Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Source apportionment and uncertainty assessment of nitrate and phosphate pollution in shallow groundwater in agricultural watersheds based on multi-isotope methods","authors":"Qingfei Chen ,&nbsp;Chi Wang ,&nbsp;Anqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Rongyang Cui ,&nbsp;Wanli Hu ,&nbsp;Bin Fu ,&nbsp;Cunzheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Xingwei Chen ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative identification of the sources of nitrate (NO₃⁻) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) in water bodies is crucial for controlling nonpoint source pollution in agricultural watersheds. However, accurate quantification of the contributions of pollution sources to NO₃⁻ and PO₄³⁻ in groundwater has not been thoroughly studied. The typical agricultural watershed of Xingyun Lake was selected as the object, a combination of multi-isotopes (δ²H, δ¹⁸O-H₂O, δ¹⁵N-NO₃, δ¹⁸O-NO₃ and δ¹⁸O-PO₄) and the SIAR model was used to evaluate the contributions of various pollution sources to NO₃⁻ and PO₄³⁻ in shallow groundwater within the watershed, and the uncertainties in different sources were analysed. The results revealed that domestic sewage (CE), livestock manure (LM), and soil N (SN) were the main sources of NO₃⁻ in groundwater during the rainy season (RS), with contribution rates of 32 % (uncertainty index (<em>UI</em>_<em>90</em>) = 0.53), 24 % (<em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.41) and 24 % (<em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.46), respectively. CE (26 %, <em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.49), SN (25 %, <em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.47) and N fertilizer (22 %, <em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.44) were the main sources of NO₃⁻ in groundwater during the dry season (DS). NO₃⁻ in groundwater was dominated by nitrification during the DS, and weak denitrification existed during the RS. Microbially driven PO₄³⁻ fractionation processes were not obvious. P fertilizer, LM and soil P, CE were the main sources of PO₄³⁻ in groundwater during the RS and DS, with contribution rates of 29 % (<em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.42), 22 % (<em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.47) and 28 % (<em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.51), 27 % (<em>UI</em>_<em>90</em> = 0.50), respectively. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the contributions of N and P from CE and soil to groundwater pollution exhibited relatively high uncertainty. The sampling frequency should be increased, and the sampling period should be extended to enhance the monitoring of these pollution sources and increase the accuracy of the quantification of source contributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of groundwater management strategies by optimization under land subsidence constraints","authors":"Juan José Díaz-Nigenda ,&nbsp;Eric Morales-Casique ,&nbsp;Mauricio Carrillo-García ,&nbsp;Mario Alberto Vázquez-Peña ,&nbsp;Selene Olea-Olea","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land subsidence is one of the most critical consequences of groundwater depletion, underscoring the need for management tools capable of evaluating how extraction decisions affect both aquifer conditions and ground deformation. Computational optimization models provide a powerful means to support such decision-making; however, most groundwater management studies addressing subsidence-prone systems impose constraints solely on aquifer drawdown, without explicitly controlling land subsidence. Here we develop an optimization framework that integrates management constraints on both aquifer drawdown and land subsidence rate, enabling simultaneous control of hydraulic conditions and deformation. Three constraint strategies were defined and applied to a simulated aquifer–aquitard system to evaluate the coupled response between aquifer drawdown and aquitard compression. The methodology involved formulating optimization models with alternative constraints, simulating multi-year scenarios, and comparing their impacts on groundwater dynamics and land subsidence behavior. Results demonstrate that the choice of management constraints strongly influences aquifer depletion, aquitard response, and total land subsidence. When only drawdown is constrained, total settlement reaches roughly 10 % of the aquitard thickness. Introducing a subsidence-rate constraint limits settlement to about 1.25 %, while applying only a subsidence-rate constraint reduces settlement to 0.04 % of the aquitard thickness. However, a trade-off would arise between controlling land subsidence and supplying groundwater as the volume of water produced through the management period is also reduced. These outcomes highlight the effectiveness of integrated management constraints and illustrate how integrated constraints can inform groundwater management decisions in subsidence-prone settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotope-hydrogeochemical delineation of recharge zones in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico","authors":"J.A. Ramos-Leal ,&nbsp;J. Moran-Ramirez ,&nbsp;Oscar Almanza Tovar ,&nbsp;Ana Elizabeth Marín Celestino ,&nbsp;Ana Beatriz Rubio Arellano ,&nbsp;Ulises Rodríguez Robles","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquifers in karst systems are highly complex, and understanding their hydrodynamics and geochemical evolution is a significant challenge. A clear example of this complexity is found in the Sierra Madre Oriental, where carbonate and sulfate rocks predominate. To study these systems, water-rock interactions and the isotopic composition of groundwater and meteoric water have been analyzed.</div><div>Through these investigations, three types of groundwater flow were identified and recharge zones were delineated in the region. Isotopic techniques made it possible to locate these zones, revealing that regional recharge occurs at altitudes up to 2,733 m above sea level, with an average of 1,342 m, while local recharge is recorded from 233 m above sea level. These data indicate that the recharge process is distributed along the entire altitudinal gradient of the Sierra Madre Oriental.</div><div>The results obtained provide key information on the geochemical controls that influence the evolution of spring water in the Huasteca. Among the most relevant processes are the dissolution and precipitation of minerals such as calcite and dolomite, as well as the mixing of groundwater within the system. These mechanisms are fundamental in shaping the region's characteristic karst landscape.</div><div>Finally, the recharge zones of the main springs were delineated using flow lines derived from equipotentials and isotopic recharge altitudes, allowing for a more precise characterization of the hydrogeological system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing groundwater storage response to snow cover dynamics in large Moroccan river basins over the last decades using remote sensing data","authors":"Mostafa Bousbaa ,&nbsp;Abdelghani Boudhar ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hssaisoune ,&nbsp;Haytam Elyoussfi ,&nbsp;Ismail Karaoui ,&nbsp;Bouchra Bargam ,&nbsp;Karima Nifa ,&nbsp;Abdessamad Hadri ,&nbsp;Siham Acharki ,&nbsp;Gemine Vivone ,&nbsp;Christophe Kinnard","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater reserves face increasing pressure from human activities and climate variability. Increased domestic, industrial, and agricultural demand has led to unsustainable dependence, disrupting natural replenishment, particularly in semi-arid and arid regions. This study examines how snow cover, a key factor in groundwater recharge, influences groundwater reserves in Morocco's main basins, focusing on assessing the relative importance of snowmelt and rainfall. Remote sensing data from MODIS for snow cover area (SCA), the Global Gravity-based Groundwater Product (G3P) for groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA), and the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) for rainfall were used for this purpose from September 2002 to August 2023. Trend analysis, correlation metrics, and a regression-based framework were used to assess temporal variability and quantify recharge sources. Results showed that G3P-derived GWSA accurately captured groundwater level variations, achieving high correlation (up to 0.93) and low error (as low as 0.72), confirming its reliability. During the study period, most basins showed significant GWSA declines, closely related to decreasing SCA. A 6 to 8-month lag was observed between SCA and GWSA peaks. Furthermore, SCA depletion and GWSA change rates revealed distinct hydrological responses across basins. In Oum Er-Rbia and Draa, their strong correlation highlighted the significant role of snowmelt in groundwater recharge. In contrast, moderate correlations in other basins indicate additional influences. On average, snowmelt contributed 5 %–50 % to groundwater recharge, highlighting its important, yet secondary, role in seasonal snow regions. These results highlight the role of snowmelt in groundwater recharge and the vulnerability of groundwater to variations in snow cover and precipitation. Our results further underscore the need for adaptive water management, particularly in semi-arid and arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of coupled climate change and human exploitation on groundwater dynamics in agricultural intensive planting areas","authors":"Jiajun Li ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Peng Qi ,&nbsp;Zhijun Li ,&nbsp;Yunfei Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater resources are essential for agricultural production, especially in areas of intensive agricultural. Using western Jilin Province, China, as a case study, this paper systematically evaluates groundwater dynamics under the combined impacts of climate change and human exploitation. Although extensive research has explored the effects of climate change on groundwater systems, the integration of climate models with groundwater-exploitation scenarios remains understudied. Accordingly, we used GMS–MODFLOW to construct a three-dimensional groundwater flow model. Using observed groundwater-level data from 10 observation wells, we simulated the groundwater flow field for 2007–2016 and validated the model. Building on this setup, we conducted scenario-based simulations to project the spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater levels for 2021–2080, using six Global Climate Models (GCMs) and the four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5), and imposing exploitation-rate adjustments of ±20 % relative to current levels. Results show that precipitation accounts for approximately 95 % of total recharge. Across all scenarios, groundwater discharge exceeds recharge, producing a long-term negative change in storage whose magnitude increases under higher-emissions forcing; the mean annual storage deficit rises from 1.20 × 10⁸ m³/yr (SSP1-2.6) to 2.20 × 10⁸ m³/yr (SSP5-8.5). The regional mean groundwater-level decline rate ranges from 1.68 to 3.00 cm/yr, yielding a cumulative drop of 0.98–1.80 m by 2080. However, a 20 % reduction in groundwater exploitation can partially mitigate this trend: relative to the +20 % exploitation scenario, the regional mean decline rate falls by about 50 %, hotspots of serve decline contract markedly, and exploitation-driven spatial heterogeneity is reduced. The analysis further indicates that higher-emissions scenarios exacerbate human impacts on groundwater, whereas lower-emissions scenarios help alleviate these effects. Our distinctive contribution is an integrated modeling framework that tightly couples climate-change projections with groundwater-abstraction scenarios, yielding actionable insights for groundwater management in agricultural regions, informing adaptive pumping strategies, and supporting long-term sustainable use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of nitrate sources in surface and groundwater within a karst watershed utilizing nitrogen and oxygen isotopes","authors":"Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongfa Zhou ,&nbsp;Hui Dong ,&nbsp;Shengjun Ding ,&nbsp;Yong Xiong ,&nbsp;Jijuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Huang ,&nbsp;Ye Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoduo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrate pollution seriously threatens water security in karst areas. In these areas, surface water and groundwater systems are highly interconnected, and pollution migration mechanisms are complex. Currently, the spatiotemporal variations of nitrate sources driven by agricultural and tourism activities and their response to seasonal anthropogenic disturbances remain unclear. This study selected the Chiwuxi Basin, a typical karst agricultural-tourism composite watershed in southwestern China, as the study area. Various methods, including hydrochemical analysis, nitrate dual isotopes (δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁸O) tracing, and the Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR), were used to systematically and quantitatively analyze the sources, transformation processes, and contribution patterns of nitrate in surface water and groundwater. The results indicate that: (1) The average nitrate concentration in groundwater (9.73 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in surface water (6.08 mg/L). This reflects that the “preferential flow” formed by karst fissure-conduit systems promoted the subsurface migration and accumulation of pollutants. (2) Both hydrochemical and isotopic indicators suggest that nitrification is the dominant nitrate transformation process. (3) The MixSIAR model quantitatively reveals that soil nitrogen was the primary source (63.9 % in surface water, 61 % in groundwater). Chemical fertilizer was secondary, with a greater contribution to groundwater (28.2 %) than to surface water (23.5 %). This highlights the importance of agricultural non-point source inputs through subsurface pathways. (4) The contributions of pollution sources showed significant seasonal dynamics. Soil nitrogen dominated in the dry season, while chemical fertilizer and domestic sewage contributed more in the wet season. This pattern responds to agricultural fertilization cycles and variations in tourist flow. This study clarifies the spatiotemporal differentiation mechanisms of nitrate sources and the seasonal regulatory role of human activities in the surface water–groundwater system of karst agricultural-tourism composite watersheds. The findings can provide a scientific basis for implementing coordinated “surface–subsurface” pollution control, precise interception of agricultural non-point source pollution, and enhanced management of seasonal tourism wastewater in such regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of sulfur isotopes to investigate the generation and migration of acid mine drainage in a uranium mine","authors":"Fernanda Cristina Fonseca Camargo ,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto de Carvalho Filho ,&nbsp;Ricardo Gomes Passos ,&nbsp;Stela Dalva Santos Cota ,&nbsp;Paulo Sérgio Pelógia Minardi ,&nbsp;Virgílio Lopardi Bomtempo ,&nbsp;Thiago Fernando de Ávila Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When sulfide minerals are exposed to oxidizing conditions, acid mine drainage (AMD) is generated. While this process can occur naturally, mining activities significantly accelerate it, often leading to groundwater contamination. This study reports the use of stable sulfur isotopes to characterize the predominant chemical processes involved in AMD generation within a uranium mining waste pile and its subsequent migration to adjacent areas. The sulfur isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate in water and the oxygen isotopic composition in sulfate and water molecules were analyzed to confirm AMD formation and identify the primary reaction pathway for pyrite oxidation. The <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>δ</mi><mn>34</mn></msup><msub><mi>S</mi><msubsup><mtext>SO</mtext><mn>4</mn><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>‐</mo></mrow></msubsup></msub></mrow></math></span> values ranged from −1.5 to +0.7 ‰, while the <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>δ</mi><mn>18</mn></msup><msub><mi>O</mi><msubsup><mtext>SO</mtext><mn>4</mn><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>‐</mo></mrow></msubsup></msub></mrow></math></span> values ranged from −2.8 to −1.5 ‰. The relative contribution of water molecules to pyrite oxidation, as determined using the stoichiometric isotopic balance model, varied between 82 and 101 ‰ when water isotopic enrichment factors near 4 ‰ were applied. The primary mechanism for pyrite oxidation was identified as pyrite oxidation by ferric ions. These findings demonstrate that studying sulfur isotopic signatures in groundwater and surface waters offers valuable insights for developing AMD mitigation strategies and other related environmental protection measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater hydrochemistry, pollution source analysis, and health risk in western Jilin, China","authors":"Tao Li ,&nbsp;Xinying Cui ,&nbsp;Dongmei Ruan ,&nbsp;Jianmin Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater (GW) components in western Jilin are shaped by natural geology and anthropogenic activities (particularly water projects), driving groundwater quality (GWQ) variations with health implications. Consequently, effective GW management requires accurate GW information including GWQ, pollution source identification, and human health risk assessment (HHRA).</div><div>This paper presented integrated methods for comprehensive evaluation of these elements. From the GWQ perspective, SNWTM integrated groundwater quality evaluation methods (GWQEM) with TOPSIS to enhance accuracy, method interpretability, and overcome single-method limitations for diverse water samples. To accurately identify GW pollution sources, this study utilized Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), whose integration provided complete pollution source characterization through combined qualitative-quantitative analysis, enabling targeted identification. In HHRA, this study developed a novel method for selecting the most probable value interval (TMPVI) in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TFN) and subsequently integrated with cloud model (CM) and Monte Carlo (MC) to establish TCM, that overcame data limitations and process uncertainty of conventional HHRA including the four-step method (TFM) and triangular stochastic (TSS).</div><div>SNWTM indicated higher GWQ in unconfined water (UW) versus confined water (CW). SOM (4 clusters) and PMF (6 factors) identified a geogenic–anthropogenic interaction, with geogenic Mn and the three-nitrogen species as the dominant contributors (maximum PMF shared 59.76 % and 62.67 %, respectively). TCM indicated that the risk was higher in UW versus CW, and higher for children than for adults. In 2022–2023, the UW-children 95th-percentile output was 1.26, exceeding the risk threshold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managed Aquifer Recharge: Modeling approaches to integrated assessment of groundwater interventions","authors":"Mina Yazdani ,&nbsp;Peter van Thienen ,&nbsp;Sija F. Stofberg ,&nbsp;Marjolein H.J. van Huijgevoort ,&nbsp;Ruud P. Bartholomeus","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater resources are under increasing pressure due to water abstractions and climate change, leading to water scarcity problems and threats to groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) techniques offer a promising strategy for mitigating water scarcity problems and advancing sustainable management of groundwater resources. These measures aim at intentional recharge and storage of water in aquifers by linking periods of surplus with periods of shortage to overcome the temporal imbalance. While MAR has traditionally been implemented at local scales, growing challenges related to water scarcity and groundwater depletion have led to their increasing adoption across broader regions. This shift highlights the need for modeling approaches that can adequately represent MAR within regional water systems, emphasizing interactions with both hydrological and anthropogenic components while allowing investigation of trade-offs when planning these measures. This paper provides an overview of the modeling methodologies used to assess MAR interventions in a regional context. We begin by discussing the inherent complexity of the effects of groundwater interventions such as MAR at the regional level, particularly regarding water quantity. We then look into a range of modeling approaches available in the literature to capture these complexities, based on the modeling objective, data availability, and the required spatial and temporal scales. We further emphasize the importance of incorporating multiple levels of uncertainty throughout the planning and implementation of MAR projects and model-based analyses. Our study highlights that, despite their promise, integrated and holistic modeling approaches remain underutilized in groundwater research, including MAR, highlighting a need for broader development and adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source differentiation of co-mingled petroleum derivatives in groundwater at a historically oil-contaminated urban aquifer in South Korea","authors":"Jung-Woo Hwang ,&nbsp;Seong-Taek Yun ,&nbsp;Soonyoung Yu ,&nbsp;Kyung-Jin Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong-Eun Oh ,&nbsp;Jeong Hee Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater contamination source identification is challenging due to delayed detection and changes in fingerprints during transport. In this study, multiple methods were combined to characterize the sources of petroleum derivatives in groundwater near a subway station, where petroleum derivatives, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), have been detected for over two decades. The techniques used included hydrochemistry, oil fingerprinting, compound specific C and H isotopes, and multivariate statistical and temporal trend analysis. An integrated interpretation differentiated two contamination zones. Zone 1, near the station, showed older contamination from middle distillates, based on low total petroleum hydrocarbon levels compared to the previously high concentrations, decreasing trends of BTEX, high mole fractions of xylene, and the presence of heavier hydrocarbons. Conversely, Zone 2, to the south, revealed high BTEX concentrations, high mole fractions of benzene, and lighter hydrocarbons, indicating more recent contamination from light distillates. Anaerobic biodegradation was revealed to occur in Zone 1 based on principal component analysis (PCA), δ¹³C and δ²H of BTEX, and increasing benzene/toluene but decreasing toluene/ethylbenzene with time. Meanwhile, benzene degradation appeared recalcitrant in Zone 2. This study demonstrated that oil fingerprints and mole fractions are valuable in distinguishing sources, while PCA and isotope analysis help assess contaminant fate in groundwater when access to potential sources was limited. Combined application of these techniques, along with site history, is expected to differentiate contamination sources in urban groundwater with multiple potential sources across times and locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}