Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical response of aquifers to intensive groundwater pumping for rice-rice rotation","authors":"M.G. Mostofa Amin,&nbsp;Atiqur Rahman,&nbsp;Most. Sumiya Akter,&nbsp;Md. Mamun Rana,&nbsp;Md Shariot-Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive irrigated rice cultivation is often blamed for endangering groundwater resources. Therefore, the study aims to assess the hydro-geochemical properties of the geologic formation, investigate the hydro-geophysical impacts, and quantify the groundwater recharge and nutrient leaching potential, nutrient accumulation in geologic formation, and nutrient dynamics in the aquifers. Soil samples from the geologic formation were collected at 3-m intervals. Two observation wells were used to measure water level and nutrient dynamics. Field lysimeters assessed groundwater recharge potential and nutrient leaching. A test drilling and three pumping tests revealed that a 38-m clay layer separates an upper shallow aquifer from a deep confined aquifer (storage coefficient of 0.00051 and transmissibility of 2151 m²/day). Pumping tests resulted in a 0.8–1.1 m drawdown in the deep (pumping) aquifer, but an elastic subsidence of 5.7–9.1 mm caused a decrease in the water table depth of the shallow aquifer. Groundwater level peaked in October and followed a sharp decline during the Boro rice season (January–April) because of extraction for irrigation. The nutrient concentrations in the geologic layers (0.43–1.41 g N/kg and 4.02–32.16 mg P/kg) were relatively higher with higher clay content. Nitrogen levels in groundwater increased in the wet rice season and decreased in the dry season, whereas P was higher in the dry season due to varying transport and degradation rates. The rice fields had a huge groundwater recharge potential (38–74 % of water input) and moderate nutrient leaching (1–6.7 mg N/L and 0.05–0.63 mg P/L). However, nutrient concentrations in groundwater were sometimes even higher than the leaching concentrations. These results will help create an irrigation and nutrient management plan for rice cultivation. Increasing rainfed rice production would reduce the demand for irrigated Boro rice production and can have multifaceted positive effects on agricultural water security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the implementation of green-blue infrastructure for optimising recharge in coastal aquifers","authors":"Leandro Rodrigues Capítulo ,&nbsp;Silvina C. Carretero ,&nbsp;Samanta M. Anguiano ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Dalto ,&nbsp;Eduardo E. Kruse","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal cities located on the sand-dune barrier of Buenos Aires Province have significantly grown over the last century, affecting the water balance due to rapid urbanisation and soil impermeabilization, which reduces aquifer recharge—the only source of fresh water in the region. This study aims to apply nature-based solutions through green-blue infrastructure (GBI) to optimise aquifer recharge in the Partido of Pinamar. Rain Gardens (RG) represent a promising nature-based GBI solution that enhance urban stormwater management and groundwater recharge. The research integrated geographic information systems, aerial photogrammetric surveys using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), hydrological modeling, and field monitoring through levelogger installation with 5-min measurement intervals. Controlled infiltration tests were conducted using fire trucks, and hydrochemical analysis assessed water quality changes. Results demonstrated significant improvements in recharge efficiency, particularly for low-intensity precipitation events (&lt;3.5 mm), where the ΔWT/P index increased from 5.56 to 36.27, representing a six-fold enhancement. The RG achieved a maximum infiltration capacity of 230 L/min with complete drainage within 2.6 h. Hydrochemical analysis showed complete removal (100 %) of urban pollutants including hydrocarbons, oils and fats, and methylene blue active substances, with a 7.3 % reduction in total dissolved solids. The Rain Garden achieved an annual effective recharge of 1242 m³, equivalent to daily water consumption of 4968 people. The study concludes that strategically implemented rain gardens can significantly enhance coastal aquifer recharge while providing effective stormwater treatment, representing a viable low-cost solution for developing coastal cities facing freshwater depletion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of geochemical and physicochemical factors on the spatial variation of the abundance of bacteriological contaminants in the groundwater of a Bouregreg watershed in Morocco","authors":"Ilham Nassri ,&nbsp;Hasnaa Harmouzi ,&nbsp;Anas El Ouali ,&nbsp;Latifa Tahri ,&nbsp;Safaa Khattabi Rifi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preserving the integrity of groundwater ecosystems and safeguarding their native microbial biodiversity has emerged as a critical global challenge for the sustainable management of these water resources, particularly with regard to quality and the prevention of water-borne diseases. However, the degradation of these ecosystems is increasingly attributed to the ability of non-indigenous bacteria to survive and multiply in favorable conditions often linked to geogenic and physicochemical factors. This work aims to investigate this hypothesis and to study the influence of geochemical and physicochemical factors on the contamination of groundwater in the Bouregreg watershed in Morocco. This study's novelty lies in the combined application of multiple advanced analytical techniques — namely Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), Ascending Hierarchical Classification applied to SOM (AHC-SOM), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) — to simultaneously explore the spatial and statistical relationships between bacteriological contamination and geochemical/physicochemical factors. The results indicate that, irrespective of the type of soil lithology, contamination by various non-indigenous bacteria is consistently observed. However, the underlying limestone and shales exhibited higher concentrations of total coliforms and <em>E. coli</em> than the sandstone bedrock. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between bacterial contamination and physicochemical parameters, except for organic matter. The geospatial analysis identified areas at risk in the northwestern sector with a high abundance of bacteriological contaminants (TC, FC, <em>E. coli</em> and EI), in contrast to an absence for others (SRB and V. cholerae) throughout the study region. Further investigations are recommended to study the conditions governing the survival and multiplication of SRB and <em>V. cholerae</em> and the associated environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on bioremediation and biomonitoring of microplastics: Circular bioeconomy and future perspective","authors":"Alan Shaji,&nbsp;R. Kamalesh,&nbsp;A. Saravanan,&nbsp;P.R. Yaashikaa,&nbsp;A.S. Vickram","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth in urbanization and industrialization has led to widespread utilisation of plastics, aiding in the formation of micro- and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs). These particles persist through atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic ecosystems. The pervasive nature of these particles results in a serious threat to human health and the environment due to their ability to get readily absorbed into the skin, gastrointestinal system, and respiratory tract, and start accumulating in the tissues, followed by interfering with cellular functions. The current review explores the bioremediation and biomonitoring strategies for the mitigation of microplastics. Depicting from an interdisciplinary field that combines microbial ecology, environmental biotechnology and principles of circular bioeconomy, the review describes three major bioremediation strategies, such as enzymatic degradation for particular MPs, microbial degradation for diverse MP types, and phytoremediation for high-scale removal. The current review synthesizes recent studies highlighting the limitations, effectiveness, and scalability of these methods. This study also evaluates the advanced biomonitoring tools, such as biosensors, imaging and spectroscopic studies, for tracking of microplastic distribution. The key findings reveal that bioremediation is found to be a suitable alternative, with microbial consortia and engineered enzymes demonstrating promising degradation efficiency. Integrating biomonitoring with bioremediation strategies enhances the efficiency and safety of MP removal. This study underscores the significance of developing integrated, ecosystem-specific solutions by combining remediation technologies with preventive policies. The future research should focus on standardization of optimization and monitoring protocols in bioremediation for real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative understanding of the contribution of factors on land subsidence with maximal information coefficient: a case study in Tongzhou, Beijing, China","authors":"Zhuangzhuang Liu ,&nbsp;Guangyao Duan ,&nbsp;Jijun He ,&nbsp;Moyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Menglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Binyuan Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution, evolution law and driving factors of land subsidence in Tongzhou area, we can provide scientific basis for regional disaster prediction, prevention and urban planning. This study utilized the IPTA-based SBAS-InSAR method, incorporating multiple data sources to obtain surface deformation results for Tongzhou District from 2003 to 2018, and the distribution characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution patterns of land subsidence were studied in Beijing's Tongzhou District. Additionally, using the MIC method, combined with spatial analysis techniques and statistical methods, the study analyzed the impact of factors such as groundwater levels in different aquifers and the thickness of compressible layers on land subsidence. The results revealed that land subsidence in Beijing's Tongzhou District is unevenly distributed, with major subsidence areas concentrated in BMAC and Taihu. During the study period, surface deformation rates ranged from −147 to 24 mm/yr, showing an initial acceleration followed by a deceleration trend. The third and fourth aquifers were identified as the dominant factors influencing changes in land subsidence, and interactions between different aquifers may also play a role. For varying compressible thicknesses, the second and third layers were the primary contributors to land subsidence. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of land subsidence in Tongzhou District, offering a foundation for further research and informing decision-making for sustainable urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation without participation? Moroccan farmers' perspectives on Haouz Mejjat aquifer contract","authors":"Rachida El Mansoum,&nbsp;Tarik Chfadi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unsustainable groundwater extraction practices have led to a sharp deterioration of the water table, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In Morocco, the government has implemented certain preventive measures, including Participatory Groundwater Management Contracts (PGMCs). This study aims to enhance our understanding of farmers’ decision-making in the context of participatory groundwater management. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with certain farmers in the Haouz-Mejjate aquifer. This study adopts a qualitative approach to shed light on the common challenges faced by farmers, notably water scarcity and climate change. The novelty of this study lies in assessing the effectiveness of PGMCs in North Africa. Most important, we provide new insights regarding the factors that seem to influence farmers' perspectives and behaviors. Another novelty lies in applying the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) framework to the analysis of perspective of farmers, enabling an improved understanding of the barriers to farmers collaboration with PGMCs.</div><div>The results highlight the importance of tackling these common challenges, including weak enforcement, insufficient data and information, and limited stakeholder engagement. Moreover, our findings suggest that the limited involvement of farmers in the design and implementation of PGMCs reflects a top-down governance model that undermines both trust in institutions and the effectiveness of PGMCs. Finally, our results underscore the need for targeted interventions to inform farmers clearly, give voice to them, and take into account their various perspectives as a first step to developing effective and agreeable solutions and to improving participatory groundwater governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing groundwater-surface water interactions in shallow lakes under anthropogenic stress (Pampa plain, South America): A hydrochemical and isotopic approach","authors":"Maria Eugenia Martin ,&nbsp;Verena Agustina Campodonico ,&nbsp;Karina Leticia Lecomte ,&nbsp;Andrea Inés Pasquini","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human interventions, such as land conversion, climate change and water use, significantly impact the global water cycle. Lakes and wetlands -the most abundant inland water bodies- are particularly affected. This study assessed the impacts of anthropogenic interventions on the hydrological dynamics and surface water-groundwater interactions in artificially connected shallow lakes of the Southern Pampa plain (La Chanchera-La Brava system). A small, unconnected lake (Médano de Castro lake) was also analyzed. The canal-connected lakes and associated groundwater are alkaline (mean pH 8.6), brackish (TDS from 1.6 to 13.2 g L⁻¹), and of the sodium-chloride/sodium-non-dominant type, exhibiting minimal seasonal variations. In contrast, the unconnected Médano de Castro lake has sodium bicarbonate-type waters, with salinity increasing from 6.7 g L⁻¹ in the dry (austral winter) to 12.3 g L⁻¹ in the wet (austral summer) seasons. Isotopic modeling (δ¹⁸O) applied in both La Chanchera and Médano de Castro lakes indicates that groundwater inflow occurs year-round, at rates approximately seven times higher in the wet season due to water table rising. Both lakes are throughflow systems with short water residence times (&lt;1 year), indicating a constant water exchange. The hydrochemical and isotopic evidence indicates that the Médano the Castro lake receives local groundwater recharge from the surrounding dunes, imparting a bicarbonate signature and preventing its desiccation. In contrast, the canal-connected La Chanchera lake receives the input from regional groundwater with a chloride-sulfate composition. This study highlights the importance of understanding lake-groundwater dynamics in regions facing agricultural expansion and climate pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochar from Sotol bagasse for groundwater remediation of arsenic and fluoride contaminants","authors":"Pamela Eli Silva-Escalante ,&nbsp;María del Rosario Peralta-Pérez ,&nbsp;Beatriz Adriana Rocha-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Zavala-Díaz de La Serna ,&nbsp;Víctor Hugo Ramos-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Guillermo González Sánchez ,&nbsp;Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a promising method for converting biomass waste into functional carbonaceous materials (hydrochar) capable of adsorbing hazardous contaminants from groundwater. This study optimized the HTC process parameters (temperature and time) to produce an efficient adsorbent from Sotol bagasse (<em>Dasylirion leiophyllum</em>), targeting the simultaneous removal of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F). A 3^K full factorial design was employed to synthesize hydrochars, which were evaluated based on yield, severity factor, and adsorption capacity. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis (TGA) revealed distinct physicochemical properties among the materials. Textural parameters were acquired, attaining surface areas ranging from 2.9 to 8.9 m² g⁻¹. Adsorption tests in real groundwater demonstrated simultaneous removal capacities of 0.98 μg g⁻¹ for As and 91.95 μg g⁻¹ for F. Pareto statistical analysis identified the optimal hydrochar, synthesized at 300 °C for 80 min, as the most effective adsorbent. The effect of initial contaminant concentration was evaluated for both arsenic and fluoride, within the typical groundwater range. Adsorption isotherms were fitted into the Langmuir and the Freundlich models, providing essential parameters such as adsorption capacity and affinity constants. The hydrochar also effectively removed nickel alongside As and F. In addition, adsorption-desorption cycles were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving the contamination limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Compliance was attained in two adsorption cycles for As (0.5 g hydrochar dose). For F, increasing the adsorbent dosage attained the WHO fluoride limits without needing pH adjustment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variations in water physicochemical properties and residual chlorine concentrations and incidence of cancer in Serbia","authors":"Ana Cirovic ,&nbsp;Nemanja Stojilovic ,&nbsp;Riccardo Mazzoli ,&nbsp;Aleksandar Cirovic ,&nbsp;Tommaso Filippini","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals are exposed to local water sources through routine activities in their place of residence. Serbia consists of 26 districts with a population of approximately 6.8 million inhabitants. Individuals in different districts are exposed to varying physicochemical water quality. Irregularities in physicochemical water properties may be linked to malignant diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between the percentage of water which does not meet the standards for both physicochemical properties and residual chlorine, and standardized incidence of most common malignancies in Serbia. In 2013, 18.9 % of 76,758 water samples in Serbia were non-compliant (0 % in Kolubara, 97.4 % in Middle Banat), and in 2021, 16.5 % of 93,144 samples failed standards (0.9 % in Macva, 97.8 % in North Banat). A significant positive correlation was observed between the percentage of unsatisfactory physicochemical water samples from public water supply systems and water facilities and the standardized incidence of colon and rectal cancer in males and females, any cancer type in both sexes, and ovarian cancer in females. However, no significant correlation was observed for leukemia and pancreatic in males, brain tumors or lung cancer in both sexes. Bladder cancer in males was associated with exposure to residual chlorine which surpass recommended concentrations. Study findings suggest that exposure to water that does not meet adequate physicochemical standards may be associated with an increased risk of various cancer types, while residual chlorine above recommended standards seems associated with increased incidence of bladder cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding groundwater behaviour in urban environments: thermal and piezometric analysis in the Turin city area (NW Italy)","authors":"Linda Zaniboni ,&nbsp;Domenico Antonio De Luca ,&nbsp;Elena Egidio ,&nbsp;Daniele Cocca ,&nbsp;Andrea Filipello ,&nbsp;Manuela Lasagna","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the thermal and piezometric characteristics of the shallow aquifer in the Turin metropolitan area (north-western Italy), focusing on the dynamics and management of groundwater (GW) resources. The analysis includes data collected by the regional monitoring network in Turin and surrounding areas between 2010 and 2022. During this period, an average decrease in the water table of approximately 1 m and an increase in the GW temperature (GWT) of approximately 0.5 °C were observed. The GWT and water table data were also measured during three field campaigns in 2022 using a network of 31 monitoring points in the city of Turin. The data show that GW flows from west to east towards the Po River, with values ranging from 240 m a.s.l. to approximately 210 m a.s.l. Moreover, a decrease in the water table depth throughout the monitored year was observed. The GWT increases from west to east in the flow direction, with values ranging from 13 °C to 17.5 °C. The temperature profiles and the spatial distribution show typical seasonal dynamics following air temperature fluctuations. Seasonal variations are diminished by the saturated and unsaturated zones, with the GWT stabilising below 4–6 m from the water table and 20 m below ground level. This comprehensive analysis highlights the impact of anthropogenic activities and climate change on GWT and emphasises the need for improved monitoring and management strategies to protect GW resources, especially in urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}