Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Microanatomy of the enteric neurons and glia; expression patterns of the PGP9.5, S100b proteins, RET and SOX10 genes in the human fetal gut wall","authors":"Chacchu Bhattarai ,&nbsp;Phanindra Prasad Poudel ,&nbsp;Arnab Ghosh ,&nbsp;Saman Man Pradhan ,&nbsp;Nirmal Panthi ,&nbsp;Dela Singh Joshi ,&nbsp;Shanti Khadka ,&nbsp;Sandhya Kumari ,&nbsp;Guruprasad Kalthur ,&nbsp;Vani Lakshmi R ,&nbsp;Sujan Gautam ,&nbsp;Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Enteric nervous system comprises enteric neurons and glia, derived from neural crest cells, and regulates the gastrointestinal function. Previous animal studies have highlighted the essential roles of <em>RET</em> and <em>SOX10</em> genes, along with PGP9.5 and S100b proteins, in the development of neurons and glia. This study investigates the expression of these genes and proteins in the human fetal gut wall.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Tissue samples of the human fetal gut wall were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin, Beilschowsky silver, and Masson's trichrome to examine the histomorphology of neurons and glia. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to analyse the expression of PGP9.5, S100b proteins, <em>RET</em> and <em>SOX10</em> genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Human fetal stomach and small intestine showed diverse neuronal and ganglionic morphologies. Neuronal migration occurred from the serosa through the muscle layers to the submucosa throughout all trimesters. As fetal age advanced, the number of neurons and glia decreased in the serosa and increased in the muscle layers and submucosa. PGP9.5 showed strong expression in the serosa and moderate expression in the deeper layers of the colon during the first trimester. Its expression diminished in the serosa and intensified in the inner layers with advancing gestation. S100b followed a similar pattern but was absent in epithelium. Expression of <em>RET</em> and <em>SOX10</em> genes increased during the second and third trimesters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The expression patterns of <em>RET</em> and <em>SOX10</em> genes, and PGP9.5 and S100b proteins support their roles in the development of enteric neurons and glia in the human fetal gut wall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of circulus arteriosus cerebri variations in a South African cadaveric sample","authors":"Jessica Garlick,&nbsp;Graham Louw,&nbsp;Kentse Mpolokeng","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The <em>circulus arteriosus cerebri</em> (CAC), or Circle of Willis, exhibits significant anatomical variability, with fewer than 50 % of cases displaying the conventional configuration. CAC variations are associated with intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and subsequent haemorrhagic stroke. Due to limited data on CAC variations in South Africa, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and types of arterial variations in a South African cadaveric sample and to document associated IAs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective, cross-sectional and quantitative study had a sample size of 64. The CAC was dissected, removed from the base of the brain, photographed, and analysed morphologically. Variations were classified using the Ayre et al. (2021) system and recorded individually.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The intact samples (n = 40) were classified according to Ayre et al. (2021) and 22.5 % of the sample displayed the conventional configuration. The predominant pattern of variation was group 5 (miscellaneous patterns), and variations were commonly observed in both the anterior and posterior circulations (55 %). Individual variations were observed (n = 64 brains; 81 variations). The leading variations were unilateral posterior communicating artery (PcoA) hypoplasia (17.3 %) and aplasia (14.8 %). The anterior communicating artery (AcoA) was the most variable artery (44.4 %), with short fusion of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) being the most common variation (13.6 %) affecting the AcoA. Rare findings include type 4 and 5 PcoA terminations (double P2), not previously reported in South Africa. IA frequency was insufficient for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These variations may increase stroke and IA risk. Knowledge of CAC variations can support neurosurgical planning and execution. Further studies in a South African setting are recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant origin of left vertebral artery: A molecular embryological perspective","authors":"Connor Lee McCoy ,&nbsp;John Joseph Cichewicz ,&nbsp;Rainevan Miller ,&nbsp;Soumya Sharma ,&nbsp;Adel Maklad ,&nbsp;Eistine Boateng","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Variation in the origin and course of the left vertebral artery have surgical and clinical implications in the management of medical conditions. Here, we show variant origin of the left vertebral artery in cadavers and propose potential causes for future molecular investigations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The aortic arches of 32 donors were dissected and observed for anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery in the cadaver laboratory at the University of Toledo, Ohio, USA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 32 donors dissected during laboratory sessions, we observed two cases of the left vertebral artery originating directly from the aortic arch, medial to the left subclavian artery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study aims to stimulate discussions and future investigations into the molecular embryology of vasculogenesis concomitant with preconceptional and <em>in utero</em> exposures to understand the underlying causes of aberrant origin of the left vertebral artery. Additionally, we speculate that parental and embryonic environmental exposures influence the epigenetic landscape in germ cells and early embryos, thereby contributing to the programming of variant origin of blood vessels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cadaveric investigation of the radial artery origin and its anatomical variations","authors":"Aleisha J. Singh ,&nbsp;Rohen Harrichandparsad ,&nbsp;Lelika Lazarus","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>According to standard anatomical description, the radial artery typically originates as one of two terminal branches of the brachial artery within the cubital fossa. Despite the common embryological process of the upper limb arteries, there are anatomical variations in the origin of the radial artery such as the radial artery originating from the axillary artery or from the brachial artery in the arm. The present study aimed to investigate the origin of the radial artery within a select adult cadaveric South African sample.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of thirty adult cadaveric specimens (n = 60 upper limbs) were dissected at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (BREC/00006978/2024).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The radial artery originated from the brachial artery in the cubital fossa as per standard anatomical description in 90 % of the upper limb specimens. In 10 % of the sample, the aberrant radial artery originated from the axillary artery (four unilaterally, and one bilaterally in an 80-year-old male cadaver). The aberrant radial arteries originated an average 172 ± 20.81 mm above the inter-epicondylar line of the humerus, with external and internal diameters of 5.45 ± 1.71 mm, and 3.10 ± 0.70 mm respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reports an incidence of 10 % of the sample in which the radial artery originated from the axillary artery. Knowledge of the variations in the origin of the radial artery within this select South African population may assist the clinician during coronary and neuro-interventional procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex determination and stature estimation using logistic and linear regression models: A population-specific study of tibia and Fibula in Northeastern Thais","authors":"Suthat Duangchit ,&nbsp;Chanasorn Poodendaen ,&nbsp;Phetcharat Phetnui ,&nbsp;Pornpimol Tasu ,&nbsp;Worrawit Boonthai ,&nbsp;Nareelak Tangsrisakda ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sex determination and stature estimation from skeletal remains are basic components of forensic anthropological analysis, particularly when fragmentary remains limit conventional approaches. This study aimed to establish the population-specific standards for Northeastern Thais using tibial and fibular measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study examined 200 identified adult skeletons (100 males, 100 females). The nine osteometric parameters (six tibial and three fibular) were measured bilaterally. All specimens were systematically documented for age, sex, and stature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For sex determination, the results showed that univariate logistic regression models achieved the accuracy rates up to 87.50 %, with maximum proximal epiphyseal breadth of the tibia demonstrating highest discriminatory power. Multivariate approaches could significantly enhance the accuracy to 91.30 % for left tibial parameters, with age-related variation revealing optimal results in the 45–59 age group. Fibular measurements showed lower accuracy but still maintained statistical significance, particularly for fibular weight. For stature estimation, the maximum tibial length served as the most reliable univariate predictor (SEE = 6.66 cm, R = 0.572), while multivariate equations incorporating complementary parameters from both tibia and fibula improved the accuracy. Age-stratified analysis demonstrated diminished accuracy in older cohorts, especially for fibular measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings align with the previous studies while reflecting distinct patterns unique to Northeastern Thai populations with their specific genetic ancestry. These population-specific equations can enhance the biological profiling capabilities in forensic investigations when the conventional methods are inapplicable due to fragmentary remains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early white matter microstructural alterations in cerebral small vessel disease: A tract-specific diffusion tensor imaging and cardio-cerebrovascular risk perspective","authors":"Zaw Myo Hein ,&nbsp;Muhammad Danial Che Ramli ,&nbsp;Usman Jaffer ,&nbsp;Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Silent cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), marked by white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), are commonly detected incidentally on neuroimaging. Emerging evidence links early brain microstructural changes to modifiable cardio-cerebrovascular risks, even without neurological symptoms. This study aimed to explore the relationship between cardio-cerebrovascular risk, white matter tract integrity, and cognitive performance in asymptomatic adults, using QRISK3 profiling, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and neurocognitive evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty neurologically asymptomatic adults (mean age: 39.8 ± 11.5 years) with low to moderate QRISK3 scores underwent standardized neurocognitive assessment 3T brain MRI, including DTI sequences. Lesion-guided region-of-interest (ROI) tractography was used to assess six bilateral white matter tracts commonly affected in CSVD: the anterior and superior corona radiata and the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>WMHs were identified in 20 individuals (33.3 %). Their presence was significantly associated with aging, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, and QRISK3 score (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). While no significant cognitive impairment was observed, processing speed was negatively correlated with age and QRISK3. Although DTI metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) did not significantly differ across groups, tract-specific analysis revealed that higher QRISK3 scores were significantly associated with reduced white matter integrity in the left SLF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight the presence of early, subclinical white matter alterations in individuals at cardio-cerebrovascular risk, even in the absence of neurological symptoms. The integration of tract-specific DTI analysis with vascular risk profiling may provide a sensitive approach for detecting preclinical CSVD and guiding early intervention strategies in at-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The morphology, clinical significance and imaging methods of the atrial septal pouch: A critical review” [Transl. Res. Anat. 13 (2018) 7–11]","authors":"Małgorzata Mazur,&nbsp;Katarzyna A. Jasinska,&nbsp;Jerzy A. Walocha","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Unraveling the mysteries of the oblique retinacular ligament: A review of its anatomy and biomechanical characteristics” [Transl. Res. Anat. 35C (2024)/100301]","authors":"Mattia Bulli ,&nbsp;Paolo Boccolari ,&nbsp;Danilo Donati ,&nbsp;Roberto Tedeschi","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical implants in animal models for male and female infertility: A translational approach","authors":"S. Bharath ,&nbsp;A.S. Vickram ,&nbsp;B. Bhavani Sowndharya ,&nbsp;C. Prasanth ,&nbsp;D. Jenila Rani ,&nbsp;G. Gulothungan ,&nbsp;Hitesh Chopra ,&nbsp;Tabarak Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infertility remains a significant challenge in reproductive medicine, affecting both men and women. Recent advances in animal-based simulations of implant surgery have provided translational platforms for developing innovative reproductive therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To review the role and progress of animal-based surgical implant models in enhancing gametogenesis, hormone production, and reproductive organ integrity, and to discuss their translational potential for treating infertility in men and women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this review, animal model studies simulating implant surgeries for reproductive organs were analyzed to assess their potential in treating infertility. The investigation included a comprehensive review of advancements in microsurgical techniques, biological implants, and robotic-assisted procedures that enhance the precision and effectiveness of implant placement. Ethical guidelines governing preclinical development were also considered to ensure the suitability and safety of these approaches for future human application. Additionally, histopathological and genetic evaluations were examined as critical tools for optimizing implant design and function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicate that a broad spectrum of implants has been developed, ranging from autologous testicular and ovarian tissue grafts to artificial reproductive tissue scaffolds. In male infertility, testicular implants and prostheses designed for vasectomy reversal have demonstrated efficacy in restoring sperm production and addressing azoospermia. For female infertility, ovarian implants have been shown to support follicular growth, while fallopian tube and uterine prostheses facilitate embryo transfer and implantation. Technological advancements, including microsurgical and robotic assistance, have significantly improved the accuracy and success rates of these interventions. Preclinical studies have emphasized strict adherence to ethical standards and have utilized histopathological and genetic analyses to guide the refinement and optimization of these implants for clinical use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Surgical implants, when combined with assisted reproductive technologies, offer promising avenues for restoring fertility. However, clinical translation faces challenges related to biological compatibility and long-term function. Future research will focus on bioengineered constructs that integrate stem cells and smart biomaterials to further enhance therapeutic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of using CBCT scans to derive the parameters of the facial canal","authors":"Shavana Govender ,&nbsp;Tania Hanekom ,&nbsp;René Human-Baron","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Studies have analysed the facial canal (FC) parameters using dissection or imaging technologies. To date, no studies have analysed the differences between these methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of deriving the parameters from the FC on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans by comparing it to FC morphometric analyses of dissected heads.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten embalmed heads (n = 20) were CBCT scanned and analysed using ImageJ. Next, each FC segment was dissected. Measurements for both methods included the proximal and distal diameters and lengths for each segment, and angles of the first and second genua.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The paired <em>t</em>-test indicated significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) between the CBCT and dissected measurements for most FC segments measured. The respective dissection measurements were consistently higher than the CBCT measurements. However, the Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the two modalities in measuring FC segments. Interobserver error values were 0.963 and 0.950 for the CBCT and dissection groups, respectively, indicating a high repeatability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the current study showed differences between the parameters of the FC derived from CBCT scans and dissected measurements, CBCT scans remain a valuable tool for non-invasive assessments. However, the differences have implications for modelling in that CBCT measurements underestimate the true size for the various segments of the FC. It is worth noting that a potential difference in segment sizes may exist between populations but will have no effect on using CBCT scans as a pre-operative assessment of the FC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}