Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Discrimination of potential groundwater areas using remote sensing, gravity and aeromagnetic data in Rey Bouba and environs, North Cameroon","authors":"Quentin Marc Anaba Fotze ,&nbsp;Marcelin Bikoro Bi Alou ,&nbsp;Anatole Eugene Djieto Lordon ,&nbsp;Jean Paul Sep Nlomngan ,&nbsp;Amina Aboubakar ,&nbsp;Didier Jean Blaise Haman ,&nbsp;Abdoul Aboubakar ,&nbsp;Frederic Mounsi ,&nbsp;Bello Mohaman ,&nbsp;Lydie Konga ,&nbsp;Steeve Kamdjip Mouyomou","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater exploration is required in semi-arid to arid areas especially where the public water supply network is not available due to the lack of funds. The National Development Strategy of Cameroon 2020–2030 (NDS30) highly supports the sustainable development of each region from its own natural resources. In this regard, this study aims at the identification of potential groundwater resources from the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to remote sensing, gravity and aeromagnetic data in Rey Bouba and Environs. First and foremost, several critical parameters such as surface line density, gravity line density, magnetic line density, drainage density, slope, rainfall, topographic wetness index, topographic roughness index, soil, land use land cover and normalized digital vegetation index, were generated, assigned weights and merged to obtain the groundwater potential of the study area. As a result, 24.8 % of the study area exhibits very low and low groundwater potential while 71.93 % of the study area has moderate groundwater potential water. High and very high groundwater potential zones cumulate 3.27 % of the research area. Accordingly, considerable potential groundwater resources were identified in the vicinity of Sagdje, Bandjoukri, and Tchollire. The correlation of existing wells with the groundwater potential map shows that most productive wells are connected with moderate groundwater potential zones while most unproductive wells are linked to low groundwater potential areas. Furthermore, 3 profiles extracted from the potential field data were used to realize the 2D geological modeling. Hence, the subsurface geological architecture of the study area shows that the depth to the top of the basement or the depth to the bottom of the sedimentary cover varies from 100 to 2600 m, 100–2700 m and 0–1400 m for profiles P₁, P₂, and P₃, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing nano zero-valent iron impregnated biochar for removal of hexavalent chromium from water: An assessment through Box-Behnken optimization, kinetics, and isotherm studies","authors":"Gourav Mondal ,&nbsp;Panchanan Sahoo ,&nbsp;Sonali Banerjee ,&nbsp;Rupsha Nandi ,&nbsp;Chandan Ghosh ,&nbsp;Jajati Mandal ,&nbsp;Pradip Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study focuses on synthesizing an ecofriendly biochar-supported nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and evaluating its efficacy in removing hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from aquatic systems under different experimental conditions. The study identifies the optimal conditions that have a substantial impact on Cr(VI) removal efficiency under different experimental sets including adsorbent dose (0.5 g L⁻¹ to 2 g L⁻¹), Cr(VI) concentration (20 mg L⁻¹ to 100 mg L⁻¹) and pH (2–8). The interactive impacts of important variables like pH, initial chromium concentration, composite doses, temperature, and time was assessed through response surface methodology (RSM) based on box-behnken design (BBD). The nZVI–biochar composite demonstrates superior performance compared to nZVI and biochar individually and highest removal efficiency was observed at pH 2. The second-order polynomial model for biosorption validated through ANOVA, have a high coefficient of determination (R² ≥ 0.98). Temkin and Sips models fit well with equilibrium data, suggesting multi-molecular layer adsorption, while pseudo-second order rate kinetics indicated chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Furthermore, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of Cr(VI) on the adsorbent surface, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the contribution of functional groups in the binding mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemistry, water quality, and potential human health risk assessment of groundwater in a drought-prone area, Bangladesh","authors":"Shamim Ahmed ,&nbsp;Khondaker Emamul Haque ,&nbsp;Md. Moniruzzaman ,&nbsp;Most. Afroza Khatun Suborna ,&nbsp;Tasnim Abdary Anonna ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Quaiyum Bhuyian ,&nbsp;Md. Ariful Ahsan ,&nbsp;Abdul Hadi Al Nafi Khan ,&nbsp;Md. Masud Karim ,&nbsp;M.A. Kasem","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensifying issue of water contamination poses a growing threat in developing, industrialized, and agricultural regions, endangering the environment, human health, and economic development. Therefore, understanding the recharge mechanisms, hydrogeochemistry, water quality, and groundwater risk assessment is crucial for effective water resource management. Forty-five water samples were analyzed for their isotopic and chemical compositions to evaluate the sources of recharge and suitability. The study area is divided into the Younger Ganges Floodplain (YGF), Older Mahananda Floodplain (OMF), and Pleistocene Barind Tract (BT), which exhibit heterogeneous aquifer thicknesses, subsurface geology, and varying recharge dynamics. Cation concentrations followed the order of Ca²⁺&gt;Na⁺&gt;Mg²⁺&gt;K⁺, while the dominant anions were HCO₃⁻ &gt; Cl⁻ &gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻ &gt; NO₂⁻. Most parameters were within standard limits, where elevated concentrations were attributed to <strong>natural processes (e.g., silicate weathering, cation exchange, and carbonate dissolution)</strong> and <strong>anthropogenic sources (e.g., fertilizer use and sewage leakage).</strong> Isotopic analysis revealed active rainfall recharge in the YGF aquifer, while the BT demonstrated no recent recharge, likely due to the presence of a thick, impermeable clay layer. The OMF, on the other hand, exhibited both recently recharged and stagnant water, reflecting spatial heterogeneity in aquifer characteristics. Piper and Chadha diagrams classified the groundwater as Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–HCO₃^- type, indicating temporary hardness. Hydrogeochemistry was predominantly influenced by ion exchange, rock-water interactions, and the dissolution of calcite and dolomite. The Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI) values revealed good water quality in BT, unsuitability in YGF, and good to poor quality in OMF. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessments revealed arsenic as the highest risk, followed by NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, Mn, and Fe, with children facing greater exposure than other groups. Non-carcinogenic risk limits were exceeded in 53.33 % of samples for both children and females and in 33.33 % for males. To mitigate these risks, strategies should focus on improved agricultural practices, reduced fertilizer application, modified irrigation methods, and public awareness campaigns. This study provides valuable insights into groundwater conditions in Chapai Nawabganj, contributing to sustainable water resource management and the protection of public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of current inland desalination of moderately saline brackish groundwater for expansion of irrigated agriculture","authors":"Mahmoud Khedher ,&nbsp;Vinod Phogat ,&nbsp;Christopher W.K. Chow ,&nbsp;Neil Palmer ,&nbsp;Julien Anese ,&nbsp;Amy Tucker ,&nbsp;Paul Petrie ,&nbsp;Ben van den Akker ,&nbsp;Raufdeen Rameezdeen","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Irrigated agriculture faces significant challenges due to global freshwater scarcity, impacting sustainability and food security. This has increased pressure on groundwater extraction in inland areas to meet the growing demand for irrigation water. This, combined with increasing risk for groundwater salinization, has made desalination of moderately saline brackish groundwater (i.e., total dissolved solids from 3000 to 10,000 mg/L) a key water source for agriculture. However, the high cost of current inland desalination systems may impact crop profitability and their sustainability for agricultural use. This review proposes approaches for developing cost-effective inland desalination systems using moderately saline brackish groundwater, highlights current challenges, and identifies research gaps. This has been achieved through studying three main areas: i) identifying crops that have lower susceptibility to risks associated with the desalinated water cost; ii) evaluating viability of current commercial desalination technologies based on water cost and crop requirements for irrigation; and iii) assessing brine management methods as this could significantly impact its feasibility. Focusing on high-value crops, particularly greenhouse vegetables, and advanced technologies to enhance water-use efficiency is crucial for agriculture using desalinated water. Brackish water RO with recovery rate ≤40 % and shallow-well brine injection, despite restrictions due to current regulations, is a potential opportunity for cost-effective inland desalination. Future research should address critical aspects such as optimal operational conditions and impacts on groundwater aquifers for effective implementation of the system. Alternatively, a High Recovery RO system (i.e., 95 % recovery rate) can make evaporation ponds a potentially cost-effective option for inland desalination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable adsorbents: Metal oxide-biochar nanocomposites from Maize Stalks and Wild Tamarind residues for dye removal and phytotoxicity assessment","authors":"Ruba Munir ,&nbsp;Amna Muneer ,&nbsp;Gadah Albasher ,&nbsp;Faheem Abbas ,&nbsp;Saima Noreen","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution arising from textile dye-based wastewater poses a significant concern within the industrial and scientific communities, given its profound impact on ecosystems. This study focuses on enhancing decontamination capabilities and broadening the scope of constructed wetlands. The study explores the potential of constructed wetland substrates that incorporate Wild Tamarind -mediated metal oxide-coated biochar for the removal of Reactive Golden Yellow-145 (RY-145) dye. Characterizations were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Optimization of various operational parameters were carried out. Results revealed that CuO-CBC (83.15 mg g⁻¹), MgO-CBC (79.24 mg g⁻¹), ZnO-CBC (69.20 mg g⁻¹), MnO₂-CBC (65.01 mg g⁻¹), and CBC (54.72 mg g⁻¹) demonstrated the highest adsorption capacities. The analysis included various isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic models. Maximum desorption was also achieved. The study also assessed the potential efficacy of nano-adsorbents in removing dye from real textile effluent and conducted phytotoxicity investigation on Pea seeds and Lemongrass to evaluate their environmental sustainability. Constructed wetlands exhibited higher removal efficiency compared to batch adsorption when incorporating green nano-biochar composites as substrates. Therefore, these promising green adsorbents hold significant potential for dye adsorption and serve as substrates for wetlands, contributing to the treatment of textile wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning prediction of allelochemical inhibition ratio (IR) on Microcystis aeruginosa growth","authors":"Zobia Khatoon ,&nbsp;Suiliang Huang ,&nbsp;Zhi Guo ,&nbsp;Adeel Ahmed Abbasi ,&nbsp;Ehtasham Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study consolidates a dataset of 83 allelochemicals derived from plant parts, microbes, marine organisms and agricultural byproducts, underscoring their ecological relevance. While allelopathic inhibition is a promising process for suppressing HABs, current research exhibits inconsistencies in elucidating its underlying mechanism. Furthermore, the field remains constrained by a lack of systematic comparisons among machine learning (ML) models. To bridge these gaps, we integrated multi-source experimental data and employed diverse ML algorithms to predict allelochemical inhibition ratio (%) against <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>. This methodology pinpoints critical variables for optimizing treatment efficacy and addresses key limitations of conventional experimental approaches. Through quantitative analysis, novel insights into feature importance and inhibition dynamics are established, significantly advancing predictive accuracy in HAB management. Statistical analysis of the dataset revealed an average inhibition ratio of 54 %, with values ranging from 10 % to 100 %. Among evaluated ML models, Random Forest, Bagging, and Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressors showed superior performance in predicting inhibition ratio (%). From a dataset of 83 allelochemicals classified into 15 categories, exposure concentration, exposure time, algal biomass, linoleic acid microspheres, flavonoids, and plant extracts were identified as most influential factors affecting inhibition efficiency. Notably, <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> inhibition was highly sensitive to shorter exposure durations (10–12 days), lower algal biomass (optimal at 1 × 10⁷ cells/mL), and concentrations exceeding 0.05 g/L. The exponential growth phase emerged as a critical window for bloom controlling. Overall, this framework offers a data-driven foundation for policy-makers and researchers to design targeted biocontrol strategies, mitigating the ecological and economic threats posed by HABs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History and assessment of household Arsenic Biosand Filter interventions in Nepal: Over two decades of efforts and challenges","authors":"Maiko Sakamoto ,&nbsp;Gyanprakash Yadav ,&nbsp;Bandevi Yadav ,&nbsp;Makhan Maharjan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic contamination found in groundwater poses a significant number of health risks, particularly within rural regions of developing countries. In Nepal, the introduction of the Arsenic Biosand Filter (ABF) as a household-level intervention aimed to mitigate arsenic exposure in the arsenic-affected Terai region. Despite its initial promise, questions remain regarding the filter's long-term performance, user awareness, and the sustainability of its dissemination. This study examines the historical development, implementation, and current status of ABFs in the Nawalparasi West District—a commonly known arsenic hotspot—over more than two decades. It is conducted through an integrated review of past documentation; oral histories of involved personnel; and household surveys, which includes an evaluation of filter performance. Among 1044 active ABFs tested, 17 % of raw water samples from tube wells exceeded 50 μg/L, while 4.3 % of filtered water samples still failed to meet Nepal's standard. Filter effectiveness decreased linearly as arsenic concentrations increased. While arsenic contamination in groundwater was generally limited, highly contaminated areas were concentrated in specific locations, necessitating targeted interventions that can effectively address localized risks. Findings reveal low arsenic awareness among users (80 % of which being unaware) and significant disparities in the provided filters, which were linked to both user maintenance practices and supply chain quality. Nevertheless, the study underscores the contributions of local initiatives and scale-up efforts in advancing sustainable arsenic mitigation through coordinated actions and entrepreneurship in the dissemination of ABFs. The results advocate for improved awareness programs targeted at groups with lower educational attainment, enhanced product monitoring by coordinating agencies, and affordable water quality testing mechanisms to ensure long-term sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar and groundwater resources assessment for the installation of photovoltaic pumping systems in the state of Piauí, Brazil","authors":"Fabrício Higo Monturil de Morais ,&nbsp;Marcos Antônio Tavares Lira ,&nbsp;Wilza Gomes Reis Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The state of Piauí, especially the semi-arid rural areas, has historically suffered from water scarcity. Photovoltaic Pumping Systems (PVPS) have been adopted as an energy proposal to help populations suffering from water scarcity. The aim of this work is to carry out a feasibility study for the installation of PVPS in the state of Piauí, located in northeastern Brazil, by surveying solar and groundwater resources using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To do this, we used solar irradiation data and data on wells installed in the state of Piauí and aquifers, collected from the online data platforms of the National Meteorological Institute and the Geological Service of Brazil. Next, 10 years of solar irradiation data (2012–2023) and data from aquifer monitoring wells were analyzed both separately and together to determine the most suitable zones for installing PVPS. Visualization of these zones was made possible by using these data to create thematic maps in QGIS software, using the Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation technique. In terms of solar radiation, the state of Piauí has an annual average of 5.54 kWh/m²/day, considered excellent for producing energy using Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The state has a large number of wells, which demonstrates the high dependence on groundwater. The results found in this study indicate that the aquifers in the state of Piauí have an average depth to groundwater of approximately 19.31 m and the average well depth is 116.5 m. The average flow rate found was approximately 5.3 m³/h, and the average specific flow rate for the state was 0.87 m³/h/m, both of which are constant around the average for practically the entire state. These values result in an average Pumping Index of 287 Wh/m³. This shows that the state has great potential for using photovoltaic solar energy to pump water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of agricultural intensification on the hydrologic components for a coastal river basin using coupled hydrological model","authors":"Landa Sankarrao,&nbsp;Maheswaran Rathinasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the impacts of the changes in land use and cover (LULC) on the hydrological components was a prime factor for water resource management (SDG 6). Among the different LULC change patterns, agricultural intensification has recently been identified in various parts of the globe. The present study aims to understand the impacts of intensification of agricultural land use (Sankarrao et al.,2021) on the hydrological components within the Nagavali River Basin (NRB) catchment, India. In this context, the fully distributed hydrodynamic MIKESHE model was calibrated well from 2004 to 2014, with an NSE of 0.76 and 0.86 on daily and monthly time scales, respectively. Three scenarios were developed, namely baseline, past, and future scenarios, using three LULC maps of 1990, 2010, and 2030 to evaluate the impact of the intensification of agricultural land use on the hydrological components. The intensification of agricultural land use is due to the reduction in scrubland land use and forest land use (SDG 15) between 1990 to 2010 and 2010 to 2030, respectively. The annual average values of surface runoff, baseflow, and groundwater recharge were increased by 48.45 mm, 2.55 mm, and 22.45 mm, respectively, over the two comparison periods. On the other hand, a reduction of 59.55 mm was observed in the annual average AET at 59.55 mm/year. The Pearson correlation was used to identify the attribution of different LULC changes with hydrological components. The changes in agricultural land use positively correlate with changes in surface runoff, baseflow, and groundwater recharge, whereas actual evapotranspiration has a negative correlation. The spatial distribution of these hydrological component changes was identified at the sub-basin level. Overall, the results explained that the intensification of agricultural land use has increased surface runoff and groundwater recharge within the basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal pollution and hydrochemistry analysis of groundwater in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal and its health implications","authors":"Manisha Ghimire ,&nbsp;Naina Byanjankar ,&nbsp;Najma Bajracharya ,&nbsp;Tejendra Regmi ,&nbsp;Tista Prasai Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study conducted in Kathmandu Valley assessed water quality analyzing 50 water samples for hydrochemical parameters and heavy metals, employing rigorous quality control, data analysis with Origin software and ArcGIS, and various indices including Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy Metals Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), and Environmental Water Quality Index (EWQI), with human health risks from heavy metal exposure through Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Quotients (HQ). Piper diagram signifies, most of the selective falls under Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-HCO₃ˉ composition indicates the temporary hardness. The heavy metal parameters follow the sequences of Fe &gt; Mn &gt; Zn &gt; As &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Cd with the mean value below the National Drinking Water Quality Standards except for Fe and Mn, and substantially heterogeneous spatial distribution patterns with 60 % samples as high metal class. The WQI categorizes high levels of Mn, NH₄⁺, Fe, and Pb, while assigning lower weights to Cu and Cd based on standard values and relative weights. The WQI value shows a high significant positive correlation with other indices, while the HPI values exceeding 100 in all samples indicate that the water is unsafe for drinking. Furthermore, the study depicts non-carcinogenic health risks from heavy metal exposure beyond acceptable levels across all sites, emphasizing the need for stronger regulation and enforcement with the development of remedial strategies and rigorous health risk assessment to improve the quality and public health concerns in the studied valley and in similar regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}