{"title":"Simultaneous and Rapid Analysis of Multiclass Emerging Contaminants Using a Column-Switching LC-MS Method","authors":"Mengzhe Zhao, Shuwen Yan*, Yelong Zhang, Yue Song, Shen-An Chan and Weihua Song*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0083010.1021/acs.estlett.4c00830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00830https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00830","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments have attracted a considerable amount of attention from the public and regulatory groups. Due to their wide variety of chemical properties, simultaneous analysis of multiclass CECs presents a great challenge. This study develops an innovative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method that integrates both large volume injection (LVI) and online solid phase extraction to quantify 102 CECs. The method utilizes three columns: a reversed phase (RP) column, a custom-built mixed weak cation/anion exchange trap column, and a mixed-mode ion exchange (MMIE) column. With valve switching, highly polar/ionic CECs that are not retained by the RP column are captured by the trap column while other CECs are separated by the RP column. Subsequently, the trapped highly polar/ionic CECs are transferred to the MMIE column for further separation. Matrix effects from sewage effluent and urine samples were assessed, and the method accuracy and precision were also determined using spike recovery. LVI notably enhanced the method sensitivity, with the method quantification limits for 93 of the 102 CECs in various water matrices being <10 ng L<sup>–1</sup>. Overall, this novel column-switching LC-MS method enables the rapid and simultaneous determination of multiclass CECs in diverse aqueous samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1391–1397 1391–1397"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ozone Formation Sensitivity at Various Altitudes: Seeking the Optimal Method for Sensitivity Threshold Determination","authors":"Yikai Li, Chengzhi Xing*, Qianqian Hong*, Peiyuan Jiao, Haochen Peng, Zhijian Tang and Cheng Liu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0077710.1021/acs.estlett.4c00777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00777https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00777","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Several methods exist for determining ozone formation sensitivity using observational data, each potentially yielding different sensitivity classifications. This study examined the seasonal characteristics of MAX-DOAS data collected from both urban and rural sites in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. A multiple linear regression model was employed to isolate secondary HCHO data. The thresholds derived from four distinct methods were assessed, and the performance of these methods was evaluated across various elevations at both sites. Based on the findings, recommendations and the applicable ranges for each method are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1334–1339 1334–1339"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jana H. Johansson*, Damien Bolinius, Johan Strandberg, Jing-Jing Yang, Jonathan P. Benskin and Raed Awad*,
{"title":"Emission of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Unidentified Organofluorine from Swedish Municipal Waste Incineration Plants","authors":"Jana H. Johansson*, Damien Bolinius, Johan Strandberg, Jing-Jing Yang, Jonathan P. Benskin and Raed Awad*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0081910.1021/acs.estlett.4c00819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00819https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00819","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Incineration is commonly used to dispose of waste contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), despite few experimental data supporting the efficacy of this technique. To investigate the prevalence of PFAS in residuals from Swedish municipal waste incineration (MWI) plants, samples of fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas condensate were collected from 27 of Sweden’s 38 plants and analyzed for 13 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). ∑<sub>13</sub>PFAA concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 180 ng/L, 0.22–1.6 μg/kg, and 0.18–38 μg/kg, in condensate, bottom ash, and fly ash, respectively (detection frequencies of 79, 21, and 30%, respectively). Total fluorine (TF) measurements in a subset of samples revealed concentrations of <0.20–11 mg F/L in condensate (n = 8) and 120–5400 μg F/g in ashes (n = 8), the former of which was primarily attributed to inorganic fluorine. Extractable organofluorine (EOF) exceeded ∑<sub>13</sub>PFAA concentrations by up to 3 orders of magnitude (0.70–16 μg F/g in fly ash [n = 3] and <0.80–9.0 μg F/L for condensate [n = 2]), suggesting that the majority of fluorine occurring in MWI residuals remains unidentified. Collectively, these data demonstrate that despite temperatures exceeding 1000 °C, PFAAs and other fluorinated substances may form and/or persist during incineration and risk being released to the environment via MWI residues.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1377–1383 1377–1383"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long Zhang, Xiaotu Liu, Wei Huang, Yan Yang and Da Chen*,
{"title":"A Pilot Study of Bis-perfluoroalkyl Sulfonimides in Dust from E-waste and Urban Regions","authors":"Long Zhang, Xiaotu Liu, Wei Huang, Yan Yang and Da Chen*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0083610.1021/acs.estlett.4c00836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00836https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00836","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Following global regulations on traditional per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), alternative PFAS raise emerging concerns. Our study focused on a group of bis-perfluoroalkyl sulfonimides (bis-FASIs) and explored whether electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling and recycling constitute a potential source of bis-FASIs to the environment. The study revealed ubiquitous occurrence of bisperfluoromethane sulfonimide (bis-FMeSI) in dust from e-waste sites, surrounding regions (20–50 km distant from e-waste sites), and urban areas with the levels in a descending order along with the distance from the e-waste sites. The median level of bis-FMeSI was 12 ng/g in e-waste dust, constituting approximately 10% of the total PFAS levels (117 ng/g). The levels dropped to a median of 0.45 ng/g in indoor and outdoor dust from surrounding regions as well as 0.67 and 1.1 ng/g in dust from traffic roads and underground parking lots, respectively, from a megacity located 100 km away from the e-waste sites. Our findings indicate that bis-FASIs appear as an emerging type of PFAS with widespread distribution in the urban environment. Therefore, they should be included into PFAS monitoring networks regionally or globally for a better understanding of their sources, distribution, and fate, as well as human exposure scenarios and associated health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1384–1390 1384–1390"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Craig Klevan, Seth Caines, Andre Gomes and Kurt D. Pennell*,
{"title":"Accurate Determination of Perfluorooctanoate Aqueous Solubility, Critical Micelle Concentration, and Acid Dissociation Constant","authors":"Craig Klevan, Seth Caines, Andre Gomes and Kurt D. Pennell*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0085810.1021/acs.estlett.4c00858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00858https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00858","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Although physical-chemical properties are critical for understanding the behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment, data reported in the literature can vary by orders of magnitude. The goal of this research was to accurately determine the aqueous solubility (Saq), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and acid dissociation constant (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>) of perfluorooctanoic acid (HPFO) and ammonium perfluoro-n-octanoate (APFO). The aqueous solubilities of HPFO in deionized (DI) water and 100 mM NaCl were ∼4500 and ∼12,500 mg/L, respectively, while APFO yielded aqueous solubilities of ∼47,000 and ∼45,000 mg/L in DI water and 100 mM NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, respectively. Based on surface tension measurements, no CMC value was obtained for HPFO because the solubility limit was reached before micelle formation occurred, while in 100 mM NaCl the CMC was ∼3000 mg/L. The CMCs of APFO in DI water and 100 mM NH4Cl were ∼12,700 and ∼4,900 mg/L, respectively. These findings demonstrate that PFOA (1) is unlikely to form micelles in solution at environmentally relevant concentrations, (2) reported CMC values may actually correspond to the solubility limit rather than micelle formation, and (3) aqueous solubility values can vary by orders of magnitude depending upon the counterion species and solution properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1398–1405 1398–1405"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yulin Zhu, Zhenzhen Guo, Jinjiang Cui* and Peng Miao*,
{"title":"Layer-by-Layer Ligands Engineered Gold Nanoclusters on Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 for Efficient Sensing of Lead Ions","authors":"Yulin Zhu, Zhenzhen Guo, Jinjiang Cui* and Peng Miao*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0089610.1021/acs.estlett.4c00896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00896https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00896","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Highly luminescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are synthesized by manipulating the surface of the gold core with layer-by-layer ligand engineering. 6-Aza-2-thiothymine (ATT) and <span>l</span>-arginine (Arg) are first self-assembled and then encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). The multiple ligands effectively suppress the kernel vibration and are involved in the nonradiative relaxation of electron dynamics. Boosted fluorescence emission can thus be observed. Based on the nanomaterials of ZIF-8-Arg-ATT AuNCs, a novel fluorescent nanosensor is fabricated for the specific detection of lead ions with excellent performances. A limit of detection as low as 10 nmol/L is estimated. This nanosensor performs satisfactorily in real water samples including tap water, pool water, river water, and various drinks, showing its promising prospect for practical identification of lead ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1321–1326 1321–1326"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun-Jie Zhu, Meiqi Yang, Jinyue Jiang, Yiming Bai, Danqi Chen and Zhiyong Jason Ren*,
{"title":"Enabling GPTs for Expert-Level Environmental Engineering Question Answering","authors":"Jun-Jie Zhu, Meiqi Yang, Jinyue Jiang, Yiming Bai, Danqi Chen and Zhiyong Jason Ren*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0066510.1021/acs.estlett.4c00665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00665https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00665","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant potential for advancing research and development in the field of environmental science and engineering (ESE), but the development of domain-specific large language models (LLMs) in this field has not been reported. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the performance of advanced LLMs in answering expert-level, closed-book environmental engineering questions. We assessed two generative pretrained transformer (GPT) models and five fine-tuned models (FTMs) on an expert-level question answering (QA) data set, focusing on relevance (from 0 to 1), factuality (0 to 1), format, richness, QA difficulty level, and domain topic. Results show that GPT-4 achieves a relevance score of 0.644 and a factuality score of 0.791 based on 286 questions, indicating room for improvement, particularly for more difficult questions (scores dropped to below 0.5). Notably, FTMs with larger data sets resisted factuality degradation, highlighting the need for high-quality training materials. Inaccuracies and format issues are often linked to overtraining and catastrophic interference. This first investigation leverages expert-level textbooks to enhance LLM performance, thereby providing valuable insights and setting the stage for developing more robust domain-specific LLMs for environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1327–1333 1327–1333"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Hu, Li Li, Zhong Lv, Alessandro Sangion, Guomao Zheng*, Zongwei Cai and Amina Salamova*,
{"title":"Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Paired Samples of Blood and Indoor Dust from the United States","authors":"Min Hu, Li Li, Zhong Lv, Alessandro Sangion, Guomao Zheng*, Zongwei Cai and Amina Salamova*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0075710.1021/acs.estlett.4c00757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00757https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00757","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Previous studies of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in the indoor environment have reported widespread presence of QAC in indoor dust. However, there are limited data on the contribution of dust ingestion to the QAC body burden. In this study, 18 QACs (6 benzylalkyldimethylammonium compounds [BACs], 6 dialkyldimethylammonium compounds [DADMACs], and 6 alkyltrimethylammonium compounds [ATMACs]) were analyzed in 81 paired samples of blood serum and dust collected in Indiana, United States. QACs were detected in 51–100% of the dust samples with the total QAC concentrations (∑QAC) ranging from 0.613 to 427 μg/g (median 56.9 μg/g). In contrast to dust samples, QACs were detected less frequently in blood serum with a median ∑QAC concentration of 3.66 ng/mL. The relative source contribution (RSC) of dust ingestion to serum levels was calculated using the PROTEX (PROduction-To-EXposure) model and was estimated as less than 1%, suggesting that hand-to-mouth contact, dietary intake, or inhalation could be more important exposure routes than dust ingestion. This is the first study to simultaneously measure QAC concentrations in indoor dust and blood, providing comprehensive assessment of the role of dust ingestion in QAC human exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1308–1313 1308–1313"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Tahmid, Hyuck Joo Choi, Sai Tarun Ganapavarapu, Joseph Scott, Marta C Hatzell
{"title":"Concentrating Nitrogen Waste with Electrodialysis for Fertilizer Production.","authors":"Mohammed Tahmid, Hyuck Joo Choi, Sai Tarun Ganapavarapu, Joseph Scott, Marta C Hatzell","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00595","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recovery of nitrogen from wastewater presents a unique opportunity to valorize waste and contribute to a more circular nitrogen economy. However, dilute solution separations are challenging for most state-of-the-art separations technologies. This often results in technologies having low concentration factors that result in low-value products (e.g., < 1 wt % N). Here, we demonstrate how a cascading electrodialysis system combined with a hollow fiber membrane contactor (ED+HFMC) system can achieve efficient recovery of ammonia from simulated centralized animal feeding operation (CAFO) wastewater. The integrated system achieved an overall concentration factor of ∼200× (∼40× in ED and ∼5× in HFMC). This resulted in a ∼10 wt % NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup>-N fertilizer product. The specific energy consumption (SEC) for the three stages of the ED was 1.89-6.14 kWh/kg NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup>-N, which is lower than that of the Haber-Bosch process (8.9-19.3 kWh/kg N). Operating costs were <$0.90/kg NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup>-N for each of the electrodialysis stages and NH<sub>3</sub> stripping. This integrated ED+HFMC system holds promise for the recovery of ammonia from dilute feedstreams as the ED+HFMC achieves high concentration factors and has low energy demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1413-1419"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Tahmid, Hyuck Joo Choi, Sai Tarun Ganapavarapu, Joseph Scott and Marta C. Hatzell*,
{"title":"Concentrating Nitrogen Waste with Electrodialysis for Fertilizer Production","authors":"Mohammed Tahmid, Hyuck Joo Choi, Sai Tarun Ganapavarapu, Joseph Scott and Marta C. Hatzell*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0059510.1021/acs.estlett.4c00595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00595https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00595","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recovery of nitrogen from wastewater presents a unique opportunity to valorize waste and contribute to a more circular nitrogen economy. However, dilute solution separations are challenging for most state-of-the-art separations technologies. This often results in technologies having low concentration factors that result in low-value products (e.g., < 1 wt % N). Here, we demonstrate how a cascading electrodialysis system combined with a hollow fiber membrane contactor (ED+HFMC) system can achieve efficient recovery of ammonia from simulated centralized animal feeding operation (CAFO) wastewater. The integrated system achieved an overall concentration factor of ∼200× (∼40× in ED and ∼5× in HFMC). This resulted in a ∼10 wt % NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N fertilizer product. The specific energy consumption (SEC) for the three stages of the ED was 1.89–6.14 kWh/kg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, which is lower than that of the Haber–Bosch process (8.9–19.3 kWh/kg N). Operating costs were <$0.90/kg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N for each of the electrodialysis stages and NH<sub>3</sub> stripping. This integrated ED+HFMC system holds promise for the recovery of ammonia from dilute feedstreams as the ED+HFMC achieves high concentration factors and has low energy demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 12","pages":"1413–1419 1413–1419"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}