Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Mapping groundwater dependent ecosystems potential for sustainable management of aquifers","authors":"Despoina Charchousi ,&nbsp;Gkeralnto Kolitsi ,&nbsp;Nikolaos K. Mellios ,&nbsp;Maria P. Papadopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) mapping is critical to optimize their management and to preserve the related services. The effective use of cutting-edge technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies is extensively proposed to facilitate GDEs mapping. This study introduces a comprehensive GDEs mapping methodology that integrates GIS and remote sensing with a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach. The proposed methodology aims to enhance the practicality of the existing MCA-based GDEs mapping approaches by (a) identifying a set of criteria that account for the interdependence and complementarity of inputs, and (b) specifying criteria weights via objective weighting methods to eliminate the subjective influence of experts’ opinion. A coherent set of criteria is proposed as input to the developed MCA model, following a correlation assessment across a large set of parameters related to GDEs occurrence. The criteria weights are specified based on four of the most common objective weighting techniques—Mean Weight, Standard Deviation, entropy, and Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation. The proposed methodology is implemented in Chania Plain, Greece, an agricultural area characterized by a significant number of springs and a complex network of streams. The results have been validated at 13 springs; the majority of springs locations have been characterized as high to very high GDEs potential zones, with CRITIC to be proved as the most suitable weighting method. The validation results highlight the suitability of the proposed set of input criteria to reliably map GDEs in a practical, time-efficient, and cost-effective manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural engineering approaches for the removal of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances from aquatic environment: A review","authors":"Monali Priyadarshini ,&nbsp;Azhan Ahmad ,&nbsp;Mohd Salim Mahtab ,&nbsp;Saif Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Izharul Haq Farooqi ,&nbsp;Norma Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of fluorinated artificial chemicals manufactured substantially for commercial and industrial uses in recent decades due to their remarkable hydrophobicity and stability. The PFAS contains numerous carbon-fluorine linkages, making them highly resilient to chemical and biological destruction. Conventional water and wastewater treatment plants do not effectively remove PFAS; as a result, PFAS make their way to aquatic ecosystems. Significant attempts have been made in the past few years to develop efficient techniques for removing PFAS. For instance, methods such as thermal treatment, adsorption, filtration, chemical oxidation, and reduction have significant drawbacks, including high cost, excessive use of energy, and unsuitable for <em>in-situ</em> treatment. The current review emphasized the suitability of natural engineering techniques, such as fungal and algae degradation, microbial bioremediation, constructed wetlands, bio-electrochemical techniques, and green adsorption methods for removing PFAS. This review covers the specific mechanism, removal efficiency, and pros and cons of each technology. A thorough economic analysis and the pilot-scale investigations are also presented at the end. Further details regarding the existing obstacles to the field's implementation along with future research directions for each technology, are provided. Overall, this paper provides an in-depth and up-to-date review for industry experts and researchers in this field that could facilitate easy access to knowledge and valuable insights into research possibilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoride removal from groundwater by a wide range of nanoparticles: Identification of selective nanoparticle and interfering water quality parameters","authors":"Vijesh Prajapat,&nbsp;Trishikhi Raychoudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluoride (F⁻) contamination in drinking water is a major problem in many parts of the world. In India, millions of people are exposed to F⁻ contamination. Thus, it is important to assess the regional groundwater quality and the performance of potential nanoparticles (NPs) in removing F⁻ under those natural groundwater conditions. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess the regional groundwater quality of F⁻ contaminated zones, (ii) to evaluate the performance of different metallic NPs in removing F⁻ and identify the promising NPs under natural groundwater conditions, and (iii) to identify the groundwater quality parameters impacting the performance of NPs. To achieve the objective, the groundwater samples are first collected from a few districts within Rajasthan, India, and then the water quality parameters are assessed. A series of experiments are conducted to evaluate the F⁻ removal efficiencies by a wide range of NPs under both de-ionized (DI) water and natural groundwater conditions. The outcome of this study indicates that the groundwater in most of the water samples in the region is unfit for consumption as it exceeds the permissible limits (Bureau of Indian Standards, BIS) for total dissolved solids (TDS, 2035 mg/L), hardness (699 mg/L), alkalinity (504 mg/L) and F⁻ (3.56 mg/L) concentration. The performance of NPs in removing F⁻ (as sorption capacity, mg/g) follows the order of nAl₂O₃ ∼ nZnFe₂O₄ &gt; nZnO ∼ nMgO.Al₂O₃&gt; nMgO &gt; nCeO₂ &gt; nLa₂O₃&gt; nAlCeO₃&gt; nFe₂O₃ ∼ nAl₂TiO₅ &gt; n(CeO₂).(ZrO₂) under DI water conditions. However, under F⁻ contaminated natural groundwater, nLa₂O₃ nanoparticle shows promising performance with reasonable sorption capacity (11.12 ± 2.0 mg/g). Amongst the water quality parameters, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, hardness and TDS have the most adverse effect on F⁻ sorption. The lower value of F⁻ concentration in the groundwater is another factor limiting the F⁻ sorption capacities. In summary, it could be inferred that nLa₂O₃ is a promising NP, which could be applied in different forms in water filters for F⁻ removal from natural conditions. Moreover, pre-treatment of raw water for TDS and hardness reduction might be necessary. Overall, the study aims to control drinking water quality by targeting F⁻ contamination, especially under water-stressed semi-arid regions, which is aligned with the SDGs of Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6) and Good Health and Well–Being (SDG 3).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficiency of Iran's sectoral policies through the lens of GEFL (Groundwater Energy Food Land) Nexus in comparison with the sectoral view","authors":"Atena Mirzaei ,&nbsp;Bahram Saghafian ,&nbsp;Alireza Nouri ,&nbsp;Mohamadreza Fadaei Tehrani","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Middle Eastern countries, water security is a major concern due to arid and warm climates. In Iran, water supply challenges have led to the adoption of National Policy Statements targetting sustainable water resources management. While these policies span the energy, food, and land, i energy, food, and land sectors;, their interdependencies have not been comprehensively assessed. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Iran's sectoral policies through the Groundwater-Energy-Food-Land Nexus framework. A conceptual model is developed to compare outcomes under Nexus-based and sectoral priority approaches. Four scenarios were assessed, including programmable groundwater volume limitation, unauthorized groundwater and electric energy consumption prevention, cultivation patterns, and routine groundwater abstraction. Scenario 3 achieves 100 % of the food target but requires 51 % more groundwater and 11 % more energy than sustainable limits. Scenario 2 meets 52 % of the food target while adhering to groundwater limits but exceeds energy consumption by 22 %. Scenario 1 supplies 92 % of the food target but surpasses groundwater and energy limits by 12 % and 7 %, respectively. Scenario 4, the most sustainable option, produces 60 % of the food target while maintaining groundwater and energy sustainability. These findings underscore the necessity of integrated, cross-sectoral policy frameworks to balance resource sustainability with development objectives in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in vulnerability across aquifer layers in a heterogeneous aquifer system","authors":"Collins Kissi Asante-Sasu ,&nbsp;Jon Turk ,&nbsp;Seann McClure ,&nbsp;Alexandra McLarty","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System (CPRAS) is a layered basalt aquifer system that underlies the Columbia River Basin in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The CPRAS covers a large spatial area and is undergoing water level declines that threaten water supply. It supports agriculture, economic development, and ecological systems. The heterogeneity of the aquifer system means each aquifer layer is experiencing different levels of groundwater storage change even at the same location. The goal of this study is to evaluate the magnitude and spatial variability of groundwater declines and vulnerability across the aquifer layers. We computed groundwater level trends using the Sen Slope estimator, in each aquifer layer and by subareas in the Washington portion of the CPRAS. The trends are projected into the future and combined with changes in available drawdown to evaluate groundwater vulnerabilities in the present (2020) and the future (2040) for each aquifer layer. The vulnerability assessment only uses trends that are statistically significant at a 95 % confidence level based on the Mann-Kendall test. The largest groundwater level declines were observed in the Grande Ronde aquifer layer, with a mean decline of 1.86 ft/yr, followed by the Wanapum aquifer layer with a mean decline of 1.61 ft/yr. Declines within the Saddle Mountains and Overburden layers are an order of magnitude smaller, with mean declines of 0.56 ft/yr and 0.22 ft/yr, respectively. Although there were higher groundwater level declines in the Grande Ronde layer, the available drawdown of this layer is greater, leading to lower levels of vulnerability. However, in the Overburden layer, the available drawdown is small, driving higher groundwater vulnerability. Evaluating groundwater vulnerability based on the available drawdown rather than total aquifer saturated thickness gives a more realistic assessment of vulnerability because groundwater below well depths is not accessible without infrastructure changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination of potential groundwater areas using remote sensing, gravity and aeromagnetic data in Rey Bouba and environs, North Cameroon","authors":"Quentin Marc Anaba Fotze ,&nbsp;Marcelin Bikoro Bi Alou ,&nbsp;Anatole Eugene Djieto Lordon ,&nbsp;Jean Paul Sep Nlomngan ,&nbsp;Amina Aboubakar ,&nbsp;Didier Jean Blaise Haman ,&nbsp;Abdoul Aboubakar ,&nbsp;Frederic Mounsi ,&nbsp;Bello Mohaman ,&nbsp;Lydie Konga ,&nbsp;Steeve Kamdjip Mouyomou","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater exploration is required in semi-arid to arid areas especially where the public water supply network is not available due to the lack of funds. The National Development Strategy of Cameroon 2020–2030 (NDS30) highly supports the sustainable development of each region from its own natural resources. In this regard, this study aims at the identification of potential groundwater resources from the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to remote sensing, gravity and aeromagnetic data in Rey Bouba and Environs. First and foremost, several critical parameters such as surface line density, gravity line density, magnetic line density, drainage density, slope, rainfall, topographic wetness index, topographic roughness index, soil, land use land cover and normalized digital vegetation index, were generated, assigned weights and merged to obtain the groundwater potential of the study area. As a result, 24.8 % of the study area exhibits very low and low groundwater potential while 71.93 % of the study area has moderate groundwater potential water. High and very high groundwater potential zones cumulate 3.27 % of the research area. Accordingly, considerable potential groundwater resources were identified in the vicinity of Sagdje, Bandjoukri, and Tchollire. The correlation of existing wells with the groundwater potential map shows that most productive wells are connected with moderate groundwater potential zones while most unproductive wells are linked to low groundwater potential areas. Furthermore, 3 profiles extracted from the potential field data were used to realize the 2D geological modeling. Hence, the subsurface geological architecture of the study area shows that the depth to the top of the basement or the depth to the bottom of the sedimentary cover varies from 100 to 2600 m, 100–2700 m and 0–1400 m for profiles P₁, P₂, and P₃, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the effectiveness of a hydraulic barrier against seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer – the case study of Mornag aquifer","authors":"Faten Jarraya-Horriche ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Bogacki ,&nbsp;Lobna Triki","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater intrusion (SWI) is a common threat in costal aquifers. This paper presents results of a study on the present situation of SWI in the Mornag coastal aquifer and the design of a hydraulic barrier by artificial groundwater recharge using injection wells to protect the aquifer from further SWI. A combination of a 3D regional groundwater flow model and two vertical 2D density-dependent mass-transport models, both developed with FEFLOW, is used to study different variants.</div><div>Field investigations as well as model simulations confirm that currently seawater has already advanced into the aquifer to a distance of approx. 3 km from the coastline compared to the natural position at about 1 km from the sea. Without implementation of the hydraulic barrier and an ongoing groundwater overexploitation, the 3 g/l isohaline will reach the planned location of the barrier in about 25 years. According to the predictive model simulations, all analyzed operation variants can control the saline front at the current position. The required average annual injection volume to control SWI is about 6–7 million cubic meters per year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Teaching-Learning-based Optimization algorithm for appraising solute transport parameters of mobile-immobile model","authors":"Abhay Guleria ,&nbsp;Behrouz Mehdinejadiani ,&nbsp;Sumedha Chakma","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first attempt to estimate solute transport parameters of mobile-immobile (MIM) model using Teaching-Learning-based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The developed inverse model was called TLBO-MIM inverse model and tested for conservative solute transport in a highly heterogeneous long soil column and reactive solute transport in a short column filled with Glendale clay loam soil. The MIM model simulated the observed breakthrough curves (BTCs) of the conservative solute at near (100 cm) and far away (900 cm, 1000 cm, and 1200 cm) downgradient observation points of long column very well, based on the parameters estimated using the TLBO-MIM inverse model. The simulations of the BTCs of the conservative and reactive solutes in the short column of 30 cm in length further demonstrated the capabilities of the developed inverse model. Also, various statistical indicators showed the robust performance of the TLBO-MIM inverse model in estimating the solute transport parameters of the MIM model in the heterogeneous porous media. Overall, the findings from this study demonstrated that the inverse model based on the TLBO algorithm fits the MIM model well with the experimental BTCs of the conservative and reactive solutes in the heterogeneous porous media. The ability of the TLBO-MIM inverse model to maintain a high level of accuracy with a minimal error across multiple runs highlights its stability and effectiveness. Unlike many metaheuristic-based approaches, the TLBO-MIM model does not require fine-tuning algorithm-specific parameters, making it more user-friendly and efficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial clusters and temporal trends of groundwater storage in the Paranapanema River Basin, Brazil","authors":"Rodrigo Lilla Manzione ,&nbsp;Carolina Souza Brizotti","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Paranapanema River Basin (PRB) is a hydroelectrical and agricultural hub situated the southeast part of Brazil. From 2018 to 2022, a water crisis due precipitation much below the average in this hydrographic region boost a run for groundwater. It resulted in indiscriminate drilling of clandestine wells all over the basin without considering how the diminishing amounts of precipitation were affecting groundwater storage (GWS). This study used GWS satellite-based estimatives and exploratory spatial and temporal data analysis (ESTDA) to verify the presence of spatial cluster and temporal trends in the groundwater reserves of the PRB. Hot spots (spatial clusters of high values) were detected in the southeastern heads of the basin and cold spots (spatial clusters of low values) were found in the western portion of the basin, near the outlet. The time series trends detected in the dataset were not statistically significant. Although, two classes of hot spots were observed (persistent and intensifying) as well three classes of cold spots (persistent, diminishing, and sporadic). The information about where the large reserves are concentrated and how the storage changes over time increase the perception of water managers and decision makers about the potential of groundwater and the consequences of climate and human disturbances in the groundwater regime. Groundwater managements can benefit of spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater reserves to plan future exploitation, legislation, regulation and consequently increase the governance about this important natural resource.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing nano zero-valent iron impregnated biochar for removal of hexavalent chromium from water: An assessment through Box-Behnken optimization, kinetics, and isotherm studies","authors":"Gourav Mondal ,&nbsp;Panchanan Sahoo ,&nbsp;Sonali Banerjee ,&nbsp;Rupsha Nandi ,&nbsp;Chandan Ghosh ,&nbsp;Jajati Mandal ,&nbsp;Pradip Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study focuses on synthesizing an ecofriendly biochar-supported nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and evaluating its efficacy in removing hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from aquatic systems under different experimental conditions. The study identifies the optimal conditions that have a substantial impact on Cr(VI) removal efficiency under different experimental sets including adsorbent dose (0.5 g L⁻¹ to 2 g L⁻¹), Cr(VI) concentration (20 mg L⁻¹ to 100 mg L⁻¹) and pH (2–8). The interactive impacts of important variables like pH, initial chromium concentration, composite doses, temperature, and time was assessed through response surface methodology (RSM) based on box-behnken design (BBD). The nZVI–biochar composite demonstrates superior performance compared to nZVI and biochar individually and highest removal efficiency was observed at pH 2. The second-order polynomial model for biosorption validated through ANOVA, have a high coefficient of determination (R² ≥ 0.98). Temkin and Sips models fit well with equilibrium data, suggesting multi-molecular layer adsorption, while pseudo-second order rate kinetics indicated chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Furthermore, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of Cr(VI) on the adsorbent surface, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the contribution of functional groups in the binding mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}