Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.最新文献

{"title":"Decomposition of Clusters of Oxygenated Compounds with NO3– by Applying Voltage Scanning to Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Steady-State Experiments","authors":"Hui Wang,&nbsp;Yarê Baker,&nbsp;Hongru Shen,&nbsp;Rongrong Wu,&nbsp;Sungah Kang,&nbsp;Defeng Zhao,&nbsp;Andreas Wahner,&nbsp;Sören R. Zorn* and Thomas F. Mentel,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00276","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00276","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) contribute to atmospheric secondary organic aerosols. To better constrain OVOC distributions, e.g., from the oxidation of phenolics, voltage scanning was applied for the targeted destruction of product nitrate (NO₃^–) clusters in a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. Herein, the voltage difference at which half of the clusters remain (dV₅₀) represents their bond strength. This study identified the type and relative bond strength of adducts for product distributions that can be observed for hours in our steady-state chamber (SAPHIR*). An unexpected increase was observed in voltage scanning curves of clusters containing nitrated phenols [e.g., C₇H₇NO₃(NO₃^–)], which was attributed to the declustering of double-analyte clusters [e.g., C₁₄H₁₄N₂O₆(NO₃^–)] at small voltage differences. Double-analyte clusters were distinguished from accretion product clusters [e.g., C₁₂H_(10,12)O_<i>x</i>(NO₃^–)] by their significantly lower intermolecular forces. Misidentifying C₁₄H₁₄N₂O₆ as accretion products could lead to an overestimation of its contribution to particle mass. In addition, the higher bonding strength in C₆H_(6,8)O_4–9(NO₃^–) compared to that in H₂SO₄(NO₃^–) indicates maximum sensitivities of C₆H_(6,8)O_4–9 at the collision limit. We could elucidate the relative acidity of the analytes to HNO₃. This study highlights additional dimensions gained from voltage scanning and suggests performing it to clarify the product distribution in complex urban air in the presence of nitrated phenols.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"694–700"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Wastewater-Based Epidemiology in the ES&T Family of Journals","authors":"Timothy R. Julian,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Alexandria B. Boehm*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00406","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"650–653"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Citizen Climate Science: Addressing Preferential Sampling for Improved Estimates of Urban Heat","authors":"Zachary D. Calhoun,&nbsp;Marilyn S. Black,&nbsp;Mike Bergin and David Carlson*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0029610.1021/acs.estlett.4c00296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00296https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00296","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Studies of urban heat are often limited by their ability to measure air temperature; data are collected either at a few locations over time or at many locations at one point in time. Citizen science approaches to observing temperature provide a way to overcome these limitations, by capturing data over long time scales, at many locations. However, citizen scientists are more likely to be wealthier, making certain neighborhoods better observed than others. Because urban heat islands are more prevalent in poorer neighborhoods, heat extremes are less likely to be observed by citizen scientists. In spatial statistics, this is known as preferential sampling. When we adjust citizen science data for this effect, we obtain results that better agree with NOAA’s urban heat island data, which are not preferentially sampled. Using this adjustment, estimates of the July 2021 average evening temperature are almost 1 °C warmer in unobserved neighborhoods in Durham, North Carolina, than if they were not adjusted. We demonstrate that adjusted citizen science data allow for better characterization of heat risk at any time of interest and may be used for almost any neighborhood in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 8","pages":"845–850 845–850"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ship Emissions as the Largest Contributor to Coastal Atmospheric Black Carbon at a Receptor Island in Southern China","authors":"Xiaofei Geng,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Guangcai Zhong,&nbsp;Shizhen Zhao,&nbsp;Chongguo Tian,&nbsp;Yan-Lin Zhang and Gan Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00362","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00362","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Atmospheric black carbon (BC) over coastal regions poses a threat in terms of both climate change and human health. However, the provenance of aerosol BC, particularly its subfractions (char-BC and soot-BC, which have different physicochemical properties), is poorly constrained. Here, we apportioned the sources of char-BC and soot-BC in year-round PM_2.5 samples from a coastal receptor island off southern China. Char-BC dominated, accounting for 88.6 ± 13.2% of the total BC. The two BC subfractions exhibited distinct seasonal variation patterns, which may be attributed to differences in their sources and hydrophilicity. Combustion of liquid fossil fuels, including bunker fuel, diesel, and gasoline, contributed more highly to soot-BC (71.4%) than to char-BC (53.9%). Conversely, combustion of solid fuels, including biomass and coal, contributed more highly to char-BC (44.6%) than to soot-BC (6.7%). Bunker fuel combustion, the dominant portion of ship emissions, was the largest contributor to total BC (46.0%), char-BC (45.2%), and soot-BC (56.4%). This indicates that marine ship emissions, rather than land-based sources including biomass and coal combustion, were the dominant source of atmospheric BC in coastal areas, highlighting the importance of controlling maritime ship emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"723–729"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotransformation of 6PPD-quinone In Vitro Using RTL-W1 Cell Line","authors":"Phillip J. Ankley,&nbsp;Francisco C. da Silva Jr.,&nbsp;David Montgomery,&nbsp;Matthew Schultz,&nbsp; Ed S. Krol,&nbsp;Markus Hecker and Markus Brinkmann*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00342","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00342","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Urban stormwater runoff contains the tire-derived transformation product <i>N</i>-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<i>N</i>′-phenyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone), which poses significant environmental risks due to its high toxicity toward certain salmonids. 6PPD-quinone biotransformation has been investigated to explain some of the stark interspecies differences in sensitivity across different fishes; however, the primary mechanisms of 6PPD-quinone biotransformation remain unclear. This work aimed to explore the toxicokinetics of 6PPD-quinone in immortalized rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) liver cells (RTL-W1) to identify transformation products, using coexposure with different enzyme inhibitors and inducers. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we identified three phase I 6PPD-quinone transformation products, with phenyl ring hydroxylation dominating, followed by hydroxylation of the alkyl side chain, and an unknown transformation product after 4 h of exposure. Co-exposing RTL-W1 cells with α-naphthoflavone and quercetin greatly inhibited the biotransformation of 6PPD-quinone, revealing that CYP1A is primarily involved in phase I biotransformation. Hepatic clearance predicted from <i>in vitro</i> results was further verified based on isolated perfused trout liver experiments. Further studies are necessary on the biotransformation and kinetics of 6PPD-quinone and the detoxification pathways involved in a wide phylogenetic space in fishes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"687–693"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Flames: Metal(loid) Exposure Linked to Alteration of the Lipid Profile in Czech Male Firefighters (CELSPAC-FIREexpo Study)","authors":"Nina Pálešová,&nbsp;Katarína Řiháčková,&nbsp;Jan Kuta,&nbsp;Aleš Pindur,&nbsp;Ludmila Šebejová and Pavel Čupr*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00272","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00272","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Increased wildfire activity increases the demands on fire rescue services and firefighters’ contact with harmful chemicals. This study aimed to determine firefighters’ exposure to toxic metal(loid)s and its association with the lipid profile. CELSPAC-FIREexpo study participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples to quantify urinary levels of metal(loid)s (arsenic, cadmium (Cd), mercury, and lead (Pb)), and serum lipid biomarkers (cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides (TG)). The associations were investigated by using multiple linear regression and Bayesian weighted quantile sum (BWQS) regression. Higher levels of Pb were observed in firefighters. Pb was positively associated with CHOL and TG. Cd was negatively associated with HDL. In the BWQS model, the mixture of metal(loid)s was associated positively with CHOL (β = 14.75, 95% CrI = 2.45–29.08), LDL (β = 15.14, 95% CrI = 3.39–29.35), and TG (β = 14.79, 95% CrI = 0.73–30.42), while negatively with HDL (β = −14.96, 95% CrI = −25.78 to −1.8). Pb emerged as a key component in a metal(loid) mixture. The results suggest that higher exposure to lead and the mixture of metal(loid)s is associated with the alteration of the lipid profile, which can result in an unfavorable cardiometabolic profile, especially in occupationally exposed firefighters.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"679–686"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable Microplastics Increase N2O Emission from Denitrifying Sludge More Than Conventional Microplastics","authors":"Yanying He,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Yingrui Liu,&nbsp;Haixiao Guo,&nbsp;Yufen Wang,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu,&nbsp;Yindong Tong,&nbsp;Yingxin Zhao,&nbsp;Bing-Jie Ni and Yiwen Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00363","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00363","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Despite the increasing concern about the impacts of microplastics on wastewater treatment, the underlying mechanism by which microplastics affect nitrous oxide (N₂O) accumulation during denitrification is still underexplored. In particular, effects of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) on sewage sludge systems are largely overlooked. Previous studies often used one type of polymer as model microplastics, far from a real-world scenario of various microplastics occurring simultaneously. This work assesses the toxic influences of microplastics by chronically adding four typical BMPs versus four conventional nonbiodegradable microplastics (NBMPs) to denitrifying sludge. Our results showed that both BMPs and NBMPs suppressed denitrification performance, intensified electron competition, regulated electron distribution, and consequently promoted N₂O accumulation at a chemical oxygen demand:nitrate ratio of &lt;4:1. Importantly, more severe impacts were observed in the reactor with BMPs. A subsequent mechanistic study revealed that BMPs significantly decreased the relative abundances of denitrifiers and key genes involved in the electron transport and consumption system (ETCS), which might be related to the significantly varied extracellular polymeric substance components. In contrast, NBMPs damaged bacterial membranes and directly caused more dead cells by overproducing reactive oxygen species, hence disrupting the ETCS. Overall, this work suggested that microplastics in wastewater, especially BMPs, could disrupt denitrification and potentially increase greenhouse gas emission.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"701–708"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Dioxin Levels in a Subset of Participants of the East Palestine, Ohio Train Derailment Health Tracking Study","authors":"Erin N. Haynes*,&nbsp;Brenda Eskenazi,&nbsp;Timothy J. Hilbert,&nbsp;Candace Brancato,&nbsp;Nina Holland,&nbsp;Christine Kim,&nbsp;Antonia M. Calafat,&nbsp;Richard Jones,&nbsp;Mark Davis,&nbsp;Linda S. Birnbaum and Andreas Sjodin,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00263","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00263","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A February 3, 2023 train derailment and subsequent burn released hazardous chemicals into East Palestine, Ohio. One potential exposure was polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (cPCBs), collectively referred to as dioxins. Many studies have linked dioxins to numerous health effects. A pilot study was conducted July 17–18, 2023 to assess residents’ serum dioxin levels. Eighteen persons who were White, nonsmokers with a mean age of 55, and 56% female, provided serum for analysis. Measurement of 20 dioxins, furans, and cPCBs congeners was conducted using gas chromatography, isotope dilution, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. A toxic equivalency (TEQ) value for each participant was calculated by multiplying the reported concentration of each congener by its toxic equivalency factor and summing the results. TEQs were compared to 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data by race/ethnicity, sex, and age group. All participants had serum TEQ values either below or within the range of NHANES values. Mean TEQ values were lower in younger age groups; we observed no sex-specific differences. These pilot data demonstrate that although dioxins may have formed during the derailment, exposures to participants did not increase their TEQ values compared with 2011–2012 NHANES.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"673–678"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Outputs of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention","authors":"Miriam L. Diamond*,&nbsp;Gabriel Sigmund*,&nbsp;Michael G. Bertram,&nbsp;Alex T. Ford,&nbsp;Marlene Ågerstrand,&nbsp;Giulia Carlini,&nbsp;Rainer Lohmann,&nbsp;Kateřina Šebková,&nbsp;Anna Soehl,&nbsp;Maria Clara V. M. Starling,&nbsp;Noriyuki Suzuki,&nbsp;Marta Venier,&nbsp;Penny Vlahos and Martin Scheringer,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00294","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00294","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Science-Policy Panel (SPP) on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention, now being established under a mandate of the United Nations Environment Assembly, will address chemical pollution, one element of the triple planetary crises along with climate change and biodiversity loss. The SPP should provide governments with consensual, authoritative, and holistic solution-oriented assessments, particularly relevant to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and, we suggest, to issues regarding the global commons. The assessments should be flexible in scope and breadth, and address existing issues retrospectively and prospectively to minimize the high costs to human and environment health that come from delayed, slow, and/or fragmented policy responses. Two examples of assessments are presented here. The retrospective example is pharmaceutical pollution, which is of increasing importance, especially in LMICs. The SPP’s assessment could identify data gaps, develop regionally attuned policy options for mitigation, promote “benign-by-design” chemistry, explore educational and capacity-building activities, and investigate financial mechanisms for implementation. The prospective example is on risks posed by chemicals and waste release from critical technological infrastructure and waste sites vulnerable to sea level rise and extreme weather events. Multisectoral and multidisciplinary inputs are needed to map and develop “disaster-proofing” responses, along with financing mechanisms. The new SPP offers the ambition and mechanisms for enabling much-needed assessments explicitly framed as inputs to policy-making, to protect, and support the recovery of, local to global human and environmental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"664–672"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Evidence of Nocturnal Multiphase Production of Iodic Acid","authors":"Duzitian Li,&nbsp;Wei Nie*,&nbsp;Yuliang Liu,&nbsp;Chao Yan,&nbsp;Dafeng Ge,&nbsp;Qiaozhi Zha,&nbsp;Chong Liu,&nbsp;Jinbo Wang,&nbsp;Jiaping Wang,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Tengyu Liu,&nbsp;Xuguang Chi and Aijun Ding,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00244","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00244","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Iodic acid (HIO₃) is ubiquitously present in the atmosphere and has garnered extensive attention in recent years for its contribution to particle formation and growth. The understanding of its underlying formation mechanisms, especially in inland urban areas, remains severely limited. In this study, through concurrent measurements of gas-phase iodic acid and particulate iodine in the Yangtze River Delta region, we observed continuous nighttime production of iodic acid. We found that elevated concentrations of particulate iodine and ozone (O₃) are required to effectively form the nocturnal iodic acid, with the production rate of which being proportional to the product of the concentration of aerosol iodine components and ozone concentration. Furthermore, the observed particulate iodine was significantly lower than the accumulated amount of gaseous iodic acid condensation. These findings suggest that the particulate iodine species, such as those deriving from the condensation of gaseous iodic acid, do not act as the terminal products in the atmospheric iodine cycle. Instead, they can rapidly revert to the gas phase and form iodic acid through multiphase reactions. This process may explain why, in the absence of significant iodine sources on land, iodic acid can maintain relatively high concentrations and significantly contribute to particle growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 7","pages":"709–715"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141378383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}