Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.最新文献_第6页

Formation of Inorganic Sulfate and Volatile Nonsulfated Products from Heterogeneous Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation of 2-Methyltetrol Sulfate Aerosols: Mechanisms and Atmospheric Implications 2-甲基四醇硫酸盐气溶胶的异质羟基自由基氧化作用形成无机硫酸盐和挥发性非硫酸盐产物：机理和对大气的影响

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0045110.1021/acs.estlett.4c00451

Rongshuang Xu, Yuzhi Chen, Sze In Madeleine Ng, Zhenfa Zhang, Avram Gold, Barbara J. Turpin, Andrew P. Ault*, Jason D. Surratt* and Man Nin Chan*,

{"title":"Formation of Inorganic Sulfate and Volatile Nonsulfated Products from Heterogeneous Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation of 2-Methyltetrol Sulfate Aerosols: Mechanisms and Atmospheric Implications","authors":"Rongshuang Xu, Yuzhi Chen, Sze In Madeleine Ng, Zhenfa Zhang, Avram Gold, Barbara J. Turpin, Andrew P. Ault*, Jason D. Surratt* and Man Nin Chan*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0045110.1021/acs.estlett.4c00451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00451https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00451","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical transformation of 2-methyltetrol sulfates (2-MTS), key isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constituents, through heterogeneous hydroxyl radical (•OH) oxidation can result in the formation of previously unidentified atmospheric organosulfates (OSs). However, detected OSs cannot fully account for the sulfur content released from reacted 2-MTS, indicating the existence of sulfur in forms other than OSs such as inorganic sulfates. This work investigated the formation of inorganic sulfates through heterogeneous •OH oxidation of 2-MTS aerosols. Remarkably, high yields of inorganic sulfates, defined as the moles of inorganic sulfates produced per mole of reacted 2-MTS, were observed in the range from 0.48 ± 0.07 to 0.68 ± 0.07. These could be explained by the production of sulfate (SO4•–) and sulfite (SO3•–) radicals through the cleavage of C–O(S) and (C)O–S bonds, followed by aerosol-phase reactions. Additionally, nonsulfated products resulting from bond cleavage were likely volatile and evaporated into the gas phase, as evidenced by the observed aerosol mass loss (≤25%) and concurrent size reduction upon oxidation. This investigation highlights the significant transformation of sulfur from its organic to inorganic forms during the heterogeneous oxidation of 2-MTS aerosols, potentially influencing the physicochemical properties and environmental impacts of isoprene-derived SOAs.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 9","pages":"968–974 968–974"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying New Sources of Ambient Organic Aerosol and Their Roles in Particle Growth Using Oxygenated Organic Molecule (OOM) Tracers 利用含氧有机分子（OOM）示踪剂量化环境有机气溶胶的新来源及其在粒子生长中的作用

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0053610.1021/acs.estlett.4c00536

Yongyi Zhao, Ke Hu, Jian Wang, Qiongqiong Wang, Pu Wang, Nan Chen, Bo Zhu, Hong-Hai Zhang and Huan Yu*,

{"title":"Quantifying New Sources of Ambient Organic Aerosol and Their Roles in Particle Growth Using Oxygenated Organic Molecule (OOM) Tracers","authors":"Yongyi Zhao, Ke Hu, Jian Wang, Qiongqiong Wang, Pu Wang, Nan Chen, Bo Zhu, Hong-Hai Zhang and Huan Yu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0053610.1021/acs.estlett.4c00536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00536https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00536","url":null,"abstract":"China is suffering from frequent PM2.5 episodes in the winter characterized by rapid particle growth. Organic aerosol (OA) is often the bottleneck of further reducing PM pollution. To devise effective control measures, the sources of OA must be identified and quantified first. This study expanded the capability of cutting-edge iodide-based chemical ionization mass spectrometry in a source apportionment study by measuring a variety of oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs). A workflow was developed to find suitable tracers from these OOMs. The source apportionment research of OAs was advanced by incorporating these OOM tracers with traditional nonpolar/polar organic tracers. The OOMs-incorporated positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to two unique groups of aerosol samples collected in an inland megacity and an ocean expedition. PMF without OOM tracers overestimated the OA contribution from fossil fuel combustion, plastic burning, and monoterpene SOA. On average, PMF with OOM tracers assigned 28.8% and 44.1% of OA in inland megacity and marine samples, respectively, to 4 new factors: aliphatic SOA, highly oxidized aromatic SOA, sulfur-containing SOA, and nitrogen-containing SOA. A one-hour resolution measurement found nitrogen-containing SOA and sulfur-containing SOA were significantly enhanced in particles during nighttime and daytime particle growth events, respectively.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 9","pages":"988–995 988–995"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overlooked Chlorination of Aqueous Alcohols: Aldehyde Formation and Artifactual Chlorine Consumption 被忽视的水醇氯化：醛的形成和人为的氯消耗

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0054010.1021/acs.estlett.4c00540

Michal Lieberman, Daniel L. McCurry and Emily L. Marron*,

{"title":"Overlooked Chlorination of Aqueous Alcohols: Aldehyde Formation and Artifactual Chlorine Consumption","authors":"Michal Lieberman, Daniel L. McCurry and Emily L. Marron*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0054010.1021/acs.estlett.4c00540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00540https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00540","url":null,"abstract":"In environmental chemistry research, stock solutions of organic compounds are commonly prepared in alcohols (e.g., methanol), including during experiments to quantify oxidation kinetics and disinfection byproduct formation. Lacking an obviously oxidizable functional group, alcohols are tacitly assumed to be inert with respect to common water treatment oxidants and favored for their low cost, low toxicity, and miscibility with water. While attempting to duplicate a previous result reporting formaldehyde as a product of dimethylamine chlorination, we found that a substantial amount of formaldehyde was generated when the dimethylamine dosing solution was prepared in methanol but not when it was prepared in water. We further found that under conditions typical of chlorination kinetics experiments, aqueous methanol concentrations as low as 0.4% (v/v) could significantly deplete chlorine compared to methanol-free controls. In the presence of increasing methanol concentrations, chlorine depletion half-lives decreased to ∼4 h at 2% methanol. Finally, we examined the chlorination of five primary alcohols and one secondary alcohol, which all formed the corresponding carbonyls at comparable rates. These findings raise doubts about the routine use of alcohols as carrier solvents for the preparation of stock solutions in research on aqueous chlorination reactions and highlight alcohols as a potential source of aldehyde formation during chlorination.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 9","pages":"1002–1007 1002–1007"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrochar Surpasses Pyrochar in Mitigating Soil N2O Emissions from Denitrification Due to Its Improved Electron Shuttle Function and Low Levels of Persistent Free Radicals 由于水碳具有更好的电子穿梭功能和较低的持久性自由基水平，它在缓解土壤脱硝产生的一氧化二氮排放方面优于火碳

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0047010.1021/acs.estlett.4c00470

Dan Yuan, Jiao Yuan, Zhifen Jia, Ping Wu, Chunsheng Hu, Tim J. Clough, Hu Cheng and Shuping Qin*,

{"title":"Hydrochar Surpasses Pyrochar in Mitigating Soil N2O Emissions from Denitrification Due to Its Improved Electron Shuttle Function and Low Levels of Persistent Free Radicals","authors":"Dan Yuan, Jiao Yuan, Zhifen Jia, Ping Wu, Chunsheng Hu, Tim J. Clough, Hu Cheng and Shuping Qin*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0047010.1021/acs.estlett.4c00470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00470https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00470","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrochar, a biochar variant produced through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), is increasingly reported to exhibit superior performance in mitigating soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, relative to traditional biochar produced through high-temperature pyrolysis (pyrochar). However, the underlying mechanisms for this are still unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of hydrochar and pyrochar, examining the soil N2O mitigation potential from denitrification, electron shuttle functionality, soil microbial composition, and denitrification genes dynamics. Our results conclusively establish that hydrochar outperforms pyrochar due to its exceptional electron transfer capacity, characterized by higher electron exchange capacity (EEC), abundance of electron-donating moieties and more prevalent electron transfer components. Notably, the lower concentration of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in hydrochar results in unimpeded expression of the nosZ gene, promoting complete denitrification and resulting in reduced N2O emissions. These findings highlight hydrochar’s potential as an electron shuttle and underscore its promise as a superior soil amendment for mitigating N2O emissions compared to pyrochar.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 9","pages":"954–960 954–960"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field Evidence for Constraints of Nearly Dry and Weakly Acidic Aerosol Conditions on the Formation of Organosulfates 近干性和弱酸性气溶胶条件对有机硫酸盐形成的制约的实地证据

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0052210.1021/acs.estlett.4c00522

Ting Yang, Yu Xu*, Yi-Jia Ma, Yu-Chen Wang, Jian Zhen Yu, Qi-Bin Sun, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hua-Yun Xiao and Cong-Qiang Liu,

{"title":"Field Evidence for Constraints of Nearly Dry and Weakly Acidic Aerosol Conditions on the Formation of Organosulfates","authors":"Ting Yang, Yu Xu*, Yi-Jia Ma, Yu-Chen Wang, Jian Zhen Yu, Qi-Bin Sun, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hua-Yun Xiao and Cong-Qiang Liu, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0052210.1021/acs.estlett.4c00522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00522https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00522","url":null,"abstract":"A global perspective on the abundance and formation of organosulfates (OSs) during field studies (relative humidity of 53% to 77%) suggested that the investigated particles are generally nondry and acidic (pH < 6). However, the key factors affecting OS formation in nearly dry and weakly acidic aerosol conditions remain elusive. This topic was resolved by examining the composition and formation of OSs in PM2.5 collected in Urumqi (dry and dusty) over a one-year period. Anthropogenic OSs accounted for 49 ± 8% of the total OSs, indicating a large anthropogenic contribution to OS formation in Urumqi (particularly in winter). The low aerosol liquid water (ALW) concentration (2 ± 2 μg m–3) and weak particle acidity (pH = 7 ± 2) during the summer were important factors limiting anthropogenic OS formation. However, increased ALW (100 ± 70 μg m–3) and particle acidity (pH = 5 ± 1) during the winter significantly promoted anthropogenic OS production. The formation of most of isoprene- and monoterpene-derived OSs during summer was also constrained by unfavorable ALW concentration and particle acidity, resulting in biogenic OS levels being lower in summer than in winter. This study provides observational evidence on OS formation constraints by dry and dusty atmospheric conditions.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 9","pages":"981–987 981–987"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Conductive and Redox-Active Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Direct Quantification of Perfluorooctanoic Acid 用于直接定量全氟辛酸的新型导电和氧化还原活性分子印迹聚合物

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0055710.1021/acs.estlett.4c00557

Sumbul Hafeez, Aysha Khanam, Han Cao, Brian P. Chaplin and Wenqing Xu*,

{"title":"Novel Conductive and Redox-Active Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Direct Quantification of Perfluorooctanoic Acid","authors":"Sumbul Hafeez, Aysha Khanam, Han Cao, Brian P. Chaplin and Wenqing Xu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0055710.1021/acs.estlett.4c00557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00557https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00557","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that is both conductive and redox-active for directly quantifying perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) electrochemically. We synthesized the monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (EDOT-TEMPO) for electropolymerization on a glassy carbon electrode using PFOA as a template, which was abbreviated as PEDOT-TEMPO-MIP. The redox-active MIP eliminated the need for external redox probes. When exposed to PFOA, both anodic and cathodic peaks of MIP showed a decreased current density. This observation can be explained by the formation of a charge-assisted hydrogen bond between the anionic PFOA and MIP’s redox-active moieties (TEMPO) that hinder the conversion between the oxidized and reduced forms of TEMPO. The extent of the current density decrease showed excellent linearity with PFOA concentrations, with a method detection limit of 0.28 ng·L–1. PEDOT-TEMPO-MIP also exhibited high selectivity toward PFOA against other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Our results suggest electropolymerization of MIPs was highly reproducible, with a relative standard deviation of 5.1% among three separate MIP electrodes. PEDOT-TEMPO-MIP can also be repeatedly used with good stability and reproducibility for PFOA detection. This study provides an innovative platform for rapid PFAS quantification using redox-active MIPs, laying the groundwork for developing compact PFAS sensors.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 8","pages":"871–877 871–877"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ozone Enhances the Inflammation Effects of PM2.5 Components Based on an Exposomic Approach in a Panel Study 基于暴露组学方法的小组研究：臭氧会增强 PM2.5 成分的炎症效应

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0053710.1021/acs.estlett.4c00537

Xing Jiang, Yiqun Han, Xinghua Qiu*, Yanwen Wang, Jinming Liu, Zhen Cheng, Yan Tian, Yifan Xu, Xi Chen, Yunfei Fan, Wu Chen, Weiju Li and Tong Zhu,

{"title":"Ozone Enhances the Inflammation Effects of PM2.5 Components Based on an Exposomic Approach in a Panel Study","authors":"Xing Jiang, Yiqun Han, Xinghua Qiu*, Yanwen Wang, Jinming Liu, Zhen Cheng, Yan Tian, Yifan Xu, Xi Chen, Yunfei Fan, Wu Chen, Weiju Li and Tong Zhu, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0053710.1021/acs.estlett.4c00537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00537https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00537","url":null,"abstract":"Ozone (O3) has been implicated in exacerbating the adverse health effects of ambient PM2.5, yet the role of chemical composition in this process remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate how the use of O3 enhances inflammation induced by PM2.5 compounds. Utilizing exposomic characterization of 1327 compounds in personal PM2.5 from a panel study of elderly urban residents, our analysis revealed that O3 enhanced associations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, i.e., exhaled nitric oxide, exhaled interleukin-6, serum interleukin-6, serum interleukin-1β, serum tumor necrosis factor-α, and urinary malondialdehyde, with 149, 130, 158, 190, 67, and 20 compounds in PM2.5, respectively. Most of these compounds were monocyclic and polycyclic aromatics, nitrated aromatics, and terpenoids. Their structural features indicated the presence of unsaturated double bonds in aromatics and terpenoids, driving a 1.3–5.6-fold change in O3 interaction values compared with those of compounds lacking such bonds; the interactions presumably occur in the lungs. Among species screened for O3 enhancement, in silico toxicokinetic analysis employing a random forest approach suggested the activation of cytochrome P450 1A2 and estrogen receptor as key physiological pathways. Overall, this study provides initial evidence demonstrating that O3 exacerbates the pro-inflammatory effects of PM2.5 components containing an unsaturated ring, highlighting the additive risks from an air pollution mixture.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 8","pages":"818–824 818–824"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence of Long-Range Transport of Selenium Downstream of Coal Mining Operations in the Elk River Valley, Canada 加拿大埃尔克河流域采煤作业下游硒远距离迁移的证据

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0022210.1021/acs.estlett.4c00222

Madison J. Foster*, Meryl B. Storb, Johanna M. Blake, Travis S. Schmidt, Rochelle A. Nustad and Ashley M. Bussell,

{"title":"Evidence of Long-Range Transport of Selenium Downstream of Coal Mining Operations in the Elk River Valley, Canada","authors":"Madison J. Foster*, Meryl B. Storb, Johanna M. Blake, Travis S. Schmidt, Rochelle A. Nustad and Ashley M. Bussell, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0022210.1021/acs.estlett.4c00222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00222https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00222","url":null,"abstract":"Expanding coal-mining operations in the Elk River Valley (British Columbia, Canada) have increased total selenium (Se) concentrations in the transboundary Lake Koocanusa (Canada and United States), but the spatial extent of Se transport from the Elk River Mines is unknown. We evaluated multiple lines of evidence of long-range transport of Se at five sites downstream of the mines relative to a site unaffected by the mines. First, all mine-affected sites had increasing trends in flow-normalized Se concentrations between 2005 and 2021 (35–89%), while no trend was observed at the unaffected site between 2005 and 2017. Second, all mine-affected sites had elevated annual mean Se concentrations and 5-year mean annual loads (2013–2017) by up to an order of magnitude relative to the unaffected site. Third, Se concentrations and the magnitude of the concentration trend generally decreased with distance downstream from the mines while loads increased, which is consistent with the downstream transport of the bulk of the Se load from the mines with smaller contributions from other sources. These results provide multiple lines of evidence that Se from the Elk River Mines is transported over 575 river kilometers and may pose risks to aquatic life in the transboundary Columbia River.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 8","pages":"856–861 856–861"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Chemical Iceberg Underground: Research Needs for Emerging Pollutants in Groundwater 了解地下的化学冰山：地下水中新兴污染物的研究需求

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0043610.1021/acs.estlett.4c00436

Linlin Yao, Jianbo Shi* and Guibin Jiang,

引用次数: 0

Toxicological Study of Human Exposure to Mixtures of Chemicals: Challenges and Approaches 人类接触混合化学品的毒理学研究：挑战与方法

IF 8.9 2区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0039310.1021/acs.estlett.4c00393

Min Nian, Georg Braun, Beate I Escher and Mingliang Fang*,

{"title":"Toxicological Study of Human Exposure to Mixtures of Chemicals: Challenges and Approaches","authors":"Min Nian, Georg Braun, Beate I Escher and Mingliang Fang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0039310.1021/acs.estlett.4c00393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00393https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00393","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are exposed to highly diverse mixtures of complex and often unknown compositions, which may adversely impact their health. There is a lack of guidance on how to design toxicological studies of chemical mixtures. This paper aims to evaluate the weaknesses and strengths of chemical mixture studies and to propose the practical design of mixture effect studies including chemical selection, dosing considerations, and determination of toxicological mechanisms of mixtures. The design of mixture effect studies should be optimized to yield relevant information on real-life mixture effects (1) by selecting appropriate chemicals based on the association between chemical effects and diseases using information from epidemiological studies and “chemical-disease” associations from toxicological databases and/or animal studies; (2) by testing mixture ratios and concentrations derived from biomonitoring data; (3) by evolving from binary mixtures and those with a low number of components to complex and diverse mixtures with as many components as practically possible; (4) by applying multiomics and high-throughput screening approaches to increase the number of testable individual chemicals and mixture scenarios; and (5) by implementing computational mixture models in the experiment planning phase and to interpret the outcomes to examine the toxicological mechanisms of “multiple exposure-multiple targets”. We urge to move mixture investigation from answering academic questions such as mixture interaction models at high effect and concentration levels to mixture scenarios that are relevant for today’s human exposure, i.e., low concentration, low effect but high complexity mixtures.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 8","pages":"773–782 773–782"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0