Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Morphometric evaluation of suprascapular notch and superior angle of the scapula using three-dimensional computed tomography in the Indian population","authors":"Rakshak Krishnamurthi Raman ,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar Pandey ,&nbsp;Vivek Pandey ,&nbsp;Praveen Shastry ,&nbsp;Yash Alok","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Among the various aspects of scapular anatomy, the suprascapular notch has gained attention as its anatomical variation is a predisposing factor for compression of the suprascapular nerve in this region, potentially impacting orthopedic surgery. This study aims to investigate the morphology of suprascapular notch (SSN) and its variation with age and sexual dimorphism. It also seeks to classify and correlate the superior angle of the scapula with the SSN in the Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of 360 computed tomography scans of scapulae of 180 adults was conducted. The morphology of SSN was classified according to Rengachary's classification (types I-VI), and the maximum depth (MD) and maximum width (MW) of SSN were measured. The superior angle of the scapula was classified based on morphological characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Type I SSN was the most prevalent, suggesting lower susceptibility to suprascapular nerve entrapment. Males had significantly greater MD than females. Identical types of SSN and superior angles on both sides of the scapula were statistically significant, though variations on each side were also observed. There was no significant difference in age. The superior angle of the scapula was classified into four types: Hilly, mountain peak, crescent, and chimney, with the hilly type being the most common. No correlation was found between SSN and the superior angle.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings may provide a comprehensive understanding necessary for accurate diagnoses of related abnormalities and for performing safe and effective endoscopic and open surgical procedures in the suprascapular region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the effectiveness of teaching neuroanatomy: A comparative study using stained and unstained brain sections to interpret cross sectional neuroanatomy","authors":"Rohini Punja ,&nbsp;Dhiren Punja","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroanatomy is considered one of the most challenging parts of anatomy curriculum and the complexity in understanding neuroanatomy generates from the lack of a 3-dimensional view of the structures. Since everything appears grey and white and is difficult to differentiate the various structures in a cross section of brain, staining aids in the visual interpretation and retention. There are various staining methods employed such as Mulligan's method, Alston's method, Prussian blue reaction method, however the results obtained by Alston's method was the best as gathered from previous literature.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, formalin fixed brain slices measuring 10 mm thickness were stained using Alston's method. 250 medical students of the first professional year were demonstrated features such as the internal capsule, caudate nucleus, lentiform and thalamus in the stained and unstained transverse sections of cerebrum during their neuroanatomy practical sessions. Following which a feedback was collected regarding both the specimens using Microsoft Forms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a positive feedback from the students with 83 % of them preferring the stained over the unstained section. Excerpts from the open ended question where all in favour of the stained sections -“much easier to see and identify the parts in the stained section because of the clear distinction between white and grey matter”.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Macroscopic staining of sections of the brain using Alston's method could be implemented as a valuable method for effective teaching of neuroanatomy since students appreciated the structures better in the stained sections which enhanced their retention of neuroanatomy. Since Alston stain produces the least shrinkage, these stained sections could be utilized for research studies and such specimens could also be plastinated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical variations of the human mandible and prevalence of duplicated mental and mandibular foramina in the collection of the State University of Londrina","authors":"Marna Eliana Sakalem ,&nbsp;Camila Salvador Sestario ,&nbsp;Alisson Luiz Motta ,&nbsp;Dayanna Quintilhano ,&nbsp;Suzana Lopes Myszynski ,&nbsp;Vinicius Antonio Hiroaki Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The knowledge of the morphology of the human mandible is essential for diverse dental procedures. The potential anatomical variations of the bone, including the presence of accessory foramina, may culminate in significant clinical outcomes and implications, directly impacting dental surgery and anesthesia.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of study</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the general morphology of human mandibles in the collection of the State University of Londrina, South Brazil, and to determine the presence of anatomical variations.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A total of 63 mandibles were measured bilaterally with a pachymeter for various dimensions, and a proportional calculation of each parameter was obtained, based on the size of the length of each mandibular base. In addition to the general descriptive morphology of the mandibles, considering that six mandibles presented duplicated foramina, they were divided into two groups, and the mandibles with no anatomical variation (normal group, N = 57) were compared to those with duplicated foramina (N = 6). Data were checked for normal distribution and then tested statistically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six out of 63 mandibles (9.52 %) presented duplicated foramina, either mental or mandibular. Significant differences between the normal group and the duplicated foramina group were found in the lengths between mandibular angle and condylar process on both sides (right: 65.14 mm vs. 74.91 mm, p = 0.001; left: 65.04 mm vs. 72.34 mm, p = 0.019); between mandibular angle and coronoid process on the right side (59.55 mm vs. 67.67 mm, p = 0.007); and in the diameter of the left mandibular foramen (3.71 mm vs. 4.64 mm, p = 0.04), with the duplicated foramina group presenting a higher average for all parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings provide a morphological pattern for the Department of Anatomy of the State University of Londrina collection and highlight the presence of anatomical variations of the human mandible, specifically regarding duplicated foramina. The presence of accessory mental and mandibular foramina is clinically significant for dental procedures, potentially impacting the anesthesia. Understanding these variations is crucial for dental surgeons to prevent complications. Future research should further explore the functional implications and clinical significance of these variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000815/pdfft?md5=40958e15bb6b9f28fb51a89f014a5cfc&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000815-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhibition of the rare deep abductor-flexor of the fifth digit with concurrent hypothenar aberrations","authors":"Max J. Miller ,&nbsp;Trey W. Heiderscheidt ,&nbsp;Ethan L. Snow","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Intrinsic coordination of the fifth digit of the hand is largely controlled by the abductor digiti minimi (ADM), flexor digiti minimi brevis (FDMB), and opponens digiti minimi (ODM) muscles (i.e., the hypothenar muscles). Hypothenar muscle variations have been reported; however, biomechanical analyses are seldom performed and descriptions of rare variants such as the deep abductor-flexor of the fifth digit (DAF5) are especially scarce. This study aims to investigate an especially unique case involving the rare DAF5 among additional hypothenar muscle aberrations with biomechanical analysis and discussion of clinical implications.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An especially unique case of multiple unilateral (left) hypothenar muscle aberrations was discovered during routine human cadaver dissection. The aberrations were cleaned of extraneous fascia and photographed <em>in situ</em>. Mass and fascicle length were measured and mean postmortem fixed sarcomere states were determined via light microscopy to calculate a normalized maximal isometric force (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em>) for each muscle.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The concurrent aberrations included two accessory ADM muscles, three accessory FDMB muscles, an accessory ODM muscle, and a bicipital DAF5. The curved long head of DAF5 (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 4.77 N) originated from the transverse carpal ligament (across midline), while the straight short head (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 1.23 N) originated from the pisiform. The two heads united to form a prominent 3 cm tendon which inserted on the medial aspect of the base of the fifth proximal phalanx. Notably, the long head separated the ulnar artery (superficial) from the ulnar nerve (deep).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The presence of consecutive hypothenar anomalies could influence fifth digit coordination for proper hand function, and the concomitant DAF5 could implicate the underlying median and ulnar nerves. Insights from this report may inform occupational and physical therapists, orthopedic surgeons, and medical anatomy educators when treating or deliberating related cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000803/pdfft?md5=9d2091e22104400806a835ca85f403c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000803-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipartition of the atlanto-occipital joint surfaces in a South African sample","authors":"Vaughan Thompson ,&nbsp;Caroline Hay ,&nbsp;Christopher Yelverton ,&nbsp;Nicolene Jooste","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>One variation of the atlanto-occipital joint contains a groove or crest dividing the superior articulating facet of C1 and/or the corresponding occipital condyle. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of bipartition of the facets associated with the atlanto-occipital joint and to determine the relationships between the corresponding joint surfaces, bilateral and unilateral facets as well as demographic factors in a South African sample.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Data about shape and bipartition found on the superior articular facets of the atlas and the occipital condyles were collected from 109 skulls and atlases from the Pretoria Bone Collection, South Africa. Shape data was categorically classified according to existing criteria from literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results revealed the occasional occurrence of a double facet at both the superior articular facet of the atlas (15.6 %), and the occipital condyle (7.34 %). Shape and facet number of the superior articulating facet and corresponding occipital condyle were significantly correlated. The prevalence of bipartition of neither the superior articular facets nor the occipital condyles were statistically significantly different between the left and right sides. Sex and age did not statistically significantly contribute to prevalence of bipartition in this population. However, population group statistically significantly contributed to prevalence of bipartition (p = 0.019), with the White South African sample having a much higher prevalence (88.24 % superior articulating facet, 100 % occipital condyle) of bipartition compared to the Black South African sample (11.76 % superior articular facet, 0 % occipital condyle).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Awareness of this joint variation and instances where it is more likely to occur may be valuable for neuro-vascular and orthopaedic surgeons when doing invasive treatments around the craniocervical junction, and chiropractors when assessing and treating patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000797/pdfft?md5=a8caff5b6ead1c7e9a5311481adcd407&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000797-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feminine forces: A rising tide","authors":"Rebecca L. Pratt PhD (Professor of Anatomy),&nbsp;Lelika Lazarus PhD (Associate Professor of Anatomy),&nbsp;Alison M. Slater","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000785/pdfft?md5=7d0d680997c4f6ae2632defe34a9f7bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000785-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking boundaries & rewriting the body of work: An interview with Jane Doe about shaping the future of women in anatomy","authors":"Rebecca L. Pratt PhD (Professor of Anatomy)","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000773/pdfft?md5=b9750a6afe0effc262b58f6e6e82af3d&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000773-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similarities and differences in morphology, CD31 and CD68 expression of male vs. female sinoatrial node and its surrounding atrial muscle in ageing and obesity","authors":"Weixuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jingmo Qu ,&nbsp;Daniel Rams ,&nbsp;Maciej Zajac ,&nbsp;Raghad Albalawi ,&nbsp;Abimbola Aminu ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Mazur ,&nbsp;Mateusz K. Holda ,&nbsp;Jerzy Walocha ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Gil ,&nbsp;Marcin Kuniewicz ,&nbsp;Halina Dobrzynski ,&nbsp;Andrew Atkinson","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research purpose</h3><p>The sinoatrial node (SN) is the main pacemaker site, and it is located in the junctional area of the superior vena cava within the right atrium (RA). The precise micro-anatomy of the SN in males and females in ageing and obesity remains unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Basic procedures</h3><p>Human SN/RA specimens were dissected from 25 post-mortem hearts (preserved in 4 % formaldehyde solution), under Polish local ethical rules. The SN/RA tissue blocks were embedded in paraffin. Masson's Trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for CD31 (a marker of endothelial cells) and CD68 (a marker of macrophages) were performed. Images at different magnifications were taken and analysed. 12-lead ECGs from 24 patients under Polish local ethical rules were obtained. Heart rate and P wave morphologies from lead II, lead III and lead aVF were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with the unpaired <em>t</em>-test.</p></div><div><h3>Principal results</h3><p>Heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly higher in aged obese males vs. their female counterparts. In the RA samples, there was an increase in connective tissue and decreased myocyte content from aged obese females compared to aged obese males. Aged non-obese males had significantly increased cellular hypertrophy than the aged non-obese females. Both the aged obese and aged non-obese females showed more CD3 but less CD68 expressing cells than males. In the SN samples, CD31 and CD68 expressing cells were higher in both aged non-obese and aged obese males than their female counterparts.</p></div><div><h3>Major conclusions</h3><p>Ageing and/or obesity are more likely to impact these cardiac tissues through increased inflammation, increased immune response and hypertrophy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2400075X/pdfft?md5=f6354abe9fa8e43156025e26d3252f50&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X2400075X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbor vitae cerebelli: Fractal properties and their quantitative assessment by novel “contour scaling” fractal analysis method (an anatomical study)","authors":"Nataliia Maryenko,&nbsp;Oleksandr Stepanenko","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Arbor vitae cerebelli (tree-like branching white matter of the cerebellum) has a complex spatial configuration that is challenging to assess using conventional morphometric methods. This study proposes a fractal approach to describe and quantify the anatomy of Arbor vitae cerebelli. For this purpose, a new “contour scaling” method for fractal analysis of cerebellar white matter was developed.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>The cerebella of 100 cadavers (50 male and 50 female) who died from causes unrelated to brain pathology, aged 20–95 years, were examined. Mid-sagittal sections of the cerebellar vermis were studied. The fractal dimension values of the cerebellar white matter were determined using both the developed fractal analysis method and the conventional “box counting” method, along with measurements of non-fractal parameters including cerebellar weight, area and perimeter of the vermis cross-section, perimeter-to-area ratio, and circularity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Considering the cerebellar white matter as a tree-like fractal, it was found to have 7 or 8 primary branches, which subdivide into 10-18 second-iteration branches, 19–38 third-iteration branches, and 34–53 fourth-iteration branches. Females more often had 8 primary branches compared to males, while males had a greater number of branches in the second to fourth iterations. The mean fractal (Hausdorff) dimension was 1.697 (1.721 in males, 1.674 in females, P = 0.01). The fractal dimension correlated most strongly with the perimeter and area of the vermis cross-section and had no significant relationship with age.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The fractal (Hausdorff) dimension, determined using the novel “contour scaling” method, quantitatively assesses the degree of branching of the cerebellar white matter. An increase in the absolute size of the cerebellum leads to a higher degree of branching of its white matter and an increase in the number of its constitutive components – white matter branches and folia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000761/pdfft?md5=0a1bda12743f863f6ae2cdea973a54d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000761-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective denoising and sharpening effects on postmortem computed tomography images of formalin-fixed human cadavers for human anatomy education and research","authors":"Tomokazu Kawashima,&nbsp;Norihiro Sudou,&nbsp;Makoto Sakai,&nbsp;Fumi Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The value of formalin-fixed postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) has significantly increased in human anatomy education and research. However, improving embalmed PMCT images with high noise, low contrast, and multiple artifacts is an important challenge in enhancing the quality of clinical images. Retrospective denoising methods for embalmed PMCT data are essential for anatomical education and research when new-generation CT scanners with denoising functions are unavailable.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The three currently available standalone software denoising methods, including image summation methods (Fused CT), noise-reduction system methods (iNoir), and iterative reconstruction (IR, SafeCT), were used to analyze the retrospective noise-reduction effect on 13 human formalin-fixed PMCT datasets.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fused CT had some advantages; however, it was not useful for embalmed cadavers because of high noise, which doubled with the addition. iNoir and SafeCT improved the visual image quality of the noisy cadaver images. Statistical examination showed a 22–67 % and 18–56 % improvement in noise reduction in the non-artifact and metal artifact parts, respectively, depending on the methods and denoising intensities. However, this improvement was not statistically or morphologically significant in the presence of strong metal artifacts. In contrast, the scattered metal and streak artifacts peculiar to cadaveric images showed effective morphological and statistical improvement.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Retrospective denoising of embalmed PMCT images showed significant morphological and statistical improvements in noise reduction and is feasible for current anatomy education and research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000748/pdfft?md5=abf9664bee5cf246b6e08b455b2e3247&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000748-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}