Analysis of the skin layers and its appendages of developing human fetuses at different trimesters of pregnancy

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1016/j.tria.2024.100369

Kumar Megur Ramakrishna Bhat, FK Febina, Lokadolalu Chandrachar Prasanna

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Abstract

Background

Understanding the fundamentals of skin illnesses mediated by the immune system and genetics is aided by knowledge of the composition and structure of fetal skin. In general, the epidermis, skin appendages (including sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and sweat glands), and the underlying dermis from mesenchymal tissue are all derived from the surface ectoderm.

Methods

Twelve stillborn or medically terminated human fetuses from the three trimesters of pregnancy (four specimens of different gestational weeks from each trimester) were examined for this study (from January 2024 to June 2024) with institutional ethics committee approval. Histological analysis was performed on skin that was specifically chosen from the flexor (front of the thorax and palm) and extensor (back of the thorax and sole) regions.

Results

The epidermis architecture progresses from squamous layered to well-differentiated cellular layers in the third trimester. The cellular dermis with no or very little fibrous component gradually increases with fetal age. As a fetus's gestational age increases, the fibrous material invades epidermal appendages including sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles.

Conclusion

Appendages of skin and glands begin to appear towards the end of the first trimester. The development of the dermis showed varied differences in the cellular and fibrous components at different trimesters. A fundamental understanding of the formation of the skin in embryos may help regulate the adult wound healing process to promote faster, scar-free healing of the skin and its appendages.

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不同孕期发育中的人类胎儿的皮肤层及其附属物分析

背景了解胎儿皮肤的组成和结构有助于理解由免疫系统和遗传学介导的皮肤疾病的基本原理。一般来说，表皮、皮肤附属物（包括皮脂腺、毛囊和汗腺）以及来自间充质组织的下层真皮均来自表层外胚层。方法经机构伦理委员会批准，本研究对12个死胎或医学终止妊娠的人类胎儿进行了检查（每个孕期4个不同孕周的标本），检查时间为2024年1月至2024年6月。组织学分析专门选取了屈肌（胸部前部和手掌）和伸肌（胸部后部和足底）区域的皮肤。没有纤维成分或纤维成分极少的细胞真皮随着胎龄的增长而逐渐增加。随着胎龄的增加，纤维物质侵入表皮附属物，包括汗腺、皮脂腺和毛囊。真皮层的发育在不同孕期表现出细胞和纤维成分的不同差异。从根本上了解胚胎中皮肤的形成可能有助于调节成人伤口愈合过程，从而促进皮肤及其附属物更快、无疤痕地愈合。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Translational Research in Anatomy Medicine-Anatomy

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Translational Research in Anatomy is an international peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes high-quality original papers. Focusing on translational research, the journal aims to disseminate the knowledge that is gained in the basic science of anatomy and to apply it to the diagnosis and treatment of human pathology in order to improve individual patient well-being. Topics published in Translational Research in Anatomy include anatomy in all of its aspects, especially those that have application to other scientific disciplines including the health sciences: • gross anatomy • neuroanatomy • histology • immunohistochemistry • comparative anatomy • embryology • molecular biology • microscopic anatomy • forensics • imaging/radiology • medical education Priority will be given to studies that clearly articulate their relevance to the broader aspects of anatomy and how they can impact patient care.Strengthening the ties between morphological research and medicine will foster collaboration between anatomists and physicians. Therefore, Translational Research in Anatomy will serve as a platform for communication and understanding between the disciplines of anatomy and medicine and will aid in the dissemination of anatomical research. The journal accepts the following article types: 1. Review articles 2. Original research papers 3. New state-of-the-art methods of research in the field of anatomy including imaging, dissection methods, medical devices and quantitation 4. Education papers (teaching technologies/methods in medical education in anatomy) 5. Commentaries 6. Letters to the Editor 7. Selected conference papers 8. Case Reports