Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Nitrate pollution in the shallow groundwater of a rapidly urbanizing coastal area: Insight from spatial-seasonal distribution and source identification in Xiamen, China","authors":"Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Xiangke Kong ,&nbsp;Xiongguang Li ,&nbsp;Ximing Luo ,&nbsp;Shengwei Cao ,&nbsp;Xiujian Hu ,&nbsp;Yasong Li ,&nbsp;Yinglan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrate (NO₃⁻) pollution in groundwater has become an increasingly serious problem in rapidly urbanized coastal areas. However, the complex hydrogeology and intensive human activities complicate the identification of NO₃⁻ sources and pollution characteristics, constraining the groundwater resources protection. This study investigated the spatial-seasonal distribution and origin of NO₃⁻ in 39 shallow groundwater wells across diverse land-use types during both wet and dry seasons in Xiamen, a typical coastal city in China. Results showed 48.7 % of groundwater samples exceeded the WHO guideline of 11.3 mg/L NO₃⁻-N. High NO₃⁻ concentration greatly affected the hydrochemical types, with 32 % of samples classified as NO₃⁻-N (meq % ≥ 25) dominant groundwater. Significant spatiotemporal variations in NO₃⁻ concentrations were observed across various land-use types. Notably, all samples exceeding the 11.3 mg/L NO₃⁻-N threshold clustered within a 10 km coastal zone of high population density. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed positive correlations (p &lt; 0.05) among NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻, suggesting a clear anthropogenic impact on groundwater quality. Nitrate and sulfate stable isotope analysis indicated sewage and manure (MS) as the primary NO₃⁻ sources. The Bayesian mixing model further quantified the MS contributions (69.7 % ± 11.7 % in wet season, 90.9 % ± 11.5 % in dry season), followed by soil nitrogen and chemical fertilizers. Nitrification was the predominant microbial process responsible for NO₃⁻ accumulation in groundwater. This study demonstrates that integrating land-use patterns with hydrochemical and isotopic data provides an effective strategy for identifying the origins of NO₃⁻ pollution in urbanized coastal aquifers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater transit time distributions in the Pampean loess of Argentina: Insights from a multi-tracer approach (85Kr, CFCs, SF6, 3H/3He and 39Ar)","authors":"Alejandro Basaldúa ,&nbsp;Daniel Martínez ,&nbsp;Douglas Kip Solomon ,&nbsp;Takuya Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Zheng-Tian Lu ,&nbsp;Mauricio Quiroz-Londoño ,&nbsp;Emiliano Alcaraz ,&nbsp;Guo-Min Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater transit times in the unconfined to semi-confined Pampeano aquifer were assessed using eight environmental tracers (⁸⁵Kr, ³⁹Ar, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF₆, ³H and tritiogenic ³He) measured in 17 piezometers at different depths in southeastern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Age distributions were derived by inverse modeling with lumped parameter models (LPMs) and the tracers’ historical input functions. Results indicate slow and complex groundwater flow, with a wide range of ages and older water than expected for a simple unconfined aquifer conceptual model. Between 0 and 10 m below the water table, 35% of groundwater lacks young groundwater tracers (ages &gt; ∼60 years); between 10 and 20 m, over 60%; and below 30 m, more than 99%. A single ³⁹Ar measurement at 22–48 m depth indicates a mean age of 170 years, though this is likely an underestimate. Inverse modeling of ³H, ³He and ³H/³H₀ ratios suggests unsaturated zone transit times ranging from 3 to 37 years, exceeding estimates based on simple advective calculations and pointing to retarding layers and preferential winter recharge. These findings highlight the role of dispersion, sedimentological heterogeneity and low-permeability horizons in controlling groundwater age and recharge, with implications for contaminant vulnerability and resource sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting groundwater safe yield for integrated water and environmental systems planning","authors":"Farhad Daliri ,&nbsp;Vijay P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional groundwater safe yield (SY), typically defined as a fixed recharge-based value, has proven inadequate for sustainable management, because it overlooks capture dynamics, ecological thresholds, social constraints, and multiple forms of uncertainty. This review reframes SY as a dynamic SY (SY_d)—a flexible, negotiated boundary within coupled socio-ecological–hydrological–hydraulic (SEHS) systems. An integrated conceptual framework is proposed that combines Permissible Inevitable Instability (PII) bands, the extended Representative Elementary Watershed (REW) balance, and the Integrated System Management (ISM) concept, while explicitly incorporating an ambiguity component (S_Amb) representing classical, linguistic, and unknown uncertainties. Within this structure, SY_d is expressed as variable probability bands constrained by PII, which defines the optimal range of acceptable water table fluctuation (AWTF) under SEHS limits. A synthesis of 14 recent case studies shows that although advances in numerical modeling, climate-informed recharge estimation, remote sensing, and AI-based forecasting have improved SY estimation, they remain insufficient without participatory monitoring, transparent allocation rules, and enforceable triggers. Cross-case comparison reveals persistent gaps across SEHS dimensions, including underrepresentation of ecological limits, limited operationalization of uncertainty, and governance barriers that often dominate hydrological logic. The proposed framework addresses these gaps by linking sustainability indicators, scenario stress-testing, and illustrative trigger-based elements into a unified conceptual structure. The review concludes with research priorities emphasizing multi-metric observatories, hybrid climate–groundwater modeling, and institutional reforms to codify PII limits. Overall, the framework shifts groundwater management from targeting a single static number to managing bounded, acceptable instability, aligning groundwater use with real-world variability and long-term sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobilization and enrichment mechanisms of high-iodine groundwater in arid and semi-arid regions","authors":"Xuedong Yang ,&nbsp;Lu Li ,&nbsp;Xuemin Han ,&nbsp;Shaogang Dong ,&nbsp;Yaxin Ji ,&nbsp;Fulai Hou ,&nbsp;Pingshun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2026.101627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-iodine groundwater has become a global public health concern due to its widespread distribution and the significant health risks associated with long-term consumption. However, systematic understanding of the migration, transformation, and enrichment mechanisms of iodide in groundwater remains limited. This study uses the western Xilingol League, China, as a case area to clarify the dominant forms, mobilization behavior, and main hydrogeochemical controls of iodine in shallow groundwater. The results show that iodide concentrations are negatively correlated with redox potential (Eh), and their spatial distribution is generally consistent with that of chemical oxygen demand (COD), indicating that reducing conditions and organic matter are important factors promoting iodine mobilization. Influenced by regional hydrodynamic conditions, water-rock interactions, and evaporative concentration, iodide is enriched mainly in groundwater discharge zones and low-lying closed depressions. Thermodynamic modeling confirms that iodide is the most stable iodine species under the observed hydrogeochemical conditions of the study area. Surface complexation modeling reveals that iodide is primarily adsorbed onto hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) surfaces via an outer-sphere mechanism. Its adsorption capacity decreases with increasing pH and ionic strength, while bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and sulfate (SO₄²⁻) enhance iodide mobility through competitive adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global distribution, synergistic interactions, and advances in in-situ remediation of prevalent heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater systems","authors":"Diksha Dangwal ,&nbsp;Rahul Silori ,&nbsp;Balendu Shekher Giri","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater contamination by heavy metals (HMs) is a critical environmental and public health challenge, threatening a critical source of drinking water. This review synthesizes research from the past 1.5 decades on the global occurrence, spread, mobility, interaction mechanisms and in-situ remediation of four prevalent HMs: Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Chromium (Cr), highlighting their widespread distribution and underlying causes of contamination across groundwater systems. HMs bio-mimic vital elements and disrupt biological functions. HMs may form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and destabilize DNA, RNA and protein. Findings reveal contamination is pervasive; particularly affecting South Asian and developed nations such as Italy, Canada, Spain, Australia and USA. The maximum concentration of As, which has geogenic causes as origin, was recorded at Nigeria (3.06 mg/L), followed by USA (3 mg/L). Pb contamination by anthropogenic intervention is humungous in Kenya, attaining 121.40 mg/L. The chief sources of Cr in Tamil Nadu, India, are the mining and tannery industries, with concentration peaking to 40.52 mg/L. Cd contamination, caused by anthropogenic activities, reached 8 mg/L (Kenya), establishing Kenya as the hotspot of contamination. Microplastics increase metal bioaccumulation, PPCPs modify metal toxicity, HMs cause antimicrobial gene transfer, which causes greater mobility and persistence of HMs. Emerging PRB setups and novel media like sulfidated nZVI, goethite promises solutions of 90 % HM removal, electrocoagulation brought 80 % As removal in most field trials. By consolidating recent findings, this review equips researchers and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of groundwater contamination scenario, associated implications and protection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101559"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of key factors influencing groundwater in a temperate and a semi-arid regions","authors":"Mahdi Miri ,&nbsp;Mehdi Zarei ,&nbsp;Diana M. Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater depletion is a critical issue with significant impacts on water availability in diverse climatic settings. This study uses a range of statistical methods and remote-sensing techniques to investigate the factors, specifically, climatic, hydrological, and human-driven changes, that influence groundwater levels (GWLs) in aquifers in a temperate region (three aquifers in southwestern Canada) and a semi-arid region (four aquifers in southern Iran). Change point and trend analyses reveal significant declines in GWL (groundwater depletion) in one aquifer in the temperate region and in all aquifers in the semi-arid region, despite climate variables such as precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration showing minimal changes over the study period. In contrast, human-induced factors, including agricultural expansion, deforestation, and increases in the number of pumping wells, have occurred in the aquifers of both regions. The comparative design highlights contrasting resilience: Canadian aquifers exhibit partial recovery under management interventions, whereas Iranian aquifers demonstrate persistent over-extraction with limited recharge. These findings emphasize that human pressure, rather than climate, is the primary driver of depletion and that adaptive, region-specific groundwater governance is critical for sustainable management under future climate and land-use change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater vulnerability assessment of the Djibouti aquifer system (East Africa Rift System): A comparative study of DRASTIC, Hybrid-DRASTICs, and DRASTIC-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm","authors":"Mohamed Osman Awaleh ,&nbsp;Golab Moussa Omar ,&nbsp;Abdi-Basid Ibrahim Adan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Najafzadeh ,&nbsp;Christelle Marlin ,&nbsp;Magued Al-Aghbary ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdillahi Robleh ,&nbsp;Awaleh Djama Iltireh ,&nbsp;Jafar Al-Jawad ,&nbsp;Moussa Mohamed Waberi ,&nbsp;Rachid Robleh Ragueh ,&nbsp;Bahdon Elmi Ragueh ,&nbsp;Omar Assowe Dabar ,&nbsp;Moussa Mahdi Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mahamoud Ali Chirdon ,&nbsp;Abdillahi Elmi Adaneh ,&nbsp;Nasri Hassan Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Nima Moussa Egueh ,&nbsp;Ismail Abdillahi Guireh ,&nbsp;Omar Ibrahim Elmi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The comprehensive mapping of groundwater contamination zones is vital for sustainable water resource management, especially in underdeveloped countries facing urban and industrial pressures. This study investigates, for the first time, the groundwater vulnerability of the Djibouti aquifer system located in the north of the East Africa Rift System (EARS). This area, which is home to 72.8 % of the country's inhabitants, has been impacted by rapid urbanization including industrial activities and the discharge of untreated wastewater. This study compares multiple groundwater vulnerability modeling frameworks, including DRASTIC (Depth to groundwater, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic Conductivity), DRASTIC–LULC (Land Use Land Cover), DRASTIC–AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), AHP–DRASTIC–LULC, DRASTIC–NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II), and NSGA-II–DRASTIC–LULC. Spatial autocorrelation analysis (Moran's I &gt; 0.95) has been used to improve the reliability and interpretability of the vulnerability maps. Groundwater vulnerability maps indicate that high and very high vulnerability zones (13.59–47.47 % and 1.02–21.70 %, respectively) are primarily located in the eastern and northern sectors. Moderate to low vulnerability zones (30.81–56.45 %) are prevalent in the central part of the study area. Sensitivity analysis identified key parameters such as aquifer depth, vadose zone impact, and aquifer medium. The LULC factors significantly improved model sensitivity and enabled better identification of at risk zones. The NSGA-II–DRASTIC–LULC model outperformed other modified DRASTIC methods, achieving a correlation of 0.58, an AUC of 0.84, and an RMSE of 1.13. These findings may provide a critical scientific basis for Djibouti's policymakers to prioritize land-use zoning and implement targeted protection measures in the identified high-risk zones, thereby securing a sustainable water future for the region's growing population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe-and Mg-functionalized chicken manure biochar immobilized Cd, Cr, and Pb in aged soil and decreased their leaching into groundwater","authors":"Yasir Hamid ,&nbsp;Qiang Lin ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saqib Rashid ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman ,&nbsp;Yonglong Chen ,&nbsp;Esmat F. Ali ,&nbsp;Hamada Abdelrahman ,&nbsp;Temoor Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sabry M. Shaheen ,&nbsp;Sang Soo Lee ,&nbsp;Xiaoe Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of functionalized biochar on the leachability and bioavailability of metal cations in contaminated soils remains insufficiently explored, particularly under aging conditions and multiple leaching cycles. This study investigated the performance of pristine, Mg-, and Fe-functionalized biochar in reducing the leachability of Cd, Cr, and Pb in co-contaminated soil. Preliminary screening revealed that pristine chicken manure biochar (CB), and Mg (MCB)-, and Fe (FCB)-functionalized biochars were more effective in decreasing metals leachability. Consequently, their effects on metals leachability, bioavailability, and fractionation were evaluated through nine leaching cycles and aging experiments (aged soil for 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days). Addition of CB to the soil columns significantly decreased the metals concentrations in the leachate. Specifically, Cd concentration (mg L⁻¹) decreased from 5.84 in CK to 0.41 in FCB, 0.53 in MCB, and 0.52 in CB treatments; Pb concentration (mg L⁻¹) decreased from 114.2 in CK to 4.4 in FCB, 5.9 in MCB, and 10.5 in CB treatments; and Cr concentration (mg L⁻¹) decreased from 34.6 in CK to 1.6 in FCB, 1.8 in MCB, and 3.2 in CB treatments. The FCB and MCB redistributed the metals mobile fraction to the residual fraction thereby reducing their mobilization (CaCl₂-extrcated form) and availability (DTPA-extracted form) in the treated soil compared to CK soil. The immobilization effect of FCB and MCB remained stable during aging periods, leaching cycles, and under acidic pH, indicating their strong ability for metal capturing. However, long-term investigation of biochar-immobilized metals in aged soils is needed. These findings confirm that functionalizing CB with Fe and/or Mg effectively immobilized Cd, Cr, and Pb in aged soil, reducing the leaching of these toxic metals into groundwater, making this engineered biochar a viable option for soil remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the causes of fluoride enrichment in the groundwater sources of the Upper Bhavani River Basin, Southwest India–An integrated approach for its management in mountainous terrains","authors":"Gayathri J A,&nbsp;Vipin T Raj,&nbsp;Sreelash K,&nbsp;Maya K,&nbsp;Padmalal D","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogeochemistry, geochemical evolution, and fluoride enrichment were evaluated in the Attappadi Critical Zone Observatory within the Upper Bhavani River Basin, using 104 groundwater samples collected seasonally from open wells and bore wells. Groundwater is predominantly of Ca-HCO₃ and mixed Ca-Na-HCO₃ types, reflecting significant influence from silicate and carbonate weathering. Bivariate plots and multivariate statistical analyses (correlation, PCA, HCA) confirm that geogenic processes primarily control groundwater chemistry, although anthropogenic inputs are evident in agriculture and settlement-influenced zones. Both open well and bore well samples are saturated to oversaturated with carbonate minerals such as calcite, aragonite, dolomite, and magnesite, often leading to scaling. Fluoride concentration ranged from 0.10 mg/l to 1.41 mg/l in open well and 0.11 mg/l to 3.11 mg/l in bore well samples. F/Cl ratio and stable isotope data (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) suggest that fluoride enrichment is predominantly governed by geogenic process. Overall, the data reveal that geogenic factors play a major role in F^- enrichment in the groundwater of the study area. These findings provide a clear understanding of the geochemical processes influencing the groundwater quality, and provide a scientific basis for implementing sustainable management strategies in the hard rock terrains, particularly within mountainous watersheds where groundwater is a vital drinking water source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient removal of long- and short-chain PFAS from contaminated groundwater onto trimetallic nanoparticles and halloysite nanotubes assembled mesoporous alginate polymer beads","authors":"Masud Hassan ,&nbsp;Ravi Naidu ,&nbsp;Amal Kanti Deb ,&nbsp;Fangjie Qi ,&nbsp;Bing Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Du ,&nbsp;Md Ariful Ahsan ,&nbsp;Yanju Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of toxic organofluoride chemicals that should be effectively remediated from soil and water environments to avoid biotoxicity. This study employs tri-metallic nanoparticles (NiZnFe₄O₄) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to assemble mesoporous alginate polymer beads (NiZnFe₄O₄-HNTs@alg) for the separation of multicomponent PFAS from realistic groundwater. NiZnFe₄O₄-HNTs@alg efficiently removed short- and long-chain PFAS compounds, including FASAAs (C_nF_2n+1SO₂NHC₂H₄COOH), FASAs (C_nF_2n+1SO₂NH₂), FASEs (C_nF_2n+1SO₂NHCH₂CH₂OH), PFSAs (C_nF_2n+1-SO₂-R), PFCAs (C_nF_2n+1COOH), and FTSs (C_nF_2n+1C₂H₄-R). Synergistic mechanisms were identified, where NiZnFe₄O₄ provided magnetic separability, and HNTs increased the number of hydrophilic active sites. The adsorbent achieved &gt;99.95 % removal efficiency for all the studied short- and long-chain PFAS from groundwater in the presence of heavy metals, including manganese (0.037 ± 0.03 μg/L), cobalt (0.138 ± 0.14 μg/L), arsenic (1.668 ± 0.127 μg/L), selenium (0.360 ± 0.14 μg/L), cadmium (0.360 ± 0.14 μg/L), and antimony (0.360 ± 0.14 μg/L). A higher adsorption performance of PFAS was achieved in the presence of a realistic groundwater matrix, including the metal ions, total organic carbon (3.93 ± 0.04 mg/L), and inorganic carbon (21.66 ± 0.45 mg/L). The unique capability of the adsorbent is its ability to facilitate easy separation of PFAS-exhausted adsorbents, which is a challenging issue for most conventional adsorbents. These findings establish a transformative platform for <em>ex-situ</em> groundwater remediation, highlighting the potential of NiZnFe₄O₄-HNTs@alg to address PFAS separation challenges and pave the way for enabling field-scale implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}