Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.最新文献

{"title":"Biodegradable Microplastics Increase N2O Emission from Denitrifying Sludge More Than Conventional Microplastics","authors":"Yanying He,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Yingrui Liu,&nbsp;Haixiao Guo,&nbsp;Yufen Wang,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu,&nbsp;Yindong Tong,&nbsp;Yingxin Zhao,&nbsp;Bing-Jie Ni and Yiwen Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00363","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00363","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Despite the increasing concern about the impacts of microplastics on wastewater treatment, the underlying mechanism by which microplastics affect nitrous oxide (N₂O) accumulation during denitrification is still underexplored. In particular, effects of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) on sewage sludge systems are largely overlooked. Previous studies often used one type of polymer as model microplastics, far from a real-world scenario of various microplastics occurring simultaneously. This work assesses the toxic influences of microplastics by chronically adding four typical BMPs versus four conventional nonbiodegradable microplastics (NBMPs) to denitrifying sludge. Our results showed that both BMPs and NBMPs suppressed denitrification performance, intensified electron competition, regulated electron distribution, and consequently promoted N₂O accumulation at a chemical oxygen demand:nitrate ratio of &lt;4:1. Importantly, more severe impacts were observed in the reactor with BMPs. A subsequent mechanistic study revealed that BMPs significantly decreased the relative abundances of denitrifiers and key genes involved in the electron transport and consumption system (ETCS), which might be related to the significantly varied extracellular polymeric substance components. In contrast, NBMPs damaged bacterial membranes and directly caused more dead cells by overproducing reactive oxygen species, hence disrupting the ETCS. Overall, this work suggested that microplastics in wastewater, especially BMPs, could disrupt denitrification and potentially increase greenhouse gas emission.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"701–708"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Dioxin Levels in a Subset of Participants of the East Palestine, Ohio Train Derailment Health Tracking Study","authors":"Erin N. Haynes*,&nbsp;Brenda Eskenazi,&nbsp;Timothy J. Hilbert,&nbsp;Candace Brancato,&nbsp;Nina Holland,&nbsp;Christine Kim,&nbsp;Antonia M. Calafat,&nbsp;Richard Jones,&nbsp;Mark Davis,&nbsp;Linda S. Birnbaum and Andreas Sjodin,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00263","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00263","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A February 3, 2023 train derailment and subsequent burn released hazardous chemicals into East Palestine, Ohio. One potential exposure was polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (cPCBs), collectively referred to as dioxins. Many studies have linked dioxins to numerous health effects. A pilot study was conducted July 17–18, 2023 to assess residents’ serum dioxin levels. Eighteen persons who were White, nonsmokers with a mean age of 55, and 56% female, provided serum for analysis. Measurement of 20 dioxins, furans, and cPCBs congeners was conducted using gas chromatography, isotope dilution, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. A toxic equivalency (TEQ) value for each participant was calculated by multiplying the reported concentration of each congener by its toxic equivalency factor and summing the results. TEQs were compared to 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data by race/ethnicity, sex, and age group. All participants had serum TEQ values either below or within the range of NHANES values. Mean TEQ values were lower in younger age groups; we observed no sex-specific differences. These pilot data demonstrate that although dioxins may have formed during the derailment, exposures to participants did not increase their TEQ values compared with 2011–2012 NHANES.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"673–678"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Outputs of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention","authors":"Miriam L. Diamond*,&nbsp;Gabriel Sigmund*,&nbsp;Michael G. Bertram,&nbsp;Alex T. Ford,&nbsp;Marlene Ågerstrand,&nbsp;Giulia Carlini,&nbsp;Rainer Lohmann,&nbsp;Kateřina Šebková,&nbsp;Anna Soehl,&nbsp;Maria Clara V. M. Starling,&nbsp;Noriyuki Suzuki,&nbsp;Marta Venier,&nbsp;Penny Vlahos and Martin Scheringer,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00294","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00294","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Science-Policy Panel (SPP) on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention, now being established under a mandate of the United Nations Environment Assembly, will address chemical pollution, one element of the triple planetary crises along with climate change and biodiversity loss. The SPP should provide governments with consensual, authoritative, and holistic solution-oriented assessments, particularly relevant to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and, we suggest, to issues regarding the global commons. The assessments should be flexible in scope and breadth, and address existing issues retrospectively and prospectively to minimize the high costs to human and environment health that come from delayed, slow, and/or fragmented policy responses. Two examples of assessments are presented here. The retrospective example is pharmaceutical pollution, which is of increasing importance, especially in LMICs. The SPP’s assessment could identify data gaps, develop regionally attuned policy options for mitigation, promote “benign-by-design” chemistry, explore educational and capacity-building activities, and investigate financial mechanisms for implementation. The prospective example is on risks posed by chemicals and waste release from critical technological infrastructure and waste sites vulnerable to sea level rise and extreme weather events. Multisectoral and multidisciplinary inputs are needed to map and develop “disaster-proofing” responses, along with financing mechanisms. The new SPP offers the ambition and mechanisms for enabling much-needed assessments explicitly framed as inputs to policy-making, to protect, and support the recovery of, local to global human and environmental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"664–672"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Evidence of Nocturnal Multiphase Production of Iodic Acid","authors":"Duzitian Li,&nbsp;Wei Nie*,&nbsp;Yuliang Liu,&nbsp;Chao Yan,&nbsp;Dafeng Ge,&nbsp;Qiaozhi Zha,&nbsp;Chong Liu,&nbsp;Jinbo Wang,&nbsp;Jiaping Wang,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Tengyu Liu,&nbsp;Xuguang Chi and Aijun Ding,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00244","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00244","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Iodic acid (HIO₃) is ubiquitously present in the atmosphere and has garnered extensive attention in recent years for its contribution to particle formation and growth. The understanding of its underlying formation mechanisms, especially in inland urban areas, remains severely limited. In this study, through concurrent measurements of gas-phase iodic acid and particulate iodine in the Yangtze River Delta region, we observed continuous nighttime production of iodic acid. We found that elevated concentrations of particulate iodine and ozone (O₃) are required to effectively form the nocturnal iodic acid, with the production rate of which being proportional to the product of the concentration of aerosol iodine components and ozone concentration. Furthermore, the observed particulate iodine was significantly lower than the accumulated amount of gaseous iodic acid condensation. These findings suggest that the particulate iodine species, such as those deriving from the condensation of gaseous iodic acid, do not act as the terminal products in the atmospheric iodine cycle. Instead, they can rapidly revert to the gas phase and form iodic acid through multiphase reactions. This process may explain why, in the absence of significant iodine sources on land, iodic acid can maintain relatively high concentrations and significantly contribute to particle growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"709–715"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141378383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids on Sea Spray Aerosol in Laboratory Experiments: The Role of Dissolved Organic Matter, Air Entrainment Rate and Inorganic Ion Composition","authors":"Bo Sha*,&nbsp;Eliana Ungerovich,&nbsp;Matthew E. Salter,&nbsp;Ian T. Cousins and Jana H. Johansson,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00287","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00287","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The process by which perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) become enriched on sea spray aerosol (SSA) is complex and likely influenced by several factors. In this study, we utilized a plunging water jet in a controlled laboratory setup to generate SSA. We investigated the enrichment process of PFAAs on nascent SSA by systematically varying three key parameters: 1) total organic carbon (TOC), 2) water jet flow rate, and 3) inorganic ion composition. The results showed a significant enhancement in enrichment when organic matter was introduced into artificial seawater. However, this enhancement did not exhibit a consistent trend when increasing the TOC from 1 to 2 mg L^–1. The enrichment was increased at higher water jet flow rates (3.2 L min^–1) compared to lower flow rates (1.6 and 2.4 L min^–1), and the effect was particularly pronounced for submicrometer SSA particles. There was minimal difference in the enrichment of PFAAs when SSA was generated using sodium chloride solution instead of artificial seawater at the same salinity. Overall, these findings shed light on the complex process of PFAA enrichment on SSA and improved our understanding of the uncertainties associated with varying dissolved organic matter, water jet flow rate, and inorganic ion composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"746–751"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinel Nickel Ferrite on Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Porous Carbon as a Robust Faradaic Electrode for Enhanced Flow Capacitive Deionization","authors":"Biswajit Mishra,&nbsp;Swayamprakash Biswal and Bijay P. Tripathi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00374","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00374","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Water desalination by capacitive deionization techniques has often suffered from the relegating performance of carbon-based non-Faradaic electrode materials. To overcome the rate-limiting charge transfer kinetics and weak ion adsorption tendency, a metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived hybrid electrode with an exceptional flow capacitive deionization performance is reported here. Using MIL-88(FeNi) as a sacrificial template, we synthesized a porous graphitic framework decorated with nanosized spinel NiFe₂O₄ (NiFe₂O₄@PC-500) electrodes, maintaining a parent rod-shaped morphology with a large surface area of 1227 m²/g. The synergistic interaction of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with the mesoporous graphitic framework exhibited remarkable desalination performance with a salt adsorption capacity of ∼34 mg/g and ∼89% salt removal at 1.2 V, surpassing those of traditional carbon-based electrodes. Moreover, NiFe₂O₄@PC-500 maintained its desalination capacity and structural integrity over prolonged desalination cycles with a specific capacitance of ∼206 F/g and capacitive retention over 500 cycles. This study presents a universal approach for strategically implementing MOF-derived heterostructures as potent flow electrode materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"640–647"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital Effluent as a New Source of Anthropogenic Lanthanum in the Environment","authors":"Zakia Aktar,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Toyoda*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00166","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00166","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Excess gadolinium (Gd) in the environment, originating from Gd-chelating contrast agents present in hospital wastewater, has been extensively studied as a micropollutant. However, the source of excessive lanthanum (La) levels in the environment remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed rare earth elements (REEs) in treated water from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and sewage sludge/incinerated ash from two sludge treatment centers in Sapporo, Japan, during 2019–2020. We found that the annual discharge of excess Gd and La in a treatment area positively correlated with the number of hospitals in that area. The excess Gd concentration in the treated water increased by an order of magnitude late at night Monday, whereas the excess La concentration remained constant. Sequential extraction experiments on sewage sludge revealed that excess La is predominantly incorporated in phosphate, not silicate, as in zeolite catalysts. We identified lanthanum carbonate tablets (e.g., Fosrenol), prescribed daily to kidney patients to prevent hyperphosphatemia, as the source of excess La. Due to its low solubility, most of the anthropogenic lanthanum settles as sewage sludge in WWTPs, and only a small percentage is released into treated water. This raises concerns about the potential degradation of natural REE patterns in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"598–603"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Paired Human Urine and Feces: Relative Significance of Biliary Elimination","authors":"Zhong-Min Li,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Kurunthachalam Kannan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00372","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00372","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as disinfectants in consumer and medicinal products that contribute to widespread human exposure. We determined 7 benzylalkyldimethylammonium (BACs), 6 dialkyldimethylammonium (DDACs), 6 alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMACs), and 8 metabolites of BACs (BACm) in paired human urine and feces. We found QACs in human feces at total concentrations (∑All) ranging from 170 to 8270 ng/g dry weight (dw) (median: 746 ng/g dw). BACs were dominant among the four classes of QACs analyzed, accounting for 49% of ∑All, followed by DDACs (40%), BACm (9%), and ATMACs (2%). In urine, only ω-carboxyl (COOH−) metabolites of BACs were frequently found, with a median concentration of ∑BACm at 0.49 ng/mL. QACs measured in human feces exhibited positive correlations, suggestive of the usage of these chemicals as a mixture. The cumulative daily intakes (CDIs) were calculated based on QAC concentrations measured in feces, through a reverse dosimetry approach. The average CDI of QACs was estimated to be 551 ng/kg body weight (BW)/day for adults, which was 3 orders of magnitude below the toxicity reference dose (RfD) suggested for BACs (0.44 mg/kg BW/day) and DDACs (0.1 mg/kg BW/day). This study provides important quantitative information about human exposure to and fecal elimination of QACs.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"533–538"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Approach for Measuring Ethylene Oxide in Mobile Source Exhaust","authors":"Ingrid George*,&nbsp;Heidi Vreeland,&nbsp;James Faircloth,&nbsp;Peter Kariher and William Preston,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00205","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00205","url":null,"abstract":"<p >There is a growing awareness of the health impacts of ethylene oxide (EtO) and its role as a carcinogenic and mutagenic air contaminant of concern. Given the need to better understand EtO emissions and associated health effects, it is imperative to overcome the significant challenges associated with EtO measurement in complex air matrices such as combustion emissions. This work focused on addressing these challenges by evaluating the utility of widely used canister-based EtO ambient measurement approaches, EPA Methods TO-15 and TO-15A, to investigate the presence of EtO in heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) exhaust. Chassis dynamometer testing was performed on two HDDVs and emissions samples were collected and analyzed following TO-15/TO-15A. Initial testing utilizing TO-15 led to the identification of a diesel exhaust constituent, ethyl nitrite, that coeluted with EtO during analysis and contributed a large positive bias. An optimized TO-15A analytical approach was developed and utilized to measure EtO in diesel exhaust from two HDDVs in additional dynamometer tests. Using this optimized approach, EtO was not detected in the HDDV exhaust in these tests. This work highlights the importance of utilizing this optimized approach to accurately quantify EtO in mobile source exhaust and may also be needed for testing other combustion sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"560–565"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Resolution Characterization of Coal Combustion-Derived Metal-Containing Nanoparticles and Their Health-Related Implications","authors":"Miao Xu,&nbsp;Zuoshun Niu,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Shi,&nbsp;Yunqi Zhang,&nbsp;Meiyao Meng,&nbsp;Xiaojing Yang,&nbsp;Mengyuan Wang,&nbsp;Xinran Ma,&nbsp;Hui Zhao and Yi Yang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00292","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00292","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Precise determination of the elemental composition of metal-containing nanoparticles (MCNPs) emitted from coal combustion is imperative for evaluating their health implications. Utilizing single-particle ICP time-of-flight MS, this study analyzed elemental compositions of individual MCNPs in coal combustion byproducts (CCPs) collected from a typical coal-fired power plant (CFPP). Vast Ti-, Fe-, Zn-, and Pb-containing NPs were identified in CCPs, with the fly ash escaping through the stack (EFA) exhibiting the highest particle number concentrations. Notably, 65%–100% of these MCNPs were multimetals ones. Zn and Pb were predominantly present in mass fractions below 10% within individual particles, indicating their adsorption onto MCNPs. Al, Si, and Fe were the dominant components of MCNPs. Volatile toxic metals associated with these MCNPs increased with dust removal stages and reached the highest in EFA. Compared to MCNPs in the first dust removal stage, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of MCNPs in EFA increased by 78% and 32%, respectively. Cytotoxicity was approximately 14 times higher than that of PM_2.5 emitted from CFPPs. Iron in Al-rich NPs and Fe-rich NPs emerged as the top significant factors regulating intracellular oxidative stress, while trace metals (especially Pb) associated with MCNPs played the most important role in lung cell viability toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"611–618"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}