Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Anatomical characterization of oblique popliteal ligament and its clinical significance on knee joint stability","authors":"Mamatha Hosapatna ,&nbsp;Shreya Saha ,&nbsp;Muralimanju B V ,&nbsp;Soumyalatha Naveen ,&nbsp;Rohini Punja","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The oblique popliteal ligament (OPL) plays a crucial role in knee stability, yet its anatomical variations are not fully understood. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive morphometric and morphological analysis of the OPL in the South Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty cadaveric knee specimens were dissected and examined. The length and width of the OPL were measured using digital calipers. Morphological characteristics, including shape and attachment patterns, were observed and classified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean length of the OPL was 28.9 ± 3.7 mm, with a width of 17.5 ± 4.3 mm at the origin and 18.3 ± 4.4 mm at the midpoint. Three main types of OPL were identified: Type 1 (45 %) with an accessory upper band, Type 2 (30 %) with a broad medial attachment, and Type 4 (25 %) with a fan-like appearance. Five shape variations were observed: band shape (30 %), trident shape (25 %), complex shape (20 %), Z-shape (15 %), and Y-shape (10 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals significant variability in OPL morphology and dimensions. These findings have important implications for understanding knee biomechanics, improving surgical techniques, and enhancing the interpretation of imaging studies of the posterior knee.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical spine pneumatocysts in cone beam CT scan volumes: Looking beyond the Jaws","authors":"Nandita Shenoy,&nbsp;Aishwarya Nair,&nbsp;Junaid Ahmed,&nbsp;Nanditha Sujir","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumatocysts are benign lesions often detected by accident during full-FOV CBCT imaging. They appear as tiny, well-circumscribed, radiolucent lesions with a sclerotic rim. Dentists are likely to view this lesion on CBCT scans because of the growing use of this imaging modality in dentistry to assess maxillofacial structures. Identifying the pathognomonic characteristics of this benign, innocuous lesion is critical to prevent pointless studies and patient alarm.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pneumatocysts in the cervical spine and correlate it with age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Large field-of-view computed tomography (CBCT) volumes in the radiology archives (338 total scans) were screened for vertebral pneumatocysts. When observing pneumatocysts on the scan, the number of pneumatocysts and the vertebra in which they were present were noted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 338 patients, eight had pneumatocysts. We found no sex correlation but a definite correlation with age; the prevalence of pneumatocysts also increased as age increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pneumatocysts in the cervical spine are rare. In our eight cases, these intravertebral pneumatocysts were discovered as unintentional findings on CBCT scans performed for dentomaxillofacial diagnostic purposes. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated these lesions via CBCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and morphometric analysis of the inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen in black South Africans: A panoramic radiographic study","authors":"Ikeoluwa A. Oluwafemi ,&nbsp;Nicolene Jooste ,&nbsp;Pamela Pillay ,&nbsp;Sundika Ishwarkumar-Govender","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Variations in the route followed by the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) and the position of the mental foramen (MF) could impact the placement of the neurovascular bundle, a vital consideration during mandibular surgeries. This study was conducted to investigate the morphology and the morphometry of the IAC and the position of the MF as seen on panoramic radiographs in a South African population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 digital panoramic radiographs. The morphology, i.e., the anteroposterior course, the vertical and horizontal position, and the morphometric parameters of the IAC were obtained and analyzed. The mental foramen position was categorized and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elliptic arc canals were the most frequently observed (55.00 %) anteroposterior course (APC) of the IAC. The intermediate position was the most common vertical position (48.30 %) of the IAC. The commonest horizontal relation of the IAC was type 1 (45.50 %), with a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides of the mandible. Many of the MF (50.00 %) were located at Position 4, with a statistically significant difference between the ages of 15–19 and 40–50. The mean measurement of the IAC decreased from the first molar to the third molar, with statistically significant differences between sexes and across age groups. The average diameter of the IAC was about 3–4 mm and was relatively constant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>As seen in other populations, most Black South Africans had a favorable APC of the IAC for rehabilitative purposes. Considering the vertical position, most of the canals (51.7 %) were in the high-risk zone (high and low canals), and females had a higher frequency of high canals. Clinicians should expect to find the MF symmetrically in line with the root tip of the second premolars: however, the position of the MF moves posteriorly with advancing age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anterior tooth traits among a sample of the coastal population of South India and comparative review of prevalence among the Eurasian population","authors":"Parul Nagar ,&nbsp;Jefferson Prince ,&nbsp;Srikant N. ,&nbsp;B.V. Murlimanju ,&nbsp;Ritu Gupta ,&nbsp;Shravan Shetty ,&nbsp;Dharnappa Poojary","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The anterior tooth has various nonmetric traits, which vary between different populations. These traits serve as a valuable source of information for anthropologists and forensic odontologists, and some of these traits exhibit sexual dimorphism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dental casts of 163 patients in South Indian population, 69 males and 93 females, were scanned and digitized, and the anterior tooth traits of shoveling, double-shoveling, curvature, peg-lateral, and tuberculum dentale were observed and graded according to the scoring system by Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). Palatogingival groove was noted as present or absent.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of shoveling in the mandibular central incisor was 15.9 %–18.3 % and shoveling in the maxillary central incisor was 20 %–26.9 %. Shoveling was found in 24.7 %–28.6 % in the maxillary lateral incisor. The curvature of the maxillary central incisor was seen in 24.3 %–28 %. Tuberculum dentale was seen in 38.6 %–43 %. Double shoveling of the maxillary central incisor was seen in 7.1 %–7.5 %. Peg lateral was found in 8.6 % of males and 1.1 % of females, exhibiting significant gender differences. Palatogingival groove was present in 9.7 %–11.6 %. Sexual dimorphism in relation to shoveling pattern of lateral incisor and increased prevalence of palatogingival groove on the left side was noted.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Apart from shoveling, other anterior nonmetric traits have not been studied widely in different populations. These traits, which show variations, and their prevalence have been recorded in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-relationship between transverse and arcuate foramina of atlas vertebrae in a modern South African skeletal population sample","authors":"Glen J. Paton ,&nbsp;Keegan G. Reynolds ,&nbsp;Shahed Nalla","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This exploratory quantitative study examined the relationship between the transverse foramen (TF) and the anomalous arcuate foramen (AF) in the atlas vertebrae of a South African skeletal population comprising two cohorts, namely an AF-Present (AF-P) groups (n = 60) and an AF-Absent (AF-A) control group (n = 60).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study analyzed the size relationship between the AF, and ipsilateral and contralateral TF. Potential correlations between TF dimensions and AF presence were evaluated using metric and non-metric shape assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the AF-P cohort, the mean surface area of the left AF measured 31.46 mm², and the left TF measured 31.52 mm². The mean surface area size of the right AF was 30.96 mm², while the right TF measured 30.24 mm². The TF mean surface area in the AF-P group was larger than the AF-A group, with mean areas of 2.57 mm² and 1.78 mm² larger (left: 28.95 mm² and right: 28.46 mm², respectively). Males exhibited significantly larger TFs than females on the right side for anteroposterior, transverse and surface area measurements. The surface area of the right AF correlated strongly with the width and surface area of the left TF, and only the surface area of the right TF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The general trend was that when the right AF surface area increased, as did the dimensions of the TF bilaterally. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of the size-relationship of AF and TF size variations, which may affect vertebral artery dynamics with movements or cervical spine manipulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuron-Glial2 (NG2) cells: A promising target for neuroinflammation-related neurodegeneration","authors":"Zaw Myo Hein ,&nbsp;Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Danial Che Ramli ,&nbsp;Ibrahim El-Serafi ,&nbsp;Banthit Chetsawang","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuron-glial 2 (NG2) cells, or polydendrocytes, are dynamic glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. These cells interact with neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, modulating inflammatory responses, synaptic activity, and blood-brain barrier integrity. While NG2 cells have protective roles, their aberrant activation can contribute to scarring, inflammation, and neuronal degeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This narrative review synthesizes current literature on the molecular and functional properties of NG2 cells with a focus on their involvement in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Relevant studies were identified through searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as “NG2 cells,” “neuroinflammation,” and “neurodegenerative diseases.” Articles were selected based on relevance to NG2 cell biology, their interactions with other glial cells, and their therapeutic implications. Findings were categorized into key themes, including NG2 cell activation, inflammatory signaling, and potential therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NG2 cells are key players in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, serving both protective and pathological roles. Understanding their mechanisms of action can aid in identifying therapeutic strategies targeting NG2 cell activation, including anti-inflammatory agents, epigenetic modulators, natural compounds, and monoclonal antibodies. Future research should explore NG2 cell-targeted interventions to develop novel treatments for CNS disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical variations of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle: Implications of sex and laterality on morphology and morphometry","authors":"Ndumiso Siphelele Hlengwa ,&nbsp;Okikioluwa Stephen Aladeyelu ,&nbsp;Seke Nzau Mafuika ,&nbsp;Livashin Naidu ,&nbsp;Carmen Olivia Rennie","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>A detailed understanding of the anatomical dimensions of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is essential in the surgical treatment of ankle joint injuries and ligament rehabilitation. While previous studies have explored the general morphology and morphometry of the LCL, there remains a gap in understanding how these characteristics vary based on sex and laterality. This study aimed to investigate the morphological and morphometric variations of the LCL, focusing on differences between sexes and between right and left ankles.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Thirty-one ankles from sixteen human cadavers were dissected to investigate the LCL of the ankle. The LCL consists of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). Each ligament of the LCL was classified into three types according to the number of bands, i.e., Type I– single band, Type II– double bands (IIa-partially separated &amp; IIb-completely separated), and Type III– triple bands for morphological observation. The length, width, and thickness of these ligaments were measured using a calliper for morphometric analysis and compared among sex and laterality.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Type I was the most observed in all three ligaments (ATFL-61.3 %; CFL-87.1 %; PTFL-96.8 %). Significant sex differences were observed, with males having more Type I, while females had more Type II and III (p &lt; 0.05). PTFL was significantly longer (25.31 ± 3.87 mm) and wider (7.05 ± 2.07 mm) in females (p &lt; 0.05). CFL was significantly longer on the right (37.09 ± 4.57 mm; p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Morphological and morphometric variations significantly exist in the ligaments that make up the LCL in relation to sex and laterality. These identified variations could improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance surgical planning, and inform sex-specific rehabilitation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Klingler's brain dissection technique: Review of the original procedure and technical considerations","authors":"Andrzej Żytkowski ,&nbsp;Jakub Dębski ,&nbsp;Stanisław Orkisz","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Klingler's brain dissection technique, originally introduced by Ludwig Klingler in 1935, can be considered an useful research toll for investigating the structural organization of white matter tracts in the human brain. The method involves freezing formalin-fixed brain tissue, which facilitates the separation of fiber tracts, making it a crucial tool for both neuroanatomical education and research on brain connectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Given the practical relevance of this technique in both research and neurosurgical training, this review aims to recall the original Klingler's method, analyze key modifications introduced in recent years, and evaluate its significance in contemporary anatomical and neuroimaging research.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Klingler's fiber dissection technique remains a cornerstone of neuroanatomical research, particularly in combination with modern imaging techniques such as tractography. Its ability to reveal the three-dimensional architecture of white matter fibers has solidified its role in both anatomical education and neurosurgical planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5): Anatomical dimensions and clinical implications in South Indian population","authors":"Nandini Bhat ,&nbsp;Lakshmisha Rao ,&nbsp;Ashwija Shetty ,&nbsp;Souhardya Das ,&nbsp;Nom Bhukya Kumar Naik ,&nbsp;Vanishri Nayak ,&nbsp;Sushma Prabhath ,&nbsp;Kurian Alapatt ,&nbsp;Suhani Sumalatha","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The anatomical features of L5, including its size, shape, and articulation with the sacrum, make it a crucial structure in weight transfer and spinal stability. Understanding its morphometry is vital for diagnosing and treating pathologies associated with the lumbar spine. This study aims to provide normative data on the morphological and morphometric dimensions of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and discover its clinical implications, assisting in preoperative planning for clinicians, including radiologists and spine surgeons.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Anatomical measurements of fifty dry L5 vertebrae including dimensions of the transverse processes, articular facets, body of the vertebra, and intervertebral foramen, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations and differences in morphometric data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><strong>Body of the vertebra:</strong> The mean anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body were 3.35 ± 0.41 cm and 4.74 ± 1.39 cm (superior) and 3.33 ± 0.68 cm and 3.78 ± 1.72 cm (inferior), respectively. Significant differences were noted in the transverse diameter between the superior and inferior surfaces. <strong>Articular Facets:</strong> The superior articular facets were predominantly quadrilateral (46 %), followed by pyramidal (30 %). The inferior facets were most commonly circular (48 %). Significant differences were observed in the distance from the spinous process to the inferior articular facets. <strong>Intervertebral Foramen:</strong> The anteroposterior length of the intervertebral notch on the right and left sides was significantly variable. <strong>Transverse Processes:</strong> The mean distance between the tips of the right and left transverse processes was 7.92 ± 0.92 cm. Weak positive correlations were observed between the distance from the spinous process to the transverse processes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study provides comprehensive morphometric data on the fifth lumbar vertebra, emphasizing important anatomical dimensions that are vital for understanding spinal health and guiding clinical interventions. These findings will aid in the preoperative planning for spine surgeries and the management of lumbar spine disorders. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to validate and expand these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Cervical vertebral metrics’ A reliable approach to forensic identification: A comprehensive review","authors":"Shreya ,&nbsp;Lydia Shobha Andrade ,&nbsp;Rajagopal K V ,&nbsp;Vikram Palimar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nasir Ahmad ,&nbsp;Vinod C. Nayak ,&nbsp;Varun Kumar S G ,&nbsp;Bhukya Nom Kumar Naik","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sex and stature are the most critical factors to identify an unknown individual. In addition to the skull, pelvis, and other long bones, the vertebral column exhibits significant differences between males and females. It has been shown to have a statistically significant correlation with an individual's stature. Among the cervical vertebrae, the axis vertebra shows remarkable sexual dimorphism.</div></div><div><h3>Body of the study</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was done using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus between 1995 and 2023. The main inclusion criteria were studies on adult human cervical vertebral measurements from skeletal remains and Computed tomography images. Sixteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria from various populations estimating the sex and stature.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An extensive review of relevant studies has established that the axis exhibits the highest sexual dimorphism among the cervical vertebrae, followed by the atlas and the C7 vertebra. Regarding the determination of stature from the various cervical metrics, the axis vertebra significantly correlated with stature. This comprehensive study offers valuable insights into the different measurement methods utilizing cervical vertebrae for sex and stature estimation, thereby serving as a pertinent resource for subsequent anthropometric investigations about cervical vertebrae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}