Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the bone tissue: Instrumental methods for characterization and biomedical research application","authors":"Lokadolalu Chandrachar Prasanna , Yashwanth Sing Bothra , Kumar Megur Ramakrishna Bhat , Vishwanath Managuli","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of metformin on the neuronal morphology of frontal cortex and hippocampal regions in lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation in male Wistar rats","authors":"Vandana Blossom ,&nbsp;Sheetal D. Ullal ,&nbsp;Rajalakshmi Rai ,&nbsp;Amit Massand ,&nbsp;Chettiar Ganesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Teresa Joy ,&nbsp;Melisha Michael D souza ,&nbsp;B.V. Murlimanju","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroinflammation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus is the key contributor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial endotoxin (E-coli phenol extract) used to induce the neuroinflammation in animal models. Our study is aimed to study the protective effect of metformin on the neuronal morphology of the frontal cortex and hippocampal regions in lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is an animal model study, which utilized the twenty-four male <em>Wistar rats</em> of about 6 weeks old. The rats were divided into 4 groups, which included control, experimental and treatment groups. 170 μg/kg of LPS injection was administered intraperitoneally once a week for the first eight weeks and the treatment groups received metformin, which was administered orally (100 mg and 200 mg/kg body weight/day). Rotarod test was used to confirm the neuronal loss and clinical analysis among the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Neuronal loss caused by the exposure to LPS in the dentate gyrus, CA4, CA3, CA2, CA1 (cornu ammonis regions) and frontal cortex, has been improved by the metformin treatment. Among the two doses of metformin, 200 mg/kg body weight exhibited better effect than the 100 mg/kg/body weight. The rotarod test findings suggested that, in the MF treated groups, the number of falls were reduced.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The histological analysis and clinical observation by the rotarod test revealed that, metformin attenuated the neuroinflammatory damage, suggesting that it has a neuroprotective role. This study recommends repurposing the usage of metformin as a neuroprotective agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of safe zones for the corona mortis using a cadaver simulation of the Modified Stoppa approach","authors":"Jade Naicker ,&nbsp;Zithulele Nkosinathi Tshabalala ,&nbsp;Andries Masenge ,&nbsp;Obakeng Modisane ,&nbsp;Steven Matshidza ,&nbsp;Nkhensani Mogale","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Modified Stoppa approach is a minimally invasive method of accessing the pelvis when treating pelvic ring and acetabular fractures. Although this approach is reported to be effective in exposing pelvic fractures, there are iatrogenic risks associated with the procedure. These risks arise from the inadvertent severing of vessels along the pelvic brim, resulting in bleeding, prolonged recovery, or even death. The specific vessels of concern include the corona mortis (CM) anastomosis and aberrant vasculature, which course over the superior pubic ramus.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current study aimed to create and validate clinically significant safe zones to avoid injury to these anomalous vessels during the Modified Stoppa approach. Measurements were taken between the CM and crossing vessels (CV), as well as various bony landmarks encountered during the anterior approach, using 63 cadavers. Measurements were statistically analyzed for any significant differences between sides and sex using t-tests, and safe zones were formulated. The safe zones were then assessed for precision using a stepwise cadaver simulation of the Modified Stoppa approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Safe zones from the pubic tubercle were calculated as 57.96 mm (SD ± 21.40) for the CM, while safe zones for the CV were reported as 48.07 mm (SD ± 25.52). These safe zones proved to be accurate when implemented during the cadaver simulation of the Modified Stoppa approach, as all cases of CM and aberrant vessels were positioned outside the prescribed zones.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results reiterate the clinical significance of the CM and its impact on orthopedic surgery and patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy of labyrinthine artery and its clinical significance in neurosurgical procedures - A narrative review","authors":"Jonasz Tempski ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Fibiger ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Majka ,&nbsp;Ignacy Jastrzębski ,&nbsp;Oliwia Andrasz ,&nbsp;Dominik Łazarz ,&nbsp;Jakub Pękala ,&nbsp;Konrad Malinowski ,&nbsp;Marcin Czternastek","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The labyrinthine artery (LA), is a major vessel responsible for blood supply of labyrinth and cochlea in the inner ear, as well as cranial nerves, including vestibulocochlear and facial nerves. Its origin varies throughout numerous reports, however the most commonly reported origins include anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and basilar artery (BA). Nevertheless, arteries such as superior cerebellar, vertebral and posterior inferior cerebellar artery have also been reported as the sources of LA. What is more, the relationship between LA and vestibulocochlear and facial nerves has been described vaguely in many publications. The aforementioned not only represent anatomical idiosyncrasies, but the area of LA origin is also crucial from a clinical perspective, especially when performing a wide spectrum of skull base approaches, most commonly involving exposure of cerebellopontine angle. The thorough knowledge regarding LA course, branches, correlation with cranial nerves can be critical in prevention of iatrogenic lesions, which may occur during various approaches such as middle cranial fossa, rectosigmoid and labyrinthine (both trans- and retro) ones. Lastly, we should remember that many different variants of LA can lead to a broader range of symptoms in the case of vascular changes, such as aneurysms.</div><div>This publication's aim is to provide a brief overview on all possible variants of labyrinthine arteries described in the literature, as well as its trajectories in relation to vestibulocochlear and facial nerves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum","authors":"Phanindra Prasad Poudel ,&nbsp;Arnab Ghosh ,&nbsp;Chacchu Bhattarai ,&nbsp;Saman Pradhan ,&nbsp;Nirmal Panthi ,&nbsp;Dela Singh Joshi ,&nbsp;Shanti Khadka ,&nbsp;Sandhya Kumari ,&nbsp;Guruprasad Kalthur ,&nbsp;Vani Lakshmi R. ,&nbsp;Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor coordination and cognitive functions. Series of events such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation occur during the development, which are tightly regulated by specific genes. Understanding the expression patterns of key genes involved in these processes during various stages of fetal development can provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms of cerebellar development. This study aims to investigate the expression patterns of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN (neuronal nuclease), <em>ATOH1</em> (<em>Atonal homolog 1)</em>, and <em>EN2</em> (<em>Engrailed -2)</em> in the human fetal cerebellum.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a descriptive observational study carried out in human fetal cerebellum, fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of Calbindin-D28k and NeuN, and while the expression of <em>ATOH1</em> and <em>EN2</em> genes were quantified with the help of qPCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Calbindin-D28k was highly immunoreactive in the Purkinje cells and located in their cytoplasm, nucleus and dendrites whereas absent in their axons. NeuN was expressed weakly in the perinuclear cytoplasm and nucleus of granule cells whereas absent in their dendrites and axons. <em>ATOH1</em> gene was upregulated during third trimester whereas <em>EN2</em> gene was upregulated during second as well as third trimesters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Distribution and intensity of Calbindin-D28k and NeuN proteins in the human fetal cerebellum increased with the increase in fetal age. Expression pattern of <em>ATOH1</em> and <em>EN2</em> genes indicated that second and third trimesters are the crucial periods for the proliferation, migration and maturation of granule cells. These genes may play a crucial role in the establishment of normal morphology of human fetal cerebellum and its development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities","authors":"M. Praveen Shenoy,&nbsp;Mangala M. Pai,&nbsp;B.V. Murlimanju,&nbsp;Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar,&nbsp;Latha V. Prabhu,&nbsp;M.D. Prameela","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The facial condensation of deep fascia form retinacula, Superior and Inferior, with a primary function to hold the extensor tendons of the foot in position. The morphology of inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) is clinically important in the tendon rupture repair and foot drop surgeries. The anatomy of ankle and foot IER is not much investigated and this prompted us to conceptualize this study to investigate the morphology and morphological variants of IER.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This descriptive, cross-sectional institutional based study included 50 dorsa of feet from the 25 embalmed adult cadavers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The present study observed that, the anatomy of IER is complex wherein multiple septa of varied thickness arise from its undersurface from both the stem and limbs, defining its compartments. Five well defined compartments existed, which lodged the extensor tendons. The third compartment was deep and overlapped by the extensor digitorum longus tendons. Fourth compartment was well defined and lodged the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius tendons, separated by an ill-defined septum. However, in 6 specimens (12 %), the peroneus tertius traversed the fifth compartment, which otherwise did not have any contents. Some morphological variants of the tendons were also noted as they passed beneath the IER.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study is novel in determining the compartment format, deeper connections of IER, and relations with deeper structures along with the anatomical variations, which are clinically important in ankle arthroscopy, tendinoscopy, tendon repairs and foot drop stabilization surgeries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple rare abdominal aortic branch variations in the case of a centenarian woman. Case report and review of the literature","authors":"Michela Vincis ,&nbsp;Claire Lewis ,&nbsp;Denis Barry ,&nbsp;Marcello Trucas","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anatomical variations of the abdominal aorta are crucial when considering the success of clinical procedures including diagnostic imaging, oncologic resections, organ transplantations, laparoscopic surgeries, management of penetrating abdominal injuries, and interventional radiological procedures. Accurate knowledge of these vessels is essential for these procedures to be effective. The literature underlying the relationships of the anterior visceral branches of the aorta, especially regarding their origins and distances from the aortic bifurcation, is limited. As part of routine anatomical dissection, we identified multiple rare aortic vessel variants in a cadaveric female with associated visceral adaptations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 99-year-old formalin embalmed female donor was dissected at the Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin. The branches of the abdominal aorta were isolated, and their course and relationships with related abdominal organs were visualised.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A ptotic arrangement of the liver, pancreas, stomach and gall bladder displacement, and multiple rare aortic branch variants were identified, including variations in the inferior phrenic arteries, a long hepatosplenic trunk, a long cystic artery originating from the gastroduodenal artery, the anterior origin of the right renal artery adjacent to the superior mesenteric artery, and the bilateral absence of the ovarian arteries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These variations, combined with the inferior displacement of several abdominal viscera make this case exceptionally rare and significant for its potential clinical and surgical implications. This work demonstrates how the simultaneous presence of multiple rare abdominal vascular variations, and the concomitant displacement of abdominal organs has led to a complete adaptation of the vascular system and organ function. The donor had reached almost one hundred years of age without any significant symptoms, demonstrating how a systemic study of the patient is important prior to surgical intervention, where the presence of vascular variants is suspected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opened sacral canal: Anatomical case report with commentaries on neurological significance","authors":"Andrzej Żytkowski ,&nbsp;Jakub Dębski ,&nbsp;Kacper Wąsikiewicz ,&nbsp;Edward Clarke ,&nbsp;Stanisław Orkisz","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This case report examines anatomical specimens of the sacrum with an opened sacral canal and discusses the potential causes and clinical significance associated with this condition.</div></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><div>This description concerns an isolated sacrum. A wholly opened sacral canal (from S1 to S5 level) was observed on the bony specimen. A detailed anatomical description of the specimen is provided.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The opened sacral canal is caused by incomplete fusion of sacral vertebral laminae. It may involve various levels and is significantly relevant in clinical practice. Understanding the complexities of the sacral canal and its associated pathologies is crucial for clinicians in developing effective treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the skin layers and its appendages of developing human fetuses at different trimesters of pregnancy","authors":"Kumar Megur Ramakrishna Bhat,&nbsp;FK Febina,&nbsp;Lokadolalu Chandrachar Prasanna","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Understanding the fundamentals of skin illnesses mediated by the immune system and genetics is aided by knowledge of the composition and structure of fetal skin. In general, the epidermis, skin appendages (including sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and sweat glands), and the underlying dermis from mesenchymal tissue are all derived from the surface ectoderm.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve stillborn or medically terminated human fetuses from the three trimesters of pregnancy (four specimens of different gestational weeks from each trimester) were examined for this study (from January 2024 to June 2024) with institutional ethics committee approval. Histological analysis was performed on skin that was specifically chosen from the flexor (front of the thorax and palm) and extensor (back of the thorax and sole) regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The epidermis architecture progresses from squamous layered to well-differentiated cellular layers in the third trimester. The cellular dermis with no or very little fibrous component gradually increases with fetal age. As a fetus's gestational age increases, the fibrous material invades epidermal appendages including sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Appendages of skin and glands begin to appear towards the end of the first trimester. The development of the dermis showed varied differences in the cellular and fibrous components at different trimesters. A fundamental understanding of the formation of the skin in embryos may help regulate the adult wound healing process to promote faster, scar-free healing of the skin and its appendages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evidence-based method to assess the suprascapular notch morphology","authors":"George Triantafyllou,&nbsp;George Tsakotos,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}