Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"A novel psoas muscle variant coexisting with femoral nerve bifurcation by psoas quartus: A case report","authors":"Bryan Ashley,&nbsp;Laurieanne Hemric,&nbsp;Keith Lustig","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Anatomical variations of the iliopsoas complex can have clinical relevance, particularly those involving the femoral nerve. This report describes a previously undocumented psoas muscle variant and two additional muscular anomalies which may have implications for nerve entrapment and hip dysfunction, though further research is required to establish clinical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall was performed in 2024 on an adult female cadaver as part of an anatomy course at Liberty University. The dissection was carried out by a graduate teaching assistant (medical student) under the supervision of faculty anatomists. Detailed anatomical observations were recorded and compared to existing literature on iliopsoas variants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A bilateral muscle was identified originating from the medial aspect of the iliolumbar ligament and inserting into the posterior fibers of psoas major. It received distinct innervation from the femoral nerve. A review of literature revealed no prior documentation of this variant. Two additional variants were observed: prominent medial loops of the iliacus muscle and bilateral psoas quartus muscles dividing the femoral nerve.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These variants may contribute to femoral nerve compression or snapping hip syndrome, especially in patients with idiopathic or recurrent symptoms. Recognition of such anatomical variations can aid in diagnosing unexplained groin pain or failed regional anesthesia and supports the need for more comprehensive documentation of iliopsoas morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the frontier of lung alveolar regeneration: Cellular dynamics, aging effects, and emerging therapeutics","authors":"Rashid A. Aldahhan,&nbsp;Amal Ahmed El-Sheikh","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alveolar regeneration is essential for maintaining lung function and enabling recovery following lung injury. Impairment of this process contributes to the progression of various respiratory diseases. A detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving alveolar repair is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar focusing on the history of alveolar regeneration and the cells involved in this process, the effects of aging, and associated therapeutic implications. The keywords used in the search included “alveolar regeneration,” “aging,” “cell senescence,” “stem cells,” “growth factors,” and “therapeutic potential.”</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This review explores the key cellular players involved in alveolar repair, focusing particularly on alveolar type 2 cells and other progenitor populations that contribute to alveolar epithelial renewal. This review also highlights how aging affects regenerative capacity, as age-related cellular dysfunction may impair lung repair and exacerbate chronic pulmonary conditions. Furthermore, novel insights into alveolar regeneration are reviewed, including recent advancements in <em>in vivo</em> and in vitro models as well as single-cell technologies that provide a deeper understanding of the regenerative process. Emerging therapeutic strategies, such as stem cell–based therapies, gene editing, and pharmacological interventions, are also discussed in the context of enhancing alveolar regeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By integrating recent discoveries and identifying key knowledge gaps, this review provides a comprehensive overview of alveolar regeneration and emphasizes potential therapeutic approaches for promoting lung repair and restoring respiratory function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of using CBCT scans to derive the parameters of the facial canal","authors":"Shavana Govender ,&nbsp;Tania Hanekom ,&nbsp;René Human-Baron","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Studies have analysed the facial canal (FC) parameters using dissection or imaging technologies. To date, no studies have analysed the differences between these methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of deriving the parameters from the FC on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans by comparing it to FC morphometric analyses of dissected heads.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten embalmed heads (n = 20) were CBCT scanned and analysed using ImageJ. Next, each FC segment was dissected. Measurements for both methods included the proximal and distal diameters and lengths for each segment, and angles of the first and second genua.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The paired <em>t</em>-test indicated significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) between the CBCT and dissected measurements for most FC segments measured. The respective dissection measurements were consistently higher than the CBCT measurements. However, the Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the two modalities in measuring FC segments. Interobserver error values were 0.963 and 0.950 for the CBCT and dissection groups, respectively, indicating a high repeatability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the current study showed differences between the parameters of the FC derived from CBCT scans and dissected measurements, CBCT scans remain a valuable tool for non-invasive assessments. However, the differences have implications for modelling in that CBCT measurements underestimate the true size for the various segments of the FC. It is worth noting that a potential difference in segment sizes may exist between populations but will have no effect on using CBCT scans as a pre-operative assessment of the FC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of the absence of palmaris longus muscle tendon in the population of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Buthainah A. Al Azman ,&nbsp;Bushra A. Al-Ghamdi ,&nbsp;Wedad S. Al Muhaish ,&nbsp;Wejdan H. Al Hakami ,&nbsp;Reem K. Al Khaldi ,&nbsp;Hayat A. Al Otaibi ,&nbsp;Bhagath Kumar Potu ,&nbsp;Abdel Halim Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Palmaris longus (PL) muscle is one of the most variable muscles in the human body. Racial differences in its variation are well known. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of absence of the PL and its association with gender and side in the population of eastern province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The presence of PL was clinically determined in 200 Saudi subjects using Schaeffer's test. Three other tests (Thompson, Pushpakumar and Mishra tests) were performed to confirm the result in subjects with an absent PL.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of absence of PL in the eastern province population of the Saudi Arabia was 24 %. The prevalence of right, left, and bilateral absence of the PL were: 2 %, 4.5 %, and 17.5 %, respectively. There was no significant difference in PL absence with regard to the gender and side.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The prevalence of PL absence in the eastern province population of the Saudi Arabia represents more or less similar patterns reported in Arab and Pan Arab populations, but it was higher than those reported from East and West Asian populations as evident from our extensive literature review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circle of Willis variations and features in an American Midwestern cadaver population","authors":"Swathi Sridhar ,&nbsp;Farida Mehrhoff ,&nbsp;Dominic Maiuro ,&nbsp;Chloe Maye ,&nbsp;Cameron Smith ,&nbsp;Phil Sheridan ,&nbsp;Robert Hillard","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a critical cerebral arterial network. This study investigates CoW variants in a Midwestern U.S. cadaveric population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The CoWs of 25 formalin-fixed human cadavers were evaluated with vessel measurements obtained through ImageJ software. Variations were classified per a previously published system with R Studio statistical analysis, including comparisons by sex and body mass index (BMI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A typical CoW configuration was identified in 2 of 25 specimens (8 %), with the remaining 92 % demonstrating anatomical variants. The most common variations were unilateral hypoplasia (38.3 %), bilateral hypoplasia (21.3 %), and duplications (12.8 %). Variations most commonly involved the posterior communicating artery (73.9 %; PComA; especially PComA hypoplasia), the anterior communicating artery (60.9 %; AComA), and the anterior cerebral artery (52.2 %). Rare anatomical variants included quadruplication of the A2 segment, fetal-type PComA, and AComA aplasia.</div><div>Males exhibited significantly greater vessel diameters and lengths across most segments, except for PComA diameter, which was larger in females (p &lt; 0.05). Non-overweight body mass index (BMI &lt; 25) correlated positively with the diameter of the extra triplicated A2, and increased BMI ( ≥ 25) showed a significant increase in the right A1 ACA diameter (p &lt; 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in arterial lengths.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the high prevalence of CoW anatomical variations in the Midwestern population, including several distinctive variants, adding to the literature. Significant differences based on sex and BMI were identified, suggesting potential implications for neurosurgical and vascular surgery considerations. Further research with additional cohorts is necessary to validate and expand upon these observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical study of the greater palatine foramen in adult human skulls using anatomical planes for clinical considerations","authors":"Naveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Ravi Bhaskar ,&nbsp;Anjana Shidaraddi ,&nbsp;Melissa Glenda Lewis ,&nbsp;Swamy Ravindra Shanthakumar ,&nbsp;Ashwini P. Aithal","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The greater palatine nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve, enters the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen (GPF). Accurate localization of the GPF is essential while negotiating the greater palatine canal to block the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to elucidate the shape, orientation, and position of the greater palatine foramen in relation to the surgically encountered anatomical landmarks and maxillary molars in an adult Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was conducted on 80 human adult skulls of unknown gender. Both sides of the hard palate were assessed, and the number of GPF was recorded by direct visual inspection. Morphometric measurements were recorded with regard to the topographic relation of GPF with the neighbouring bony landmarks. The data were analysed using an independent sample <em>t</em>-test and Spearman rank correlation to check the relationships between the measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average distance from the incisive fossa to the posterior nasal spine was 40.68 mm. The distance between GPF and incisive fossa was 40.68 and 36.32 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distance between GPF and lesser palatine foramen was 2.99 and 2.81 mm on the right and left sides, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study provides additional metrical values that help locate the GPF accurately. The data presented here will also provide an index for future studies and help with various invasive procedures in the field of dentistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial - The role of the clinical anatomy in improving the quality of the modern surgery","authors":"Przemysław A. Pękala,&nbsp;Jerzy A. Walocha","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population","authors":"Phongpitak Putiwat ,&nbsp;Kaemisa Srisen ,&nbsp;Phetcharat Phetnui ,&nbsp;Juthamas Kamwong ,&nbsp;Suthat Duangchit ,&nbsp;Supatcharee Arun ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard ,&nbsp;Worrawit Boonthai ,&nbsp;Chanasorn Poodendaen","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential translational utility of embalmed cadaveric gastrointestinal tract specimens: a proof-of-concept study","authors":"Marcello Trucas ,&nbsp;Michela Vincis ,&nbsp;Claudio Intini ,&nbsp;Daniel Johnston ,&nbsp;Andrea Diana ,&nbsp;Denis Barry","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>in recent decades, fewer autopsies are performed, often replaced by radiological imaging, resulting in abundant imaging data but few complete anatomical examinations. While most surgical specimens are limited to the disease-affected region. Examining the entire gastrointestinal system of anatomical donors and histologically analysing them could enhance research and valorise donation programs, extending medical knowledge. One factor limiting the preservation of the digestive tract in cadavers is the post-mortem interval. Embalming is one of the most widely used methods to preserve donors, but the post-mortem interval affects the gastrointestinal tract in a stable and time-dependent manner, making its histological examination a challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>this proof-of-concept study assesses the histological potential of gastrointestinal tissues from embalmed bodies used for anatomical education. Digestive tissues from four donors (two embalmed after 12 h, two after 72 h postmortem) were histologically processed. A scoring system evaluated histological preservation by assessing seven parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>analysis showed high-quality preservation of embalmed tissues, including intestinal villi, the aorta, and liver sinusoids, highlighting both normal and pathological architecture, such as atherosclerosis, liver fibrosis, and lymphocyte infiltration. Features were identifiable with excellent histological detail in both the 12-h and 72-h post-mortem interval groups. Although this is a proof-of-concept study, only a slight difference was found between the two groups, with significant differences only in epithelium and vessel characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrated that donors’ digestive tissues could be suitable for detailed analyses and insights into chronic diseases and ageing, even in cadavers with a long post-mortem interval.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic analysis of a primo vessel within a lymphatic vessel in a Sprague-Dawley rat","authors":"Felix Scholkmann ,&nbsp;Yiming Shen ,&nbsp;Pan-Dong Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous studies have documented the existence of an additional vascular system in mammals: the primo vascular system (PVS), consisting of primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The PVS was investigated in five Sprague-Dawley rats. The dye Alcian blue was injected into the lymph node near the lumbar spine (lumbar lymph node) in one rat to stain the lymphatic tissue to determine whether the lymphatic vessels (LVs) contained PVs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A PV (diameter: ∼30–50 μm) inside a LV (diameter: ∼120–200 μm) was identified near the inferior vena cava. Microscopy images of this specimen are shown in this report and analysed. A reference is given to a detailed guide on how to find, extract and analyse the PVs within the LVs of rats.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The case report documents a PV inside an LV and shows that LVs can contain a secondary vessel that could be identified as a PV and part of the PVS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}