Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Hydrochemical investigation and prediction of groundwater quality in a tropical semi-arid region of southern India using machine learning","authors":"Girish Gopinath ,&nbsp;A.L. Achu ,&nbsp;A.R. Sabitha ,&nbsp;C.D. Aju ,&nbsp;M. Pragath ,&nbsp;Govind S. Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monitoring and predicting groundwater quality is essential for managing water resources, protecting public health, and mitigating environmental impacts. This study presents a comprehensive hydrogeochemical investigation aimed at understanding the general hydrochemistry, identifying the extent of saltwater intrusion and prediction of groundwater quality in the semi-arid coastal aquifers of Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. Groundwater samples were collected during both pre- and post-monsoon seasons to capture seasonal variations and groundwater quality was evaluated using the entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI) and predicted through the Random Forest (RF) machine learning technique. The findings revealed that total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeded WHO limits in 85% of samples during the pre-monsoon season and 61% during the post-monsoon season, indicating significant groundwater quality issues. Hydrogeochemical facies analysis identified Na-Cl as the dominant water type across all seasons, with a higher prevalence in coastal alluvium regions, suggesting a strong lithological influence and ongoing saline water intrusion. The EWQI coupled RF method provided high predictive accuracy, with R² values of 0.955 and 0.975 and RMSE values of 6.1 and 5.5 for the pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. In addition, results obtained from the RF-EWQI model indicated that ∼11.24% of the study area falls within the extremely poor water quality category. This zone is primarily associated with fluvial, fluvial-marine, and aeolian formations. In terms of spatial distribution, the RF-EWQI values for both seasons exhibit a parallel trend with the seawater mixing index (SMI), suggesting that the poor groundwater quality is primarily linked to the coastal alluvium aquifer. This underscores the significant impact of saline water intrusion on groundwater quality, particularly in the coastal alluvium aquifer. This integrated approach presented here offers valuable insights for improving groundwater quality assessment and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating groundwater potential in water-deficit laterite zones of Eastern India using RS and GIS techniques, combining an analytical hierarchical process for sustainable water resources management","authors":"Bidyut Barik,&nbsp;Kausik Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable groundwater management in water-deficit, laterite-dominated regions need urgent planning, which involve accurate identification of groundwater potential zones (GWPZs). While unsustainable water extraction has exacerbated groundwater availability in laterite zones, laterite is globally known for its limited groundwater potential but has received relatively little research attention. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the role of laterite formation on groundwater potentiality and its relationship with the stage of groundwater development in Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal in eastern India. This study integrated cost-effective and efficient time-saving tools like remote sensing, and GIS and to produce thematic map layers for overlay analysis and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to delineate the GWPZs precisely using n = 10 parameters, while a consistency check was performed prior to the integration of these parameters to ensure low subjectivity in the GWPZ. The three identified GWPZ classes cover 30% of ‘good’, 44% of ‘moderate’ and 26% of ‘poor’ zones. The yield data and water level fluctuation analysis revealed that 70% and 60% match the delineated GWPZs. The cross-validation with the receiver operating characteristic curve also demonstrated good (75.1%) prediction accuracy. We found that hydrogeological factors like laterite formations witness around 80% of moderate to poor GWPZ, while poor GWPZ covers half of the laterite belt. However, flood plains and valley fill deposits in the lateritic parts demonstrate moderate to good GWPZ, suggesting laterite formation at variable depths that control groundwater recharge potential. The laterite regions with lower groundwater recharge potential have experienced a 17% increase in water extraction compared to non-laterite areas. Whereas four blocks within the district are partly overlapped with laterite formations and poor GWPZ, which encounter high stages of groundwater development (70–90%), leading to semi-critical to critical conditions. It is attributed to anthropogenic perturbations and hydrogeological conditions, which need urgent planning to ensure sustainable groundwater usage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating standardized indices and performance indicators for better drought assessment in semi-arid coastal aquifers","authors":"Maria C. Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquifers in arid and semi-arid coastal regions, such as along the Mediterranean rim, are severely affected by droughts. The natural decrease in water levels is often exacerbated by excessive abstraction, resulting in both degradation of water quality and the risk of seawater intrusion. In these regions it is crucial to conduct thorough monitoring of wells, employing a wide range of indicators to forecast and mitigate the consequences of decreased precipitation and intensified pumping. This study proposes an analysis and monitoring methodology involving the calculation of performance indicators based on the Standardized Groundwater level Index (SGI), supplemented with information on the optimal accumulation time of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Atmospheric reanalysis datasets and in-situ groundwater level observations are used together to derive the groundwater system memory and find consistent optimal SPEI accumulation times at each individual location. The inverse of memory derived from the autocorrelation of the SGI is used to estimate each well's ability to recover from drought conditions. This value provides the most reliable indication of resilience and sustainability. In the Algarve, the average regional variability of groundwater level is well captured by the SPEI-12 index. However, groundwater memories and optimal SPEI accumulation times are spatially very heterogeneous varying between SPEI-5 and SPEI-48. Wells with shorter memories (&lt;6 months) demonstrate greater sustainability, whereas those with longer memories (&gt;16 months), whether situated inland or along the coast, exhibit lower resilience and lower sustainability. Coastal wells with groundwater levels close to sea level, exhibiting minimal resilience, are of particular concern and require intensified monitoring efforts to adapt management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling nitrate contamination and health risks: Insights from groundwater quality assessment and Monte Carlo simulation along the Southern Caspian Sea Coasts","authors":"Mohammad Ali Zazouli ,&nbsp;Nafiseh Dashtban ,&nbsp;Maryam Akbari Jalalvand ,&nbsp;Samaneh Jahani Kheilgavan ,&nbsp;Farhad Mashhadi Kholerdi ,&nbsp;Amin Mohammadpour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman‬ ,&nbsp;Stefan Krause ,&nbsp;Reza Dehbandi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater resources are at great risk of contamination due to increased industrial and agricultural activities, population growth and urban expansion. This study investigated factors controlling spatio-temporal variability in groundwater quality and nitrate concentration at the southern coast of Caspian Sea, Iran to provide public health risk assessment. Na-Cl (44.8%) and Ca-HCO₃ (58.6%) types water were the dominant hydrogeochemical facies in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Most of the examined groundwater samples were found unfit for drinking but appropriate for agricultural irrigation. The chemistry of groundwater predominantly influenced by combination of local lithology and ion exchange in aquifer as well as seawater intrsuin. Nitrate concentration varied from 0.05 to 200 mg/L with a mean value of 33.1 mg/L in which 13.7% and 27.5% of samples showed concentration higher than WHO's recommended value in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The highest nitrate concentrations were observed at locations in proximity to human settlements including cities, villages as well as agricultural lands. The identified pollution hotspots confirm nitrate contributions from un-treated wastewater effluents and agricultural practices with minimum contribution from industrial activities. The result of Monte Carlo simulation revealed that children were at highest risk from drinking of groundwater containing nitrate. This study highlights the urgent need for action to address the growing threat to groundwater quality and public health posed by contamination from various sources in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X24002637/pdfft?md5=54227599beec88b33c8afd41c7d48871&pid=1-s2.0-S2352801X24002637-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater potential mapping in arid and semi-arid regions of kurdistan region of Iraq: A geoinformatics-based machine learning approach","authors":"Kaiwan K. Fatah ,&nbsp;Yaseen T. Mustafa ,&nbsp;Imaddadin O. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater (GW) is a crucial and increasingly scarce natural resource, that is affected by climate change and mismanagement. To manage GW resources effectively, it is crucial to accurately identify GW potential zones (GWPZs) using modern techniques. This study aimed to employ and assess geoinformatics-based machine learning (ML) models to delineate GWPZs in the Akre district, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Six nonparametric ML models were used: a support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbours (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), gradient boost DT (GBDT), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). These models were trained on diverse GWPZ-favourable influencing factors, encompassing topographic, hydrological, geological, and environmental aspects. The findings of this study revealed that the XGBoost model outperformed the other nonparametric models in terms of best-fit performance and accuracy in generating a GW potential map (GWPM), achieving a R² of 0.88, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 11.348, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.623. Notably, over half of the study area (53%) was categorised as having high or very high GWPZs, primarily in the low-lying Rovia Plain. The study identified rainfall, elevation, lineament density (LD), drainage density (Dd), topographic wetness index (TWI), and slope as the most significant factors influencing GWPZ modelling. This study provides a comprehensive framework for GW resource management, ecological conservation, and urban development planning. These insights are crucial for stakeholders, policymakers, and local authorities in strategic resource planning and environmental stewardship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of CO2 and H2SO4 on the dissolution of a carbonate basement and alteration of silicates in a volcano-sedimentary system in central Mexico","authors":"José Iván Morales Arredondo ,&nbsp;María Aurora Armienta Hernández ,&nbsp;Itzamna Flores Ocampo ,&nbsp;Federico Landa Arreguín ,&nbsp;Isabel Pérez Martínez ,&nbsp;Juan Pérez Quezadas","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the hydrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater in the Irapuato Valley and Celaya Valley Aquifers in central Mexico, specifically focusing on the role of CO₂ in mineral alteration during water-rock interaction. The study is grounded in the principles of hydrogeochemistry and stable isotope geochemistry, analyzing the impact of CO₂ and H₂SO₄ on the weathering of carbonates and silicates. Hydrogeochemical analysis, including Piper diagrams, and isotopic measurements (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ²H), were conducted on water samples from wells in four municipalities (Irapuato, Salamanca, Villagrán, and Juventino Rosas). The data was statistically evaluated using Shapiro-Wilk tests to assess normality, skewness, and kurtosis, ensuring the reliability of the findings. The results indicate that HCO₃⁻ dominates the groundwater composition, with CO₂ and H₂SO₄ significantly influencing mineral alteration processes. The isotopic data suggest that CO₂ is primarily released from carbonate rock degassing, with slight isotopic enrichment in δ¹³C due to water-carbonate interaction. Hydrothermal fluids contribute to the geochemical evolution of the aquifer, leading to the formation of minerals such as tridymite, alunite, and kaolinite. Additionally, some groundwater samples exhibit evidence of thermalism and water-rock interactions, influencing their isotopic signatures and temperatures. These findings underscore the importance of CO₂ in groundwater chemistry and highlight the need for further studies to understand regional flow dynamics and the potential impact of geothermal systems on water quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change impact on water scarcity in the Hub River Basin, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Nabeel Aslam ,&nbsp;Saqib Ashraf ,&nbsp;Sangam Shrestha ,&nbsp;Mustajab Ali ,&nbsp;Nguyen Cong Hanh","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hub River Basin (HRB), a critical transboundary water source for Sindh and Baluchistan provinces in Pakistan, may face worsening water scarcity due to climate change and population growth. This study aims to assess the current state of water scarcity in the HRB and assesses its vulnerability to these pressures in future. To evaluate the baseline water scarcity in the HRB, a calibrated and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was established. Five General Circulation Models (GCMs) were employed to project the future climate under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) for the HRB. Sector-specific indicators were also used to assess the temporal and altitudinal sensitivity of the basin to climate change. These climate projections were incorporated in the SWAT model to simulate flows for three different periods: Early Future (EF; 2010–2039), Mid Future (MF; 2040–2069), and Far Future (FF; 2070–2099). The SWAT model results indicate significant increase in mean flows simulated by SWAT, ranging from 15.27 to 52.78 m³/s under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 compared to baseline flows at HRB. Additionally, the study examines the temporal variation in basin stress and scarcity levels using Falkenmark and Water scarcity indicators. The findings indicate a general decrease in the basin's stress and scarcity levels, potentially benefiting water users of the HRB, especially under RCP8.5. This study offers crucial insights for shaping policies and strategies to adapt to climate change and population growth, ultimately aiming to minimize their impacts on HRB's water resources. By informing water managers and promoting sustainable water management practices, this research can help prevent future conflicts over water allocation and infrastructure development linked with the HRB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing water quality of kazerun county in southwest Iran: Multi-analytical techniques, deterministic vs. probabilistic water quality index, geospatial analysis, fuzzy C-means clustering, and machine learning","authors":"Mohammad Golaki ,&nbsp;Ehsan Gharehchahi ,&nbsp;Norouz Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Majid Rashidi ,&nbsp;Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water quality is critical to human health and the environment, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, the objectives of this study were to assess drinking water quality, identify critical parameters, investigate spatial patterns, and investigate accurate predictive models for the water quality index (WQI) in the Kazerun county in southwest Iran. To address this issue using deterministic and probabilistic WQI, correlation matrix, fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering, geostatistics, and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with FIS generation by fuzzy C-Means (FCM-ANFIS) and sub-clustering (SC-ANFIS).Various software tools, including Excel, MATLAB, Python, and GIS were used to analyze groundwater data collected from 25 sampling sites. Water parameters, including pH, Cl⁻, SO₄⁻², EC, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and F⁻, were examined. The results showed that F⁻ levels were within acceptable limits set by the US EPA, but about one-third of sites posed potential health risks based on WHO guidelines. In one-third of regions, the levels of Mg²⁺ exceeded the recommended guidelines. In deterministic and probabilistic approaches, water quality was excellent in 68% and 81.3% of sites, respectively. Sobol sensitivity analysis identified SO₄⁻²&gt; Mg²⁺&gt;Cl⁻ &gt; EC &gt; F⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻ as significant WQI variables. Spearman correlation matrix shows substantial positive correlations between WQI and EC, F⁻, SO₄⁻², Mg²⁺, and Cl⁻ were shown by the Spearman correlation matrix. Based on the FCM results, the southeast and central sites (56% of sites) have similar water quality. In comparison, the northern and four central sites (28% of sites) have distinct regional features, and the southern sites (16% of sites) had unique water quality characteristics. Geostatistical analyses showed that pH had the most substantial local clustering, while SO₄⁻² had significant high-value clustering. Furthermore, hot spot research revealed specific sites with high pH, F⁻, NO₃⁻, and Cl⁻ levels. The FCM-ANFIS model outperformed the SC-ANFIS model, emphasizing FCM clustering's importance in water quality forecasting accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiocarbon dating of the natural groundwater in the Ob-Zaisan folded region (Russia)","authors":"A.N. Pyryaev ,&nbsp;D.A. Novikov ,&nbsp;A.V. Petrozhitskiy ,&nbsp;D.V. Kuleshov","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater in the Ob-Zaisan folded region (Russia) has significant differences in the stable isotope composition of oxygen and hydrogen, which cannot be explained by the geographical and relief features of the region. A probable reason for these differences could be climatic changes in the study area over the past tens of thousands of years. The method of the radiocarbon dating can be perfectly suited in order to determine such small geological ages. The dating of waters using ¹⁴C data gives an understanding of their residence time. It will make it possible to differentiate periods of recharge and accumulation of water in aquifers and track the changes of the water stable isotope composition over time. The estimated water age ranges from 650 to 19,000 years. The enrichment of δD and δ¹⁸O values with the decreasing of the water age indicates a gradual warming of the Novosibirsk region climate. These results logically complement the meteorological observations over the last century and may be useful for paleoclimate reconstructions of the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X24002583/pdfft?md5=1618368111e9691cb593893190d119a8&pid=1-s2.0-S2352801X24002583-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of cadmium fate and transport mechanisms during artificial recharge in agricultural regions","authors":"Himanshu Rawat,&nbsp;Kartik Jadav,&nbsp;Ajit Kumar,&nbsp;Basant Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge (AgMAR) uses agricultural lands and floodwater to enhance groundwater recharge, but its effectiveness can be hindered by heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), which pose risks to groundwater quality. Cd is particularly concerning due to its high mobility and persistence in the environment. This study investigates Cd's fate and transport in agricultural regions during MAR, focusing on sandy loam soils through batch and column experiments. Equilibrium and kinetic batch studies were conducted under varying Cd concentrations and exposure times to quantify the adsorption capacity and rate. HYDRUS-2D was used to simulate Cd's transport in soil under various ponding depths and Cd concentrations. Results showed a maximum Cd adsorption capacity of 439.58 mg/kg, with the Freundlich isotherm providing a better fit (R² = 0.98) and indicating heterogeneous adsorption sites (<em>n</em> = 0.389). The kinetic experiment indicated chemisorption as the predominant mechanism, with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 236.49 mg/kg. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (rate constant 0.0016 h⁻¹, R² = 0.99) suggested that adsorption kinetics are influenced by Cd concentration and available adsorption sites. The column experimental findings supported by HYDRUS-2D modeling successfully explained the fate and transport of Cd within the soil columns. The model fitted parameter values for Freundlich adsorption isotherm coefficient (KF), linearity factor (Nu), and kinetic rate coefficient are (α) 47.37 L/kg, 0.00389 cm³/ppm and 0.0029 min⁻¹, respectively. Modeling scenarios further elucidated the transport dynamics of Cd under simulated AgMAR conditions. Modeling scenarios indicated that with constant ponding of 5 cm over a year, Cd at 20 and 40 ppb concentrations in floodwater could potentially migrate below root zone systems. This study highlights the critical role of understanding Cd fate and transport in optimizing AgMAR systems and reducing Cd pollution risks, providing valuable insights for developing effective monitoring and management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}