Hydrogeochemical response of aquifers to intensive groundwater pumping for rice-rice rotation

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI:10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101485

M.G. Mostofa Amin, Atiqur Rahman, Most. Sumiya Akter, Md. Mamun Rana, Md Shariot-Ullah

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Abstract

Extensive irrigated rice cultivation is often blamed for endangering groundwater resources. Therefore, the study aims to assess the hydro-geochemical properties of the geologic formation, investigate the hydro-geophysical impacts, and quantify the groundwater recharge and nutrient leaching potential, nutrient accumulation in geologic formation, and nutrient dynamics in the aquifers. Soil samples from the geologic formation were collected at 3-m intervals. Two observation wells were used to measure water level and nutrient dynamics. Field lysimeters assessed groundwater recharge potential and nutrient leaching. A test drilling and three pumping tests revealed that a 38-m clay layer separates an upper shallow aquifer from a deep confined aquifer (storage coefficient of 0.00051 and transmissibility of 2151 m²/day). Pumping tests resulted in a 0.8–1.1 m drawdown in the deep (pumping) aquifer, but an elastic subsidence of 5.7–9.1 mm caused a decrease in the water table depth of the shallow aquifer. Groundwater level peaked in October and followed a sharp decline during the Boro rice season (January–April) because of extraction for irrigation. The nutrient concentrations in the geologic layers (0.43–1.41 g N/kg and 4.02–32.16 mg P/kg) were relatively higher with higher clay content. Nitrogen levels in groundwater increased in the wet rice season and decreased in the dry season, whereas P was higher in the dry season due to varying transport and degradation rates. The rice fields had a huge groundwater recharge potential (38–74 % of water input) and moderate nutrient leaching (1–6.7 mg N/L and 0.05–0.63 mg P/L). However, nutrient concentrations in groundwater were sometimes even higher than the leaching concentrations. These results will help create an irrigation and nutrient management plan for rice cultivation. Increasing rainfed rice production would reduce the demand for irrigated Boro rice production and can have multifaceted positive effects on agricultural water security.

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水稻-水稻轮作中高强度抽取地下水对含水层水文地球化学的响应

广泛的灌溉水稻种植常被指责为危及地下水资源的罪魁祸首。因此，本研究旨在评价地质地层的水文地球化学性质，研究水文地球物理影响，量化地下水补给和养分淋滤潜力、地质地层中养分积累和含水层中的养分动态。地质地层土壤样品每隔3米采集一次。利用2口观测井测量水位和养分动态。现场溶渗仪评估地下水补给潜力和养分淋滤。试验钻井和3次抽水试验表明，38 m粘土层将上部浅层含水层与深部承压含水层分隔开（蓄水系数0.00051，渗透率2151 m2/天）。抽水试验导致深层（抽水）含水层下陷0.8 ~ 1.1 m，但浅层含水层弹性下陷5.7 ~ 9.1 mm导致地下水位下降。地下水水位在10月达到峰值，随后在水稻种植季节（1 - 4月）由于抽水灌溉而急剧下降。地质层中营养物质浓度（0.43 ~ 1.41 g N/kg和4.02 ~ 32.16 mg P/kg）相对较高，粘土含量较高。地下水氮含量在旱季增加，在旱季减少，而磷含量在旱季较高，这是由于不同的运输和降解速率造成的。稻田具有巨大的地下水补给潜力（占水量的38 ~ 74%）和中等的养分淋失（1 ~ 6.7 mg N/L和0.05 ~ 0.63 mg P/L）。然而，地下水中的养分浓度有时甚至高于淋滤浓度。这些结果将有助于制定水稻种植的灌溉和养分管理计划。增加雨养水稻产量将减少对灌溉水稻生产的需求，并可对农业水安全产生多方面的积极影响。

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来源期刊

Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

10.20%

发文量

152

期刊介绍： Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.