Bin Zhang, Zhenxing Shen*, Xueting Yang, Kun He, Shasha Huang, Weidong Wu, Jian Sun, Hongmei Xu, Liu Yang and Jun-ji Cao,
{"title":"Primary and Secondary Emissions of Carboxylic Acids from Solid Fuel Combustion: Insight into the Source Markers and Secondary Formation Mechanism","authors":"Bin Zhang, Zhenxing Shen*, Xueting Yang, Kun He, Shasha Huang, Weidong Wu, Jian Sun, Hongmei Xu, Liu Yang and Jun-ji Cao, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00339","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00339","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carboxylic acids play an important role in atmospheric photochemical reactions, aerosol nuclei, and climate change. Primary and secondary carboxylic acid emissions from various combustion scenarios were quantified. Coal combustion emitted more low-molecular weight (MW) monocarboxylic acids (<C9) (12.7–16.4%), while biomass burning released more ultrahigh-MW monocarboxylic acids (>C29) (15.5–32.3%). Ultrahigh-MW monocarboxylic acid abundance and hexadecanoic acid (C16) versus nonadecanoic acid (C19) remained stable between the primary emission and aging processes, suggesting that they could be ideal markers for source characterization. Significant correlations were observed between the decreasing of toluene and benzene and the increasing of oxalic acid (C2), malonic acid (C3), fumaric acid (C4), suberic acid (C8), azelaic acid (C9), and sebacic acid (C10) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) during coal combustion, suggesting that oxidation of toluene and benzene lead to the formation of dicarboxylic acids during photochemical aging. On the other hand, the oxidation of monocarboxylic acids occurs on carbons farther away from the −COOH group, leading to the formation of dicarboxylic acids. The secondary formation mechanism of dicarboxylic acids from biomass burning differed from that of coal because of the abundance of low-chemical reactivity, ultrahigh-MW monocarboxylic acids; further study is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"580–585"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William A. Arnold*, Alexandria B. Boehm*, Bryan W. Brooks, Jonathan W. Martin, James R. Mihelcic, Zhiyong Jason Ren, Daniel Schlenk and Shuxiao Wang,
{"title":"Removing Our Brief(s)","authors":"William A. Arnold*, Alexandria B. Boehm*, Bryan W. Brooks, Jonathan W. Martin, James R. Mihelcic, Zhiyong Jason Ren, Daniel Schlenk and Shuxiao Wang, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 5","pages":"380–381"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shunyao Wang*, Xi Zhang, Kaisen Lin, Guanwen HUANG, Yue Zhao, Hin Chu* and Arthur W.H. Chan,
{"title":"Impact of Secondary Organic Aerosol on the Respiratory Viral Infection in Vitro","authors":"Shunyao Wang*, Xi Zhang, Kaisen Lin, Guanwen HUANG, Yue Zhao, Hin Chu* and Arthur W.H. Chan, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00217","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00217","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Inhalation of viable airborne pathogens often leads to respiratory infections. Among the different factors that affect the survival of airborne pathogens, specific aerosol composition, such as secondary organic aerosol (SOA), may impact the severity of respiratory infection by stimulating host cell apoptotic responses. Here, we studied the <i>in vitro</i> effects of SOA (biogenic and anthropogenic) on respiratory infection of the human influenza A virus (H1N1). Viral gene copies in the human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and human fetal lung fibroflast cell line (MRC-5) treated with SOA were measured to be significantly different from the control group. A maximum enhancement of 56%, 77%, and 45% in H1N1 replication was observed for BEAS-2B cells exposed to different doses of α-pinene SOA, toluene SOA, and naphthalene SOA, respectively. SOA from various precursors impacted viral replication differently, indicating the importance of emission source and composition. For BEAS-2B cells, anthropogenic SOA (toluene and naphthalene) significantly suppressed viral replication at low doses (1 μg mL<sup>–1</sup> and 5 μg mL<sup>–1</sup>) and enhanced viral replication at higher doses. Interplay among the source, composition, oxidative stress, host cell apoptosis, and respiratory viral infection highlights the importance of having air pollution mitigation strategies out of a public health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"566–572"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandria B. Boehm*, Lutgarde Raskin, Pedro Alvarez and Pei-Ying Hong,
{"title":"Maximizing the Impact of Research Featuring Nucleic-Acid Sequencing Methods in Environmental Science & Technology and Environmental Science & Technology Letters","authors":"Alexandria B. Boehm*, Lutgarde Raskin, Pedro Alvarez and Pei-Ying Hong, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 5","pages":"382–383"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing Yan, Baile Wu*, Yanyang Zhang*, Zhichao Yang, Mengjie Zhou, Paul Westerhoff and Bingcai Pan,
{"title":"Lanthanum Materials Enable Catalytic Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters: Implications for Water Treatment and Eutrophication Control","authors":"Xing Yan, Baile Wu*, Yanyang Zhang*, Zhichao Yang, Mengjie Zhou, Paul Westerhoff and Bingcai Pan, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0016410.1021/acs.estlett.4c00164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00164https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00164","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the context of comprehensive phosphorus (P) management, in addition to orthophosphate, the environmental fate and regulation of potentially harmful phosphate esters are an emerging concern. However, there is still a discernible knowledge gap on the interaction between phosphate esters and Lanthanum (La) based materials, a widely applicable phosphate scavenger, under environmentally relevant conditions. In this study, we observed that La(OH)<sub>3</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> enable catalytic hydrolysis of a model phosphate ester compound, <i>para</i>-nitrophenyl phosphate (<i>p</i>-NPP) (20–70 times faster than self-hydrolysis), in environmentally relevant scenarios (wastewater and natural waters). <sup>31</sup>P solid-state NMR reveals an initial surface adsorption via a Lewis acid–base reaction between the surface La active sites and the phosphate groups, followed by the cleavage of the ester bond and the progressive transformation of phosphate further bound into crystalline LaPO<sub>4</sub>. Density functional theory computation suggested the electron enrichment on the P atom after <i>p</i>-NPP adsorption, resulting in the reduction of activation energy. Also, La(OH)<sub>3</sub> is extendable to catalytic hydrolysis of a suite of phosphate mono-, di-, and triesters. This study bridges the knowledge gap on the transformation of phosphate esters in the presence of lanthanum-based materials during water pollution control.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 8","pages":"878–885 878–885"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J R R Navodi Jayarathne*, Daniel Zimmerle, Richard S Kolodziej, Stuart Riddick and Kathleen M Smits,
{"title":"Flow and Transport of Methane from Leaking Underground Pipelines: Effects of Soil Surface Conditions and Implications for Natural Gas Leak Classification","authors":"J R R Navodi Jayarathne*, Daniel Zimmerle, Richard S Kolodziej, Stuart Riddick and Kathleen M Smits, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00039","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00039","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Reducing methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from natural gas (NG) pipeline leaks is crucial to minimize global warming while also providing key safety benefits to communities. What is not well understood about pipeline leak scenarios is the impact of different soil surface conditions on the belowground leak transport behavior and subsequently the NG leak classification. In this study, we conducted a series of controlled leak experiments, varying based on the surface conditions including snow, moist soil layers, asphalt, and grass. Data indicated that temporary rain and snow surface cover conditions result in CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations extending 3 times further than the equivalent leak scenario under dry soil conditions, resulting in levels that pose heightened environmental and safety risks. Furthermore, after leak termination, CH<sub>4</sub> trapped under snow, moist soil, and asphalt surface conditions persisted for up to ∼12 days, with 5–15% CH<sub>4</sub> (v/v) conditions persisting underground for 7.5 days. Even after leak termination, NG continued to migrate laterally away from the leak source, extending the plume boundary by 2–4%. While efforts to study a wider range of environmental conditions are underway, the findings of this study provide crucial insight into identifying and prioritizing leaks from the perspectives of both safety and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"539–545"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert C. Hill, Gordon D. Z. Williams, Zhen Wang, Jun Hu, Tayel El-Hasan, Owen W. Duckworth, Ewald Schnug, Roland Bol, Anjali Singh and Avner Vengosh*,
{"title":"Tracing the Environmental Effects of Mineral Fertilizer Application with Trace Elements and Strontium Isotope Variations","authors":"Robert C. Hill, Gordon D. Z. Williams, Zhen Wang, Jun Hu, Tayel El-Hasan, Owen W. Duckworth, Ewald Schnug, Roland Bol, Anjali Singh and Avner Vengosh*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00170","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00170","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fertilizer utilization is critical for food security. This study examines the occurrence of trace elements (TEs) and Sr isotope (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) variations in phosphate rocks and mineral fertilizers from a sample collection representative of major phosphate producing countries. We show high concentrations of several TEs in phosphate rocks (<i>n</i> = 76) and their selective enrichment in phosphate fertilizers (<i>n</i> = 40) of specific origin. Consistent with the concentrations in parent phosphate rocks, phosphate fertilizers from the U.S. and Middle East have substantially higher concentrations of U, Cd, Cr, V, and Mo than those in fertilizers from China and India. Yet, fertilizers from China and India generally have higher concentrations of As. The <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr in phosphate fertilizers directly mimic the composition of their source phosphate rocks, with distinctive higher ratios in fertilizers from China and India (0.70955–0.71939) relative to phosphate fertilizers from U.S. and Middle East (0.70748–0.70888). Potash fertilizers have less Sr and TEs and higher <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr (0.72017–0.79016), causing higher <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr in mixed NPK-fertilizers. Selective extraction (Mehlich III) of soils from an experimental agricultural site shows relative enrichment of potentially plant-available P, Sr, and TEs in topsoil, which is associated with Sr isotope variation toward the <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr of the local utilized phosphate fertilizer.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"604–610"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin Baker*, Nathan Schunk, Matt Scholz, Ashton Merck, Rebecca Logsdon Muenich, Paul Westerhoff, James J. Elser, Owen W. Duckworth, Luke Gatiboni, Minhazul Islam, Anna-Maria Marshall, Rosangela Sozzani and Brooke K. Mayer*,
{"title":"Global-to-Local Dependencies in Phosphorus Mass Flows and Markets: Pathways to Improving System Resiliency in Response to Exogenous Shocks","authors":"Justin Baker*, Nathan Schunk, Matt Scholz, Ashton Merck, Rebecca Logsdon Muenich, Paul Westerhoff, James J. Elser, Owen W. Duckworth, Luke Gatiboni, Minhazul Islam, Anna-Maria Marshall, Rosangela Sozzani and Brooke K. Mayer*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00208","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00208","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Uneven global distribution of phosphate rock deposits and the supply chains to transport phosphorus (P) make P fertilizers vulnerable to exogenous shocks, including commodity market shocks; extreme weather events or natural disasters; and geopolitical instability, such as trade disputes, disruption of shipping routes, and war. Understanding bidirectional risk transmission (global-to-local and local-to-global) in P supply and consumption chains is thus essential. Ignoring P system interdependencies and associated risks could have major impacts on critical infrastructure operations and increase the vulnerability of global food systems. We highlight recent unanticipated events and cascading effects that have impacted P markets globally. We discuss the need to account for exogenous shocks in local assessments of P flows, policies, and infrastructure design choices. We also provide examples of how accounting for undervalued global risks to the P industry can hasten the transition to a sustainable P future. For example, leveraging internal P recycling loops, improving plant P use efficiency, and utilizing legacy soil P all enhance system resiliency in the face of exogenous shocks and long-term anticipated threats. Strategies applied at the local level, which are embedded within national and global policy systems, can have global-scale impacts in derisking the P supply chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"493–502"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret E. Stack, William H. Richardot, Raymmah Garcia, Tran Nguyen, C. Anela Choy, Paul R. Jensen, Johanna Gutleben, Nathan G. Dodder, Lihini I. Aluwihare* and Eunha Hoh*,
{"title":"Identification of DDT+ in Deep Ocean Sediment and Biota in the Southern California Bight","authors":"Margaret E. Stack, William H. Richardot, Raymmah Garcia, Tran Nguyen, C. Anela Choy, Paul R. Jensen, Johanna Gutleben, Nathan G. Dodder, Lihini I. Aluwihare* and Eunha Hoh*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00115","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The recent rediscovery of offshore DDT waste dumping in the Southern California Bight (SCB) has led to questions about the extent and type of pollution in deep ocean environments. We used a nontargeted analysis to identify halogenated organic compounds (HOCs), including DDT+, in sediment in the San Pedro Basin. Additionally, we examined the chemical profiles of deep ocean biota inhabiting the SCB to assess the bioavailability of DDT+ and HOCs to the deep ocean food web. We detected 49 HOCs across all samples, including 15 DDT+ compounds in the sediment and 10 DDT+ compounds in the biota. Compounds included tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane (TCPM) and its isomers and three unknown DDT-related compounds previously identified in marine mammals. No clear trends were identified regarding DDT+ distribution in sediments. High DDT+ body burdens were found in biota irrespective of collection location, indicating widespread DDT+ contamination in the deep ocean of the SCB. TCPMs were detected in all biota samples except a single surface species, indicating that deep ocean sediment may be a source of DDT+ to the marine food web. This study demonstrates that the analysis of the larger suite of DDT+ is critical to trace deep ocean pollution of DDT in the SCB.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 5","pages":"479–484"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Swift Bird*, Alexis Navarre-Sitchler and Kamini Singha,
{"title":"Hyporheic Reaction Potential: A Framework for Predicting Reach Scale Solute Fate and Transport","authors":"Kenneth Swift Bird*, Alexis Navarre-Sitchler and Kamini Singha, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00035","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00035","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We develop a new framework, hyporheic reaction potential (HRP), to predict the influence of oxidation-reduction reactions on metal fate and transport in streams using data from tracer studies and geochemical sampling. HRP, with energy flux units [KJ m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>], is a metric calculated from both the physical and chemical properties of the hyporheic zone. We apply the HRP framework for iron reactions, using existing geochemical and geophysical data from two metal-impacted alpine streams at high and low flow. In these two systems, HRP delineates contrasting controls on iron fate and transport with biogeochemical controls in Mineral Creek and physical controls in Cement Creek. In both systems, HRP scales with discharge and hyporheic-zone extent as flows change seasonally, which demonstrates the ability of HRP to capture physical aspects of chemical reactions in the hyporheic zone. This paper provides a foundation on which HRP can be expanded to other solutes where chemical gradients in the hyporheic zone control reaction networks, making it broadly applicable to redox cycling in stream systems. This framework is useful in quantifying the role of the hyporheic zone in sourcing and storing metal(loid)s under varying hydrologic conditions with implications for water quality, mine remediation, and regional watershed management.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 6","pages":"586–590"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}