Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic high resolution US as primary tool in comparison to MRI in evaluation of TMJ disk anterior displacement","authors":"Ahmed Y. Ashour ,&nbsp;Abdalwhab M.A. Zwiri ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Ali ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Mostafa ,&nbsp;Bahaa-Eldin A. Moustafa ,&nbsp;Husseini F. EL boraey ,&nbsp;Alshimaa Y. Ashour ,&nbsp;Elsayed M. Abd El-Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many adults are affected by temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Several imaging modalities as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and traditional radiography were used to diagnose TMD. Among these modalities, dynamic high-resolution ultrasound (US) emerges as a potential non-invasive, radiation-free method.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the efficacy of US versus MRI in the assessment of TMJ displacement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included forty patients with a clinical diagnosis of anterior disk displacement (ADD). The TMJ was imaged bilaterally using a 1.5 T MRI using a 2-mm slice width, in the sagittal and coronal planes 1–7 days after performing US. The diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound was evaluated for disc displacement in contrast to MRI. For US the following metrics: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were used to compare the measurements versus MRI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients were 14 male and 26 female patients (mean age 29.36 ± 7.09 years) with a duration of ADD of 3.2 ± 1.7 months. The most common clinical indications were TMJ stiffness and discomfort (85 %), followed by limited mouth opening (75 %), and TMJ sounds (crepitus/clicking) (80 %). Most patients had mild TMJ dysfunction (44.0 ± 16.42). The MRI was better in identifying TMJ abnormalities than the US. However, no significant differences were observed. Compared to MRI, US showed superior diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for TMJ disc displacements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>According to the study's findings, US can be suggested as a very precise imaging method for identifying internal TMJ abnormalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stature estimation and sex determination from contemporary Northeastern Thai clavicles using discriminant function and linear regression analyses","authors":"Chanasorn Poodendaen ,&nbsp;Poonikha Namwongsakool ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard ,&nbsp;Nareelak Tangsrisakda ,&nbsp;Rarinthron Samrid ,&nbsp;Chadaporn Chaimontri ,&nbsp;Worrawit Boonthai ,&nbsp;Suthat Duangchit","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reliable methods for stature estimation and sex determination are still needed for anthropologists to identify other skeletal remains for applying in forensic cases when the skull or pelvis disappears or is severely damaged. The clavicle is known to have high sexual dimorphism because of its anatomical features including size and shape. High variability of clavicle has significant forensic application in many populations except the modern Northeastern Thais. This study aimed to develop the discriminant function analysis to estimate stature and sex dimorphism from dry clavicles in exploring a potential method for Thai forensic anthropology.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and method</h3><div>Four hundred dry clavicles (200 males, 200 females) identified for sex and height before body donation were measured for six standardized parameters including maximum length of clavicle (MaxL), anterior-posterior width at the acromion end surface (APA), anterior-posterior width at the sternal end surface (APS), superior-inferior width at the acromion end surface (SIA), superior-inferior width at the sternal end surface (SIS), and circumference at the mid-shaft of clavicle (CirMid), respectively. The discriminant function and regression analyses were used for sex determination and stature estimation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All parameters showed significant difference of sexual dimorphism with greater in male dimensions compared to those of females (p &lt; 0.01). For sex determination using univariate analysis, the most accuracy rate was of MaxL (83.5 %). In stepwise discriminant function analysis, the four parameters of MaxL, APS, SIS, and CirMid on the right side could enhance the accuracy rate up to 88.5 %. The highest correlation of stature estimation was observed in the combined-sex analysis (r = 0.73, R² = 0.54, SEE = 5.78 cm) by using only right MaxL and CirMid parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Multi-variable discriminant functions provide more reliability in sex determination while the combined-sex equations is the most effective method to estimate stature for contemporary Northeastern Thais. This novel method can be used to apply in the forensic anthropological analysis for Thai clavicle remain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of lung fissure completeness and sex-based differences in lung anatomy using cadaveric lungs","authors":"Nicholas R. Stange,&nbsp;Shivika Ahuja,&nbsp;Daniel T. Daly,&nbsp;Yun Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gross anatomy of human lungs is relatively consistent; however, previous studies have noted variations in the degree of fissure completeness as well as sex-based differences in lung size and shape. In this study, 90 cadaveric lungs obtained through the Gift Body Program of Saint Louis University School of Medicine were used to describe the linear dimensions and fissure completeness of fixed cadaveric lungs, provide a detailed and reproducible method of measuring dimensions of lungs, and describe sex-related differences in lung dimensions. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge of lung anatomy from studies conducted via CT imaging, thoracic dimension analysis, pulmonary function testing, and other cadaveric studies. For dimensional analysis and fissure completeness, the right horizontal fissure exhibited the most variations in the fissures of the lung. For sex-based differences, female left lungs had a similar height, a narrower base, and a more oblique angle when compared to male lungs. No significant differences in oblique angle, horizontal angle or width to height ratios were observed. This is the first cadaveric study to demonstrate sex-based differences in human lungs and supports the reliability of using cadaveric specimens to study the clinical implications of anatomical variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laterally positioned external carotid arteries: Two cadaveric case reports","authors":"Kara Coffman-Rea ,&nbsp;Skylar Arwood ,&nbsp;Karen E. Samonds ,&nbsp;Dylan J. Fuchs ,&nbsp;Julia P. Negrin","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anatomical variations in the carotid vasculature are clinically significant due to their implications for various surgical procedures and their potential to produce a range of symptoms. This case report highlights two notable variations observed during routine cadaveric dissections. In both cases, the external carotid artery was positioned laterally. Both cases presented the superior thyroid artery and superior laryngeal artery branching at the level of the carotid bifurcation; one case showed both arteries originating directly from the bifurcation, while the other case exhibited the typical branching pattern where the superior laryngeal artery branches from the superior thyroid artery. One case also included a high carotid bifurcation above the typical location at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical implications of the hepatomesenteric trunk–case report and literature review","authors":"Mark Shacker ,&nbsp;Artur Rybachok ,&nbsp;Benjamin R. Paul ,&nbsp;Manuel Cevallos","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Variants of the abdominal vasculature profoundly impact the fields of interventional radiology and surgery. The “hepatomesenteric trunk” is a unique abdominal variant wherein the common hepatic artery arises directly from the superior mesenteric artery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A narrative literature review was conducted to thoroughly characterize the hepatomesenteric trunk, including its reported prevalence, embryological origin, and implications in clinical practice. A detailed description of this variant found in a donor was also presented.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of the hepatomesenteric trunk ranges from 1.0 to 4.5 % in ten comprehensive studies. In as many as 90 % of cases, the hepatomesenteric trunk may be accompanied by a “gastrosplenic trunk,” wherein the left gastric and splenic arteries share a common origin.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This variant uniquely impacts foregut and midgut perfusion, and knowledge of this and other splanchnic arterial variants is essential for procedures such as pancreaticoduodenectomy, arterial reconstruction, mesenteric revascularization, and transarterial chemoembolization. A detailed preoperative workup, meticulously planned surgical approach, and comprehensive knowledge of such variants are essential to mitigate the risk of vascular injury in abdominal procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The discovery of high endothelial venules. A historical note","authors":"Domenico Ribatti","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Endothelial cells are a heterogeneous population. There are differences between the different species' endothelium, large and small vessels, and between endothelial cells derived from various microvascular endothelial beds. In this context, endothelial cells of high endothelial venules (HEVs) represent an extremely interesting and not-yet completely investigated cell population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search in PubMed on the history of HEVs was conducted. The keywords used in the search criteria were “High endothelial venules,” “Immunity,” “B lymphocytes,” “T lymphocytes,” and “Lymph nodes.” The results were summarized in a short narrative historical review based on published papers on the role of HEVs in immunity, inflammation, and cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HEVs are morphologically characterized by a plump, almost cuboidal appearance, a rounded nucleus, a thicker basement membrane, and a layer of mesenchymal cells outside the basement membrane. HEVs are specialized blood vessels mediating lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs. HEVs expand during inflammation in immune-stimulated lymph nodes and are profoundly remodeled in metastatic and tumor-draining lymph nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This article emphasizes the important role of HEVs in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. However, although many aspects of HEVs are still to be discovered, their therapeutic modulation already offers interesting results, especially for cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Median nerve piercing the humeral head of pronator teres muscle: An anatomical case report of atypical median nerve formation and course","authors":"Y. Lakshmisha Rao ,&nbsp;Archi Raj ,&nbsp;Mangala M. Pai ,&nbsp;Mamatha Tonse ,&nbsp;Jasmeen Kaur ,&nbsp;J.M. Likitha ,&nbsp;B.V. Murlimanju","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The objective of this study is to report the variant formation and course of the median nerve, which was observed in the right arm of a male cadaver.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During the routine dissection procedure, it was observed that the median nerve was formed by the blending of three roots, which included one medial and two lateral roots.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It is also further observed that the median nerve pierced the humeral head of pronator teres just above the medial epicondyle and it passed through the cubital fossa more medially and deeper, making it invisible.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Entrapment of median nerve by the pronator teres is among the causes of the proximal median nerve entrapment syndrome. In this context, this interesting and rare variation of pronator teres muscle being pierced by the median nerve will be of interest to the orthopedic specialists, neurosurgeons and hand surgeons. The present study also observed variant formation of the median nerve by triple roots, which is important both for the surgical and anesthesiologic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and stature estimations from dry femurs of Northeastern Thais: Using a logistic and linear regression approach","authors":"Worrawit Boonthai ,&nbsp;Chanasorn Poodendaen ,&nbsp;Juthamas Kamwong ,&nbsp;Piyanan Sangchang ,&nbsp;Suthat Duangchit ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sex determination and stature estimation from skeletal remains are still crucial components in creating biological profiles in forensic anthropology. The femur is particularly valuable due to its high sexual dimorphism and correlation with stature. This study aimed to develop sex estimation models and stature reconstruction equations using femoral measurements in a Northeastern Thai population.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and method</h3><div>The 400 dry femora were measured for its six parameters including femur maximum length (FL), femoral shaft length (FSL), femur epicondylar breadth (FEB), femur maximum head diameter (FHD), femur midshaft circumference (FMC) and femur weight (FW). Then all parameters were analyzed by using logistic regression for sex estimation and linear regression for stature reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed significant sexual dimorphism across all measured parameters, with FHD being the best predictor of sex (correction rate, 88.5 %). The optimized multivariate model achieved the highest accuracy (91.0 %). For stature estimation, sex-specific equations demonstrated superior accuracy compared to combined-sex models. The FL and FSL showed the strongest correlations with stature.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated the importance of population-specific standards in forensic anthropology of the femur's reliability as a valuable tool for both sex determination and stature estimation. These results contribute significantly to forensic practice in Thailand, enhancing the accuracy of biological profile reconstruction in medicolegal investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations of the ulnar nerve within the ulnar tunnel and palm in a select South African population","authors":"Lutho Daza,&nbsp;Julia Fernandes,&nbsp;Geney Gunston,&nbsp;Jeshika Luckrajh-Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ulnar tunnel syndrome (UTS) is a rare peripheral neuropathy associated with the entrapment of the distal portion of the ulnar nerve (UN) in its course through the fibro-osseous ulnar tunnel (eponymously known as Guyon's canal) at the wrist. The UN within the ulnar tunnel is prone to injury or compression resulting in an UTS. Therefore, it is of clinical importance to know the anatomical variations in the branching pattern of the UN within the ulnar tunnel. UTS is characterised by sensory deficits and muscular weakness, impaired sensation of the volar fingertips, and weakness in grasping with intrinsic hand muscles. This study aimed to examine the anatomical variations of the UN in the palm of the hand within a select South African cadaveric population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The variations in the branching patterns of the UN were examined in 81 cadavers (n = 162) and described according to the classification system of Murata et al. (2004) [10]. Communicating branches were classified according to their description in previous literature. The length of the ulnar tunnel was measured from the level of the pisiform bone to the level of the hook of hamate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The branching pattern was found as Type 1 (52.9 %), Type 2 (34 %), Type 3 (2.7), Type 4 (6.5 %), Type 5 (3.9 %). Berrettini, Riche-Cannieu and Kaplan anastomoses were found in 51.6 %, 2 % and 3.3 % of specimens, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It is important for surgeons to be aware of these anatomical variations as they may lead to misdiagnosis and complications during surgical procedures during the treatment of UTS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the bone tissue: Instrumental methods for characterization and biomedical research application","authors":"Lokadolalu Chandrachar Prasanna ,&nbsp;Yashwanth Sing Bothra ,&nbsp;Kumar Megur Ramakrishna Bhat ,&nbsp;Vishwanath Managuli","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}