Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"An analytical study of the greater palatine foramen in adult human skulls using anatomical planes for clinical considerations","authors":"Naveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Ravi Bhaskar ,&nbsp;Anjana Shidaraddi ,&nbsp;Melissa Glenda Lewis ,&nbsp;Swamy Ravindra Shanthakumar ,&nbsp;Ashwini P. Aithal","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The greater palatine nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve, enters the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen (GPF). Accurate localization of the GPF is essential while negotiating the greater palatine canal to block the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to elucidate the shape, orientation, and position of the greater palatine foramen in relation to the surgically encountered anatomical landmarks and maxillary molars in an adult Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was conducted on 80 human adult skulls of unknown gender. Both sides of the hard palate were assessed, and the number of GPF was recorded by direct visual inspection. Morphometric measurements were recorded with regard to the topographic relation of GPF with the neighbouring bony landmarks. The data were analysed using an independent sample <em>t</em>-test and Spearman rank correlation to check the relationships between the measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average distance from the incisive fossa to the posterior nasal spine was 40.68 mm. The distance between GPF and incisive fossa was 40.68 and 36.32 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distance between GPF and lesser palatine foramen was 2.99 and 2.81 mm on the right and left sides, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study provides additional metrical values that help locate the GPF accurately. The data presented here will also provide an index for future studies and help with various invasive procedures in the field of dentistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population","authors":"Phongpitak Putiwat ,&nbsp;Kaemisa Srisen ,&nbsp;Phetcharat Phetnui ,&nbsp;Juthamas Kamwong ,&nbsp;Suthat Duangchit ,&nbsp;Supatcharee Arun ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard ,&nbsp;Worrawit Boonthai ,&nbsp;Chanasorn Poodendaen","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential translational utility of embalmed cadaveric gastrointestinal tract specimens: a proof-of-concept study","authors":"Marcello Trucas ,&nbsp;Michela Vincis ,&nbsp;Claudio Intini ,&nbsp;Daniel Johnston ,&nbsp;Andrea Diana ,&nbsp;Denis Barry","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>in recent decades, fewer autopsies are performed, often replaced by radiological imaging, resulting in abundant imaging data but few complete anatomical examinations. While most surgical specimens are limited to the disease-affected region. Examining the entire gastrointestinal system of anatomical donors and histologically analysing them could enhance research and valorise donation programs, extending medical knowledge. One factor limiting the preservation of the digestive tract in cadavers is the post-mortem interval. Embalming is one of the most widely used methods to preserve donors, but the post-mortem interval affects the gastrointestinal tract in a stable and time-dependent manner, making its histological examination a challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>this proof-of-concept study assesses the histological potential of gastrointestinal tissues from embalmed bodies used for anatomical education. Digestive tissues from four donors (two embalmed after 12 h, two after 72 h postmortem) were histologically processed. A scoring system evaluated histological preservation by assessing seven parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>analysis showed high-quality preservation of embalmed tissues, including intestinal villi, the aorta, and liver sinusoids, highlighting both normal and pathological architecture, such as atherosclerosis, liver fibrosis, and lymphocyte infiltration. Features were identifiable with excellent histological detail in both the 12-h and 72-h post-mortem interval groups. Although this is a proof-of-concept study, only a slight difference was found between the two groups, with significant differences only in epithelium and vessel characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrated that donors’ digestive tissues could be suitable for detailed analyses and insights into chronic diseases and ageing, even in cadavers with a long post-mortem interval.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic analysis of a primo vessel within a lymphatic vessel in a Sprague-Dawley rat","authors":"Felix Scholkmann ,&nbsp;Yiming Shen ,&nbsp;Pan-Dong Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous studies have documented the existence of an additional vascular system in mammals: the primo vascular system (PVS), consisting of primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The PVS was investigated in five Sprague-Dawley rats. The dye Alcian blue was injected into the lymph node near the lumbar spine (lumbar lymph node) in one rat to stain the lymphatic tissue to determine whether the lymphatic vessels (LVs) contained PVs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A PV (diameter: ∼30–50 μm) inside a LV (diameter: ∼120–200 μm) was identified near the inferior vena cava. Microscopy images of this specimen are shown in this report and analysed. A reference is given to a detailed guide on how to find, extract and analyse the PVs within the LVs of rats.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The case report documents a PV inside an LV and shows that LVs can contain a secondary vessel that could be identified as a PV and part of the PVS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical characterization of oblique popliteal ligament and its clinical significance on knee joint stability","authors":"Mamatha Hosapatna ,&nbsp;Shreya Saha ,&nbsp;Muralimanju B V ,&nbsp;Soumyalatha Naveen ,&nbsp;Rohini Punja","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The oblique popliteal ligament (OPL) plays a crucial role in knee stability, yet its anatomical variations are not fully understood. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive morphometric and morphological analysis of the OPL in the South Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty cadaveric knee specimens were dissected and examined. The length and width of the OPL were measured using digital calipers. Morphological characteristics, including shape and attachment patterns, were observed and classified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean length of the OPL was 28.9 ± 3.7 mm, with a width of 17.5 ± 4.3 mm at the origin and 18.3 ± 4.4 mm at the midpoint. Three main types of OPL were identified: Type 1 (45 %) with an accessory upper band, Type 2 (30 %) with a broad medial attachment, and Type 4 (25 %) with a fan-like appearance. Five shape variations were observed: band shape (30 %), trident shape (25 %), complex shape (20 %), Z-shape (15 %), and Y-shape (10 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals significant variability in OPL morphology and dimensions. These findings have important implications for understanding knee biomechanics, improving surgical techniques, and enhancing the interpretation of imaging studies of the posterior knee.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techniques of skull opening and brain extraction: Contemporary approaches and technical considerations","authors":"Andrzej Żytkowski ,&nbsp;Jakub Dębski ,&nbsp;Stanisław Orkisz","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Skull dissection and brain removal for dissection remain key steps in neuroanatomical procedures, both in anatomical education and scientific research. A technically correct skull opening and dissection determines the ability to explore the structures of the central nervous system further. It allows for preserving skull base topography for educational or scientific purposes.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This article compares selected skull opening techniques applied in anatomical and neuroanatomical practice. The paper also highlights technical modifications and offers technical suggestions for skull dissection in teaching and research.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Classical skull opening techniques, such as calvarial cap removal and median bisection, remain fundamental in anatomical dissection. Their modifications allow for enhanced visualization of intracranial structures and better preservation of cranial nerves. These approaches support both educational and technical goals in neuroanatomical training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical spine pneumatocysts in cone beam CT scan volumes: Looking beyond the Jaws","authors":"Nandita Shenoy,&nbsp;Aishwarya Nair,&nbsp;Junaid Ahmed,&nbsp;Nanditha Sujir","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumatocysts are benign lesions often detected by accident during full-FOV CBCT imaging. They appear as tiny, well-circumscribed, radiolucent lesions with a sclerotic rim. Dentists are likely to view this lesion on CBCT scans because of the growing use of this imaging modality in dentistry to assess maxillofacial structures. Identifying the pathognomonic characteristics of this benign, innocuous lesion is critical to prevent pointless studies and patient alarm.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pneumatocysts in the cervical spine and correlate it with age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Large field-of-view computed tomography (CBCT) volumes in the radiology archives (338 total scans) were screened for vertebral pneumatocysts. When observing pneumatocysts on the scan, the number of pneumatocysts and the vertebra in which they were present were noted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 338 patients, eight had pneumatocysts. We found no sex correlation but a definite correlation with age; the prevalence of pneumatocysts also increased as age increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pneumatocysts in the cervical spine are rare. In our eight cases, these intravertebral pneumatocysts were discovered as unintentional findings on CBCT scans performed for dentomaxillofacial diagnostic purposes. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated these lesions via CBCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and morphometric analysis of the inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen in black South Africans: A panoramic radiographic study","authors":"Ikeoluwa A. Oluwafemi ,&nbsp;Nicolene Jooste ,&nbsp;Pamela Pillay ,&nbsp;Sundika Ishwarkumar-Govender","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Variations in the route followed by the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) and the position of the mental foramen (MF) could impact the placement of the neurovascular bundle, a vital consideration during mandibular surgeries. This study was conducted to investigate the morphology and the morphometry of the IAC and the position of the MF as seen on panoramic radiographs in a South African population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 digital panoramic radiographs. The morphology, i.e., the anteroposterior course, the vertical and horizontal position, and the morphometric parameters of the IAC were obtained and analyzed. The mental foramen position was categorized and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elliptic arc canals were the most frequently observed (55.00 %) anteroposterior course (APC) of the IAC. The intermediate position was the most common vertical position (48.30 %) of the IAC. The commonest horizontal relation of the IAC was type 1 (45.50 %), with a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides of the mandible. Many of the MF (50.00 %) were located at Position 4, with a statistically significant difference between the ages of 15–19 and 40–50. The mean measurement of the IAC decreased from the first molar to the third molar, with statistically significant differences between sexes and across age groups. The average diameter of the IAC was about 3–4 mm and was relatively constant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>As seen in other populations, most Black South Africans had a favorable APC of the IAC for rehabilitative purposes. Considering the vertical position, most of the canals (51.7 %) were in the high-risk zone (high and low canals), and females had a higher frequency of high canals. Clinicians should expect to find the MF symmetrically in line with the root tip of the second premolars: however, the position of the MF moves posteriorly with advancing age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anterior tooth traits among a sample of the coastal population of South India and comparative review of prevalence among the Eurasian population","authors":"Parul Nagar ,&nbsp;Jefferson Prince ,&nbsp;Srikant N. ,&nbsp;B.V. Murlimanju ,&nbsp;Ritu Gupta ,&nbsp;Shravan Shetty ,&nbsp;Dharnappa Poojary","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The anterior tooth has various nonmetric traits, which vary between different populations. These traits serve as a valuable source of information for anthropologists and forensic odontologists, and some of these traits exhibit sexual dimorphism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dental casts of 163 patients in South Indian population, 69 males and 93 females, were scanned and digitized, and the anterior tooth traits of shoveling, double-shoveling, curvature, peg-lateral, and tuberculum dentale were observed and graded according to the scoring system by Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). Palatogingival groove was noted as present or absent.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of shoveling in the mandibular central incisor was 15.9 %–18.3 % and shoveling in the maxillary central incisor was 20 %–26.9 %. Shoveling was found in 24.7 %–28.6 % in the maxillary lateral incisor. The curvature of the maxillary central incisor was seen in 24.3 %–28 %. Tuberculum dentale was seen in 38.6 %–43 %. Double shoveling of the maxillary central incisor was seen in 7.1 %–7.5 %. Peg lateral was found in 8.6 % of males and 1.1 % of females, exhibiting significant gender differences. Palatogingival groove was present in 9.7 %–11.6 %. Sexual dimorphism in relation to shoveling pattern of lateral incisor and increased prevalence of palatogingival groove on the left side was noted.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Apart from shoveling, other anterior nonmetric traits have not been studied widely in different populations. These traits, which show variations, and their prevalence have been recorded in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-relationship between transverse and arcuate foramina of atlas vertebrae in a modern South African skeletal population sample","authors":"Glen J. Paton ,&nbsp;Keegan G. Reynolds ,&nbsp;Shahed Nalla","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This exploratory quantitative study examined the relationship between the transverse foramen (TF) and the anomalous arcuate foramen (AF) in the atlas vertebrae of a South African skeletal population comprising two cohorts, namely an AF-Present (AF-P) groups (n = 60) and an AF-Absent (AF-A) control group (n = 60).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study analyzed the size relationship between the AF, and ipsilateral and contralateral TF. Potential correlations between TF dimensions and AF presence were evaluated using metric and non-metric shape assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the AF-P cohort, the mean surface area of the left AF measured 31.46 mm², and the left TF measured 31.52 mm². The mean surface area size of the right AF was 30.96 mm², while the right TF measured 30.24 mm². The TF mean surface area in the AF-P group was larger than the AF-A group, with mean areas of 2.57 mm² and 1.78 mm² larger (left: 28.95 mm² and right: 28.46 mm², respectively). Males exhibited significantly larger TFs than females on the right side for anteroposterior, transverse and surface area measurements. The surface area of the right AF correlated strongly with the width and surface area of the left TF, and only the surface area of the right TF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The general trend was that when the right AF surface area increased, as did the dimensions of the TF bilaterally. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of the size-relationship of AF and TF size variations, which may affect vertebral artery dynamics with movements or cervical spine manipulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}