Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Accessory cutaneous branch of the deep peroneal nerve: A rare anatomical variation","authors":"Sushma Prabhath,&nbsp;Bhoomi Darak,&nbsp;Suhani Sumalatha","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The deep peroneal nerve typically follows a well-defined course in the anterior compartment of the leg, providing motor innervation to the extensor muscles of the foot and sensory supply to the first interdigital cleft. However, its branching pattern and sensory distribution variations are clinically significant but rarely reported. These anatomical anomalies can have implications for surgical procedures, nerve block techniques, and the interpretation of clinical symptoms in the lower limb.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>An unusual branching pattern of the deep peroneal nerve on the left lower limb of a 57-year-old male cadaver was observed in this case. An accessory cutaneous nerve arising from the deep peroneal nerve at the upper shaft of the fibula was observed. The cutaneous branch of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve supplied only the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot. The accessory cutaneous nerve compensated the supply of the medial aspect of the foot, hence designated as the accessory deep peroneal sensory nerve. The main trunk of the deep peroneal nerve was seen in its usual course, supplying the region's muscles and the 1st interdigital cleft.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current finding is rare and highlights the importance of understanding the anatomical variations of peripheral nerves. Such variations are clinically significant due to their potential impact on diagnostic evaluations, surgical interventions, and nerve block procedures involving the lower limb.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of the variations in the tendons of the extensor digitorum communis among the Burmese population","authors":"Than Than Win ,&nbsp;Zaw Myo Hein ,&nbsp;Muhammad Danial Che Ramli ,&nbsp;Soe Lwin ,&nbsp;Tin Moe Nwe","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The extensor digitorum communis (EDC) is essential in finger extension. Its tendons vary in distribution among and between different populations. These variations in anatomy can be very important for the diagnosis and management of hand injuries among hand surgeons, anatomists, and clinicians. This study is done to assess the variation of EDC tendons among the Burmese population and assess their distribution patterns on both hands.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional anatomical study involving 32 cadavers (16 formalin-preserved and 16 fresh-frozen-acquired) from various medical institutions in Myanmar. A total of 64 dissected hands were observed for the number, pattern, and distribution of EDC tendons to the index (IF), middle (MF), ring (RF), and little fingers (LF). The Chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance of tendon variations among the hands.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All IF had a single EDC tendon (100 %). The MF had single (50 %), double (37.5 %), and triple (10.9 %) tendons. The ring finger displayed single (9.4 %), double (50 %), triple (35.9 %), and quadruple (4.7 %) tendons. The LF showed an absent EDC tendon (60.9 %), a single tendon (34.4 %), and a double tendon (4.7 %). Asymmetrical tendon distribution was observed in 62 % of cadavers. Statistical analysis confirmed significant variations in EDC tendon distribution (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study represents valuable data on anatomical variations in EDC tendons among a Burmese population and emphasises an individualised approach to surgery when dealing with tendon repair or hand reconstruction. The high incidence of asymmetrical patterns may alter functional and biomechanical results. Further investigation with advanced imaging techniques and samples of larger sizes is recommended regarding clinical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odontoid process angulation range in a South African skeletal population sample: An osteological study","authors":"Ricardo Jonker ,&nbsp;Glen J. Paton ,&nbsp;Shahed Nalla","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigated the angulation of the odontoid process in a South African skeletal population to establish normative vertical angulation in the sagittal plane and assess variations across population affinity groups, biological sexes, and age categories. The study also investigated standardizing techniques for measuring the angle of the odontoid process.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 cervical axis vertebrae from the Raymond A. Dart Collection. Angulation measurements were taken using digital photographs, ImageJ software and statistical analyses (one-way ANOVA and t-tests).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean odontoid process angulation (degrees; °) across the sample was 60.45° (±3.10°). No statistically significant differences in angulation were found. Minor variations were observed, with males (60.77° ± 2.94°) showing a slightly higher mean angulation than females (60.08° ± 3.25°). The age groups, “20–40 years” (60.71° ± 3.56°) and “41–55 years” (60.43° ± 3.04°), displayed greater angulation than the 56–70 years age group (60.19° ± 2.68°). Population affinity groups showed that the Black African group had a mean angulation of 60.57° (±3.01°), the White group had 60.06° (±3.04°), and the Coloured group had a slightly higher mean of 60.64° (±3.26°).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study concluded there are statistically insignificant differences in the odontoid process angulation based on population affinity, sex, and age. The findings contribute to a better understanding of cervical spine anatomy and assist in clinical interventions related to the cervical spine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesorectum volumetry in males with rectal cancer: Variabilities observed in pre- and post-neoadjuvant radiotherapy imaging","authors":"D. Lamprecht ,&nbsp;K. Baatjes ,&nbsp;W. Begg ,&nbsp;H. Fourie ,&nbsp;A. Alblas ,&nbsp;L. Witbooi ,&nbsp;T. Forgan","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study utilised magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to describe the within population variations and the variability observed in the volumetry of the mesorectum pre- and post-neoadjuvant radiotherapy, prior to surgical intervention, in a South-African sample of males with rectal cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Nineteen pelvic MRI scans of males diagnosed with rectal cancer, who underwent neoadjuvant long-course radiotherapy (LCRT) or short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) prior to undergoing a total mesorectal excision (TME), were retrospectively reviewed and analysed. Mesorectal volume was calculated after contouring individual axial slices and creating a three-dimensional compounded structure on both pre- and post-radiotherapy scans, which were subsequently described and compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both pre- and post-neoadjuvant radiotherapy mesorectal volumetry displayed great variability. Mean calculated pre-radiotherapy mesorectal volume was 272.94 ± 80.30 cm³. Post-radiotherapy volume equated to 239.19 ± 81.30 cm³, presenting an overall percentage decrease of 12,60 %, resulting in a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). In sub-group analysis, both patient groups who underwent LCRT and SCRT showed a general decrease and statistically significant difference in mesorectal volume post-radiotherapy when compared to pre-radiotherapy imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Significant variation in the volumetry of the mesorectum pre- and post-neoadjuvant radiotherapy observable on MRI can have important clinical implications for the TME. A change in mesorectal morphometry may require modification of the planned surgical strategy. Therefore, the information obtained from a post-radiotherapy MRI prior to surgical intervention, can be a worthwhile addition to the available armamentarium for surgeons to guide surgical decision-making, encouraging the adoption of optimal individualized and novel treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The medial plica syndrome of the knee – Narrative review of the literature","authors":"Szymon Gryckiewicz ,&nbsp;Łukasz Paczesny ,&nbsp;Anna Brożyna ,&nbsp;Jan Zabrzyński ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Gryckiewicz ,&nbsp;Zofia Paradowska ,&nbsp;Marek Libura","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synovial plicae are physiological tissue found in the knee joint. They are formed in the fetal period as remnants of synovial cavities that are not absorbed in the process of apoptosis. Depending on the location of the plica, medicine distinguishes several types of plicae - suprapatellar, infrapatellar, medial and the lateral one. Based on the shape and size of the fold, the types are divided into subtypes. In the knee joint, the most common is medial plica, which extends from the area of the articular muscle or the vastus medialis oblique muscle, which runs parallel to the medial femoral condyle and patella.</div><div>Medial plica syndrome (MPS) is the medical term for the development of sympthoms caused by a pathological synovial fold. A significant factor in the pathophysiology of medial plica syndrome is the stage of inflammation, occurring either in the direct injury mechanism of plica (e.g. torsional mechanism) or as a consequence of cumulative overload changes. Typical clinical symptoms of a patient with MPS include: dull pain in the antero-medial apspect of the knee, associated with repeated knee flexion movement with possible clicking or locking signs. Clinical provocation tests were described (Mediopatellar Plica Test, Hughston Fold Test, Stutter Test) to confirm the diagnosis. It is crucial to exclude the presence of other knee joint diseases.</div><div>Imaging including ultrasound and MRI may be useful in differential diagnosis but confirmation of the presence of the plica is not sufficient to make a diagnosis. Conservative treatment can be effective and it is based on NSAIDs administration, activity modification, kinesiotherapy and physical therapy. In the case of ineffective conservative treatment, arthroscopic surgery is considered. Usually larger folds in the MPS require surgical intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic high resolution US as primary tool in comparison to MRI in evaluation of TMJ disk anterior displacement","authors":"Ahmed Y. Ashour ,&nbsp;Abdalwhab M.A. Zwiri ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Ali ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Mostafa ,&nbsp;Bahaa-Eldin A. Moustafa ,&nbsp;Husseini F. EL boraey ,&nbsp;Alshimaa Y. Ashour ,&nbsp;Elsayed M. Abd El-Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many adults are affected by temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Several imaging modalities as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and traditional radiography were used to diagnose TMD. Among these modalities, dynamic high-resolution ultrasound (US) emerges as a potential non-invasive, radiation-free method.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the efficacy of US versus MRI in the assessment of TMJ displacement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included forty patients with a clinical diagnosis of anterior disk displacement (ADD). The TMJ was imaged bilaterally using a 1.5 T MRI using a 2-mm slice width, in the sagittal and coronal planes 1–7 days after performing US. The diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound was evaluated for disc displacement in contrast to MRI. For US the following metrics: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were used to compare the measurements versus MRI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients were 14 male and 26 female patients (mean age 29.36 ± 7.09 years) with a duration of ADD of 3.2 ± 1.7 months. The most common clinical indications were TMJ stiffness and discomfort (85 %), followed by limited mouth opening (75 %), and TMJ sounds (crepitus/clicking) (80 %). Most patients had mild TMJ dysfunction (44.0 ± 16.42). The MRI was better in identifying TMJ abnormalities than the US. However, no significant differences were observed. Compared to MRI, US showed superior diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for TMJ disc displacements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>According to the study's findings, US can be suggested as a very precise imaging method for identifying internal TMJ abnormalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of transpedicular screw placement through the posterior arch of C1: A CT study in the Emirati population","authors":"Ivan James Prithishkumar ,&nbsp;Dineshwary Suresh ,&nbsp;Nerissa Naidoo ,&nbsp;Rashid AlSharhan ,&nbsp;Usama Al Bastaki ,&nbsp;Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan ,&nbsp;Baylis Vivek Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Instrumentation of the lateral mass of first cervical vertebra (C1) is required in atlantoaxial instability. C1 bears a complicated relationship with adjacent neurovascular structures such as the vertebral artery and cervical spinal cord, which are at risk of injury in a misplaced screw. The objective of this study was to look at the feasibility of transpedicular screw placement into the C1 lateral mass with entry through the posterior arch.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Computed tomography images of the cervical spine in 160 adults (&gt;18 years) who are natives of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (M = 80; F = 80) were reviewed. Morphometric parameters relevant to pedicle screw fixation via the posterior arch were studied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean intraosseous distance from screw entry point in the posterior arch to the anterior cortex of lateral mass following a straight course without any inclination was 28.0 mm in males and 29.0 mm in females, allowing a safe distance of 3.2 mm from the foramen transversarium laterally and 9.0 mm from the vertebral canal medially. A medial inclination of 18° in males and 14° in females allows for increased bone purchase. Mean height of the pedicle at its junction with lateral mass was 5.6 mm in both sexes. However, the mean height of the posterior arch at the vertebral artery groove was 3.3 ± 0.4 mm in males and 3.1 ± 0.4 mm in females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We recommend placement of 3.5/4.0 mm screws using the notching technique, of length 28–30 mm with a slight medial angulation of 15° for increased bone purchase and greater stability of fixation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143199078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stature estimation and sex determination from contemporary Northeastern Thai clavicles using discriminant function and linear regression analyses","authors":"Chanasorn Poodendaen ,&nbsp;Poonikha Namwongsakool ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard ,&nbsp;Nareelak Tangsrisakda ,&nbsp;Rarinthron Samrid ,&nbsp;Chadaporn Chaimontri ,&nbsp;Worrawit Boonthai ,&nbsp;Suthat Duangchit","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reliable methods for stature estimation and sex determination are still needed for anthropologists to identify other skeletal remains for applying in forensic cases when the skull or pelvis disappears or is severely damaged. The clavicle is known to have high sexual dimorphism because of its anatomical features including size and shape. High variability of clavicle has significant forensic application in many populations except the modern Northeastern Thais. This study aimed to develop the discriminant function analysis to estimate stature and sex dimorphism from dry clavicles in exploring a potential method for Thai forensic anthropology.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and method</h3><div>Four hundred dry clavicles (200 males, 200 females) identified for sex and height before body donation were measured for six standardized parameters including maximum length of clavicle (MaxL), anterior-posterior width at the acromion end surface (APA), anterior-posterior width at the sternal end surface (APS), superior-inferior width at the acromion end surface (SIA), superior-inferior width at the sternal end surface (SIS), and circumference at the mid-shaft of clavicle (CirMid), respectively. The discriminant function and regression analyses were used for sex determination and stature estimation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All parameters showed significant difference of sexual dimorphism with greater in male dimensions compared to those of females (p &lt; 0.01). For sex determination using univariate analysis, the most accuracy rate was of MaxL (83.5 %). In stepwise discriminant function analysis, the four parameters of MaxL, APS, SIS, and CirMid on the right side could enhance the accuracy rate up to 88.5 %. The highest correlation of stature estimation was observed in the combined-sex analysis (r = 0.73, R² = 0.54, SEE = 5.78 cm) by using only right MaxL and CirMid parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Multi-variable discriminant functions provide more reliability in sex determination while the combined-sex equations is the most effective method to estimate stature for contemporary Northeastern Thais. This novel method can be used to apply in the forensic anthropological analysis for Thai clavicle remain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of lung fissure completeness and sex-based differences in lung anatomy using cadaveric lungs","authors":"Nicholas R. Stange,&nbsp;Shivika Ahuja,&nbsp;Daniel T. Daly,&nbsp;Yun Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gross anatomy of human lungs is relatively consistent; however, previous studies have noted variations in the degree of fissure completeness as well as sex-based differences in lung size and shape. In this study, 90 cadaveric lungs obtained through the Gift Body Program of Saint Louis University School of Medicine were used to describe the linear dimensions and fissure completeness of fixed cadaveric lungs, provide a detailed and reproducible method of measuring dimensions of lungs, and describe sex-related differences in lung dimensions. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge of lung anatomy from studies conducted via CT imaging, thoracic dimension analysis, pulmonary function testing, and other cadaveric studies. For dimensional analysis and fissure completeness, the right horizontal fissure exhibited the most variations in the fissures of the lung. For sex-based differences, female left lungs had a similar height, a narrower base, and a more oblique angle when compared to male lungs. No significant differences in oblique angle, horizontal angle or width to height ratios were observed. This is the first cadaveric study to demonstrate sex-based differences in human lungs and supports the reliability of using cadaveric specimens to study the clinical implications of anatomical variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laterally positioned external carotid arteries: Two cadaveric case reports","authors":"Kara Coffman-Rea ,&nbsp;Skylar Arwood ,&nbsp;Karen E. Samonds ,&nbsp;Dylan J. Fuchs ,&nbsp;Julia P. Negrin","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anatomical variations in the carotid vasculature are clinically significant due to their implications for various surgical procedures and their potential to produce a range of symptoms. This case report highlights two notable variations observed during routine cadaveric dissections. In both cases, the external carotid artery was positioned laterally. Both cases presented the superior thyroid artery and superior laryngeal artery branching at the level of the carotid bifurcation; one case showed both arteries originating directly from the bifurcation, while the other case exhibited the typical branching pattern where the superior laryngeal artery branches from the superior thyroid artery. One case also included a high carotid bifurcation above the typical location at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}