Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the septum pellucidum: Short review of anatomical insights and the clinical impact of septum pellucidum and cavum septi pellucidi","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The septum pellucidum (SP) is a thin, triangular, and delicate structure in the brain. It consists of two layers of white and gray matter and topographically is located between the lateral ventricles. The SP is part of the limbic system, which involves emotions, behavior, and memory.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This concise review provides an overview of the anatomy, development, and clinical significance of the SP, with a specific focus on cavum septi pellucidi (CSP). It also discusses its implications for brain function and its potential link to neurological disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As an essential structure within the limbic system, the SP and its associated variations, like CSP, offer valuable insights into brain development and function, particularly concerning emotions, memory, and psychiatric disorders. Understanding the role of the septum pellucidum and its developmental anomalies may shed light on various neuropsychiatric conditions and help guide future research and clinical practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsurgical assessment of thymus vascular anatomy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The thymus is pivotal for immune system development by facilitating T-cell maturation. Current treatments for congenital athymia typically involve avascular transplantation of allogeneic thymic tissue. However, vascularizing an infant thymus for transplantation could offer improved outcomes, necessitating a detailed understanding of its vascular anatomy.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Between June and November 2022, we conducted a feasibility study at our tertiary care university hospital, examining seven thymus glands that were surgically removed and discarded during corrective surgeries for congenital heart disease in patients aged 16 days to 17 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Angiographic analysis revealed distinct vascular pathways in infant thymic lobes, with arteries averaging 0.5 mm and veins 0.8 mm in diameter, both showing adequate perfusion with Belzer solution.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings provide critical insights into the vascular anatomy of the infant thymus, underscoring its potential for microvascular revascularization and transplantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral convexity arachnoid cysts: A focused systematic review with defining characteristics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Arachnoid cysts are non-neoplastic accumulations of cerebrospinal fluid formed within partitioned layers of the arachnoid mater. They represent about 1% of all intracranial masses in humans. Most arachnoid cysts present in the middle cranial fossa, but few occur along the cerebral convexity. Gross imaging of cerebral convexity arachnoid cysts (CCACs) is extremely scarce. The purpose of this study is to conduct a focused systematic review of CCACs and report their defining clinical characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature review was conducted to compile and summarize primary sources of anatomical and clinical information about CCACs. A large CCAC was discovered and dissected in a human cadaver. The CCAC was photographed in situ, and its impacts on contiguous gyri and sulci were documented and presented as a representative example of a CCAC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CCAC formation is attributed to congenital (primary) or trauma-related (secondary) etiologies. While they are often asymptomatic, CCAC location and size can influence symptomology. The anticipated increase in intracranial pressure can elicit mild (e.g., headache) to severe (e.g., seizure, hydrocephalus) sequelae. The present study exhibits a remarkably large CCAC that developed within the left central sulcus, displacing the precentral and postcentral gyri. The central sulcus artery and vein were present and appeared unaffected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Management of CCACs can range from close observation with no intervention in asymptomatic cases to surgical intervention. Typical surgical options include microsurgical fenestration via craniotomy, neuroendoscopic fenestration, and various forms of shunting. The efficacy of one surgical approach over another remains highly debated. As CCACs are mostly diagnosed with CT and/or MRI, gross imaging of CCACs is extremely rare. This study provides clinical anatomists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons with visual insight and perspective into the physical and clinical characteristics of CCACs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial injuries in the autopsy material of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz with analysis of anatomical lesions caused by traumatic brain injuries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2022, 408 autopsies were performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Lodz Medical University, of which as many as 82 concerned deaths with intracranial injuries, which represents about 20 % of all performed autopsies.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The article presents a comparative analysis of deaths of people with intracranial injuries in terms of frequency, the structure of victims (gender, age, sobriety), type of injury (intracranial bleeding, bruises of nerve tissue, nerve tissue tears, posttraumatic brain oedema, etc.), causes and circumstances of death, place of death (house, hospital, street) survival time, type of tool/object used, and the obtained data were compared with publications from other departments of forensic medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The victims were definitely male. Regarding age, deaths mainly concerned people between 31 and 70. The most common cause of death was multi-organ injuries, craniocerebral, intracranial and the least other injuries. Regarding the circumstances of the deaths, most of the cases were accidents; the fewest were homicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The meaning of modern neuroanatomy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroanatomy, the study of the structure and organization of the nervous system, has developed gradually to become a cornerstone of neurological sciences. As understanding of the brain and its intricate networks continues to evolve, modern neuroanatomy integrates advanced technologies and multidisciplinary approaches to provide deeper insights into the complexities of the human brain.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This report aims to present the meaning of modern neuroanatomy, its tools, applications, and the future perspectives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The data gained from modern neuroanatomy have profound implications for understanding brain function, diagnosing and treating neurological disorders, and addressing ethical and societal challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric evaluation of suprascapular notch and superior angle of the scapula using three-dimensional computed tomography in the Indian population","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Among the various aspects of scapular anatomy, the suprascapular notch has gained attention as its anatomical variation is a predisposing factor for compression of the suprascapular nerve in this region, potentially impacting orthopedic surgery. This study aims to investigate the morphology of suprascapular notch (SSN) and its variation with age and sexual dimorphism. It also seeks to classify and correlate the superior angle of the scapula with the SSN in the Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of 360 computed tomography scans of scapulae of 180 adults was conducted. The morphology of SSN was classified according to Rengachary's classification (types I-VI), and the maximum depth (MD) and maximum width (MW) of SSN were measured. The superior angle of the scapula was classified based on morphological characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Type I SSN was the most prevalent, suggesting lower susceptibility to suprascapular nerve entrapment. Males had significantly greater MD than females. Identical types of SSN and superior angles on both sides of the scapula were statistically significant, though variations on each side were also observed. There was no significant difference in age. The superior angle of the scapula was classified into four types: Hilly, mountain peak, crescent, and chimney, with the hilly type being the most common. No correlation was found between SSN and the superior angle.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings may provide a comprehensive understanding necessary for accurate diagnoses of related abnormalities and for performing safe and effective endoscopic and open surgical procedures in the suprascapular region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the effectiveness of teaching neuroanatomy: A comparative study using stained and unstained brain sections to interpret cross sectional neuroanatomy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroanatomy is considered one of the most challenging parts of anatomy curriculum and the complexity in understanding neuroanatomy generates from the lack of a 3-dimensional view of the structures. Since everything appears grey and white and is difficult to differentiate the various structures in a cross section of brain, staining aids in the visual interpretation and retention. There are various staining methods employed such as Mulligan's method, Alston's method, Prussian blue reaction method, however the results obtained by Alston's method was the best as gathered from previous literature.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, formalin fixed brain slices measuring 10 mm thickness were stained using Alston's method. 250 medical students of the first professional year were demonstrated features such as the internal capsule, caudate nucleus, lentiform and thalamus in the stained and unstained transverse sections of cerebrum during their neuroanatomy practical sessions. Following which a feedback was collected regarding both the specimens using Microsoft Forms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a positive feedback from the students with 83 % of them preferring the stained over the unstained section. Excerpts from the open ended question where all in favour of the stained sections -“much easier to see and identify the parts in the stained section because of the clear distinction between white and grey matter”.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Macroscopic staining of sections of the brain using Alston's method could be implemented as a valuable method for effective teaching of neuroanatomy since students appreciated the structures better in the stained sections which enhanced their retention of neuroanatomy. Since Alston stain produces the least shrinkage, these stained sections could be utilized for research studies and such specimens could also be plastinated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical variations of the human mandible and prevalence of duplicated mental and mandibular foramina in the collection of the State University of Londrina","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The knowledge of the morphology of the human mandible is essential for diverse dental procedures. The potential anatomical variations of the bone, including the presence of accessory foramina, may culminate in significant clinical outcomes and implications, directly impacting dental surgery and anesthesia.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of study</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the general morphology of human mandibles in the collection of the State University of Londrina, South Brazil, and to determine the presence of anatomical variations.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A total of 63 mandibles were measured bilaterally with a pachymeter for various dimensions, and a proportional calculation of each parameter was obtained, based on the size of the length of each mandibular base. In addition to the general descriptive morphology of the mandibles, considering that six mandibles presented duplicated foramina, they were divided into two groups, and the mandibles with no anatomical variation (normal group, N = 57) were compared to those with duplicated foramina (N = 6). Data were checked for normal distribution and then tested statistically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six out of 63 mandibles (9.52 %) presented duplicated foramina, either mental or mandibular. Significant differences between the normal group and the duplicated foramina group were found in the lengths between mandibular angle and condylar process on both sides (right: 65.14 mm vs. 74.91 mm, p = 0.001; left: 65.04 mm vs. 72.34 mm, p = 0.019); between mandibular angle and coronoid process on the right side (59.55 mm vs. 67.67 mm, p = 0.007); and in the diameter of the left mandibular foramen (3.71 mm vs. 4.64 mm, p = 0.04), with the duplicated foramina group presenting a higher average for all parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings provide a morphological pattern for the Department of Anatomy of the State University of Londrina collection and highlight the presence of anatomical variations of the human mandible, specifically regarding duplicated foramina. The presence of accessory mental and mandibular foramina is clinically significant for dental procedures, potentially impacting the anesthesia. Understanding these variations is crucial for dental surgeons to prevent complications. Future research should further explore the functional implications and clinical significance of these variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000815/pdfft?md5=40958e15bb6b9f28fb51a89f014a5cfc&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000815-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhibition of the rare deep abductor-flexor of the fifth digit with concurrent hypothenar aberrations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Intrinsic coordination of the fifth digit of the hand is largely controlled by the abductor digiti minimi (ADM), flexor digiti minimi brevis (FDMB), and opponens digiti minimi (ODM) muscles (i.e., the hypothenar muscles). Hypothenar muscle variations have been reported; however, biomechanical analyses are seldom performed and descriptions of rare variants such as the deep abductor-flexor of the fifth digit (DAF5) are especially scarce. This study aims to investigate an especially unique case involving the rare DAF5 among additional hypothenar muscle aberrations with biomechanical analysis and discussion of clinical implications.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An especially unique case of multiple unilateral (left) hypothenar muscle aberrations was discovered during routine human cadaver dissection. The aberrations were cleaned of extraneous fascia and photographed <em>in situ</em>. Mass and fascicle length were measured and mean postmortem fixed sarcomere states were determined via light microscopy to calculate a normalized maximal isometric force (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em>) for each muscle.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The concurrent aberrations included two accessory ADM muscles, three accessory FDMB muscles, an accessory ODM muscle, and a bicipital DAF5. The curved long head of DAF5 (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 4.77 N) originated from the transverse carpal ligament (across midline), while the straight short head (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 1.23 N) originated from the pisiform. The two heads united to form a prominent 3 cm tendon which inserted on the medial aspect of the base of the fifth proximal phalanx. Notably, the long head separated the ulnar artery (superficial) from the ulnar nerve (deep).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The presence of consecutive hypothenar anomalies could influence fifth digit coordination for proper hand function, and the concomitant DAF5 could implicate the underlying median and ulnar nerves. Insights from this report may inform occupational and physical therapists, orthopedic surgeons, and medical anatomy educators when treating or deliberating related cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000803/pdfft?md5=9d2091e22104400806a835ca85f403c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000803-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipartition of the atlanto-occipital joint surfaces in a South African sample","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>One variation of the atlanto-occipital joint contains a groove or crest dividing the superior articulating facet of C1 and/or the corresponding occipital condyle. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of bipartition of the facets associated with the atlanto-occipital joint and to determine the relationships between the corresponding joint surfaces, bilateral and unilateral facets as well as demographic factors in a South African sample.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Data about shape and bipartition found on the superior articular facets of the atlas and the occipital condyles were collected from 109 skulls and atlases from the Pretoria Bone Collection, South Africa. Shape data was categorically classified according to existing criteria from literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results revealed the occasional occurrence of a double facet at both the superior articular facet of the atlas (15.6 %), and the occipital condyle (7.34 %). Shape and facet number of the superior articulating facet and corresponding occipital condyle were significantly correlated. The prevalence of bipartition of neither the superior articular facets nor the occipital condyles were statistically significantly different between the left and right sides. Sex and age did not statistically significantly contribute to prevalence of bipartition in this population. However, population group statistically significantly contributed to prevalence of bipartition (p = 0.019), with the White South African sample having a much higher prevalence (88.24 % superior articulating facet, 100 % occipital condyle) of bipartition compared to the Black South African sample (11.76 % superior articular facet, 0 % occipital condyle).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Awareness of this joint variation and instances where it is more likely to occur may be valuable for neuro-vascular and orthopaedic surgeons when doing invasive treatments around the craniocervical junction, and chiropractors when assessing and treating patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000797/pdfft?md5=a8caff5b6ead1c7e9a5311481adcd407&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000797-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}