsa Kalaee, Jeyran Ostovarfar, Alireza Salehi","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2505-1929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2505-1929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is often complicated by depression, worsening disability and quality of life. Global depression prevalence in MS is ~27%, but Middle Eastern data are scarce. The neurobiological basis of depression in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess depression prevalence in Middle Eastern RRMS patients versus controls, evaluate disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and explore Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) correlations with depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study (June 2022-June 2023), 105 RRMS patients (mean age 36.2±13.9 years, 83.8% female) and 111 controls (mean age 39.1±10.9 years, 74.8% female) were recruited from Shiraz, Iran MS clinics. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), disability via EDSS, and MRI (1.5-Tesla) analyzed for lesion burden and brain volume using VolBrain. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-squared tests, and correlations (<i>P</i>-value<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depression was more prevalent in RRMS patients (33.3%) than controls (24.5%; <i>P</i>-value=0.15), especially in younger females (<i>P</i>-value=0.02). Mean EDSS was low (1.3-1.4), weakly correlating with right insular cortex plaque volume (r=0.20, <i>P</i>-value=0.03). Depressed patients had higher left limbic (<i>P</i>-value=0.05) and insular cortex (<i>P</i>-value=0.05) plaque burdens, with weak BDI correlations (r=0.19-0.20, <i>P</i>-value<0.04). Brain volume was reduced in depressed patients (<i>P</i>-value=0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression affects one-third of Middle Eastern RRMS patients, exceeding controls. Limbic and insular plaque burdens suggest network dysconnectivity drives depressive symptoms. Routine screening and region-specific interventions are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 2","pages":"153-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Valve Vegetations in Native and Prosthetic Valves using Echocardiographic Radiomics and Deep Learning on Transesophageal Echocardiography Images.","authors":"Farid Esmaely, Pardis Moradnejad, Shabnam Boudagh, Seyed Mohammad Zamani-Aliabadi, Hamid Reza Pasha, Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi, Leyla Ansari","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2505-1915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2505-1915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening condition that requires rapid and accurate diagnosis. Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard for detecting valve vegetations; however, its interpretation is highly operator-dependent and particularly challenging in patients with prosthetic valves. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, offer opportunities to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce observer variability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the performance of deep learning-based models for detecting vegetations in TEE images to support the diagnostic workflow of IE.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this retrospective experimental study, a Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) was implemented to localize valve vegetations in TEE images. Four model configurations were developed using DenseNet121 and ResNet50 backbones, each trained in frozen and fine-tuned modes. All models were pretrained on RadImageNet. The dataset consisted of 1,000 annotated TEE frames acquired from both native and prosthetic heart valves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fine-tuned DenseNet121 model achieved the best performance, with a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.653 and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.858. Its frozen version demonstrated lower performance (mAP=0.416, AUC=0.640). The fine-tuned ResNet50 model reached a mAP of 0.593 and an AUC of 0.789, while the frozen ResNet50 showed the lowest performance (mAP=0.403, AUC=0.601).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both fine-tuned DenseNet121 and ResNet50 models demonstrated effective localization of valve vegetations in TEE images, with comparable IoU performance. Although DenseNet121 showed superior classification accuracy, the similar localization results highlight the potential of both models as physician-assistive tools for enhancing IE diagnostic workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 2","pages":"139-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Harmonic Ratio on HIFU-Induced Thermal Lesion Formation in Biological Tissue.","authors":"Hu Dong, Jiwen Hu, Wei Chen","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2502-1889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2502-1889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive therapeutic technique, widely used for thermal ablation of tumors and other pathological tissues. The formation of thermal lesions during HIFU therapy is influenced by nonlinear acoustic effects, including the generation of harmonics and harmonic ratios.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the influence of the harmonic ratio on HIFU-induced thermal lesion formation in biological tissue. A coupled acoustic-thermal model is developed to simulate HIFU wave propagation and temperature elevation, incorporating nonlinear acoustic effects and dynamic tissue properties.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This numerical study investigates the influence of the harmonic ratio (<i>R^*</i> =(<i>P₃</i> +<i>P₄</i> )/<i>P₂</i> ) on HIFU-induced thermal lesion formation in liver tissue. A coupled acoustic-thermal model was developed to simulate the propagation of HIFU waves and the resulting temperature elevation in tissue. The model incorporates nonlinear acoustic effects and dynamic tissue properties. The relationship between harmonic ratio, focal temperature, and thermal lesion size was analyzed through numerical simulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrate that the harmonic ratio significantly affects the spatial distribution of acoustic energy deposition and the resulting thermal lesion size. Specifically, below 50 °C, the harmonic ratio decreases with rising focal temperature; above 50 °C, the harmonic ratio increases, indicating a turning point at the thermal denaturation threshold of liver tissue. Furthermore, higher harmonic ratio values correlate with larger thermal lesions, suggesting that higher-harmonic components enhance energy deposition in the focal region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide insights into optimizing HIFU therapy by controlling harmonic ratio generation, thereby improving treatment efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 2","pages":"109-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerns Regarding the Efficacy of Utilizing the Vibrational Response of Aminocyanine Molecules to Near Infrared Light for Cancer Cell Destruction.","authors":"Parsa Faghani-Eskandarkolaei, James Welsh, Seyed Ali Reza Mortazavi, Parmis Taghizadeh, Mobina Baramaki, Fatemeh Shams, Mohammed Nasir Abubakari, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Lembit Sihver","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2408-1806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2408-1806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in cancer treatment have introduced the use of aminocyanine molecules, activated by near-infrared (NIR) light, to induce vibrational responses that can selectively destroy cancer cells. This commentary critically examines a study that reports a 99% efficacy of this method against human melanoma cells in vitro, and significant tumor reduction in murine models. While the findings are promising, our analysis highlights crucial oversights in the study's implications for clinical applications. Specifically, the persistence of even a small fraction of cancer cells post-treatment poses significant risks for tumor regrowth and acquired resistance. Additionally, the study's approach neglects the heterogeneity of cancer cells and the presence of cancer stem cells, which are known to contribute to recurrence and resistance. We also discuss the limitations of the Tumor Control Probability (TCP) model in predicting treatment outcomes, emphasizing that achieving near-total eradication of cancer cells is necessary to prevent recurrence. Our commentary underscores the need for comprehensive research to address these challenges and ensure the efficacy and safety of novel cancer treatments utilizing aminocyanine molecules and NIR light.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 2","pages":"165-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Astronaut Resilience: The Role of Elevated ROS in Adapting to Space Radiation.","authors":"Mahsa Pakroo, Seyed Ali Reza Mortazavi, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2407-1791","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2407-1791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microgravity environment and high radiation levels in space lead to a significant increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production compared to Earth, which can have detrimental effects on astronaut health over time. This study examines the hypothesis that high levels of ROS in living organisms in space may aid pre-selected astronauts' cells in adapting to the intense radiation encountered during missions to Mars and beyond. By looking at evolutionary biology and past radiation events like the Chernobyl disaster, we suggest that increased ROS could trigger adaptive responses similar to those seen in radiation-resistant organisms such as tardigrades. This paper explores the dual nature of ROS as both harmful agents and vital signaling molecules, evaluating their potential to enhance DNA repair, boost antioxidant defenses, and alter mitochondrial metabolism. We aim to see if managing ROS could be a strategy to prepare astronauts' cells for space travel, using cytogenetic tests to find individuals with strong adaptive responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"81-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Margins of Planning Target Volume and Set-up Errors based on Megavoltage Cone-Beam CT Image Guided Radiotherapy with Helical Tomotherapy: Importance of Automatic Registration Plus Manual Registration.","authors":"Danial Seifi Makrani, Nooshin Banaee, Ghazale Geraily, Hassan Ali Nedaie, Alireza Khorrami Moghaddam, Hussam Hameed Jassim","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2403-1734","DOIUrl":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2403-1734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Helical Tomotherapy (HT) enables daily verification of patient positioning using Megavoltage Computed Tomography (MVCT) during each treatment session.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Automatic Registration (AR) compared to a combination of Automatic and Manual Registration (AR+MR) on setup errors. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the corresponding Margins of the Planning Target Volume (MPTV).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, a total of 1513 daily MVCT scans were analyzed from September 2020 to January 2024, which were obtained from 71 patients diagnosed with Head and Neck (HN), cervical, and gastrointestinal cancer. The scans were registered with the planning CT to determine the setup errors of the patients. The analysis compares the setup errors between the AR and the AR+MR techniques in translational (X, Y, and Z axes) and rotational directions (R_X, R_Y, and R_Z). Additionally, the study calculated the MPTV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the AR and AR+MR techniques, the translational setup errors were significantly different in the Z-axis for HN patients. For cervical cancer patients, AR and AR+MR exhibited significantly different translational errors across all axes. Furthermore, they also had notable differences in the Y and Z-axis translational errors for Gastro-Intestinal (GI) patients. Regarding the rotational setup errors, a substantial difference was observed in the Z-axis translational error for cervical cancer patients, and in the Y and Z-axes for GI patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Human assessment after automatic registration helps ensure that the registration is clinically appropriate, especially in circumstances involving deformable patient anatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"57-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12883926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}