Obesity Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The various pathological roles of Oxidized LDL in diseases” [Obesity Med. 57 (2025) 100646]","authors":"Abdullatif Taha Babakr","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100655","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic impact of bariatric surgery: A meta-analysis of long-term outcome data","authors":"Grace C. Bloomfield ,&nbsp;Marcus H. Cunningham ,&nbsp;Mike Y. Chen ,&nbsp;Dan E. Azagury ,&nbsp;Yewande R. Alimi ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Prindeze","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bariatric surgery is a proven method for weight loss and reducing obesity-related comorbidities. While the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes is well established, the long-term impact of bariatric surgery on diabetic patients remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A meta-analysis was conducted between 2000 and 2024 on studies reporting outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric sleeve, or medical weight loss controls. Data on BMI, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension were collected and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 20 studies with 4092 patients were included. At 1-year weight loss was similar between the diabetic and general populations at 35–40 % total weight loss (TWL), however by 10–12 years1 year, weight loss was similar between the diabetic and general populations at 35–40 % total weight loss (TWL); however, by 10–12 years, while the general population dropped to 23–28 % TWL, the diabetic group maintained an improved 35–39 % TWL. Short-term diabetes resolution was 83–85 % in the diabetic group and 63–85 % in the general population. However, the long-term diabetes rebound was greater in diabetics, with a rate of 26–51 % resolution vs. 26–60 %. Hypertension resolution at 1-year was lower in diabetics at 44–55 % vs. 63–73 %, with insufficient long-term data. At all times, control groups showed persistent worsening of diabetes and hypertension rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bariatric surgery is highly effective for diabetic patients; however long-term outcomes differ from those of the general population. While both groups experienced significant initial weight loss, diabetics maintained better weight control but had higher diabetes recurrence. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass outperformed the gastric sleeve in all measured outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome alterations in type 2 diabetes following COVID-19: A comprehensive review","authors":"Nilanjana Bose ,&nbsp;Deepa Bisht ,&nbsp;M. Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Kazi Anika Nawar ,&nbsp;Benjo Chalissery ,&nbsp;D. Neha ,&nbsp;Nikita Dung Dung ,&nbsp;Shivani Rawat ,&nbsp;Deepika Ahuja ,&nbsp;Ranjay Kumar Choudhary ,&nbsp;Alak Kumar Syamal","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has raised growing concern over its long-term effects, particularly in individuals with pre-existing metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes. Beyond its well-known impact on the respiratory and immune systems, emerging research highlights the virus's influence on gut microbiota, a key player in metabolic regulation. This review explores how COVID-19-induced inflammation, immune dysregulation, and direct gastrointestinal effects contribute to disruptions in gut microbial composition and function. Such imbalances may worsen insulin resistance, impair glucose metabolism, and aggravate glycemic control in diabetic patients. We discuss current evidence linking gut dysbiosis to metabolic deterioration in post-COVID type 2 diabetes, emphasizing the role of the gut-lung axis and cytokine storm in this interaction. Recognizing the gut microbiome as a modifiable factor opens new possibilities for targeted interventions, such as probiotics, dietary modulation, and microbiota-based therapies. Understanding these mechanisms is essential not only for managing diabetes in the post-COVID context but also for developing integrative strategies that address the gut microbiome's role in metabolic health. This review underscores the need for further research to elucidate causal relationships and optimize gut-targeted therapeutic approaches in diabetes care following COVID-19 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global trends and focuses of GLP-1RA in obesity: A bibliometric analysis and visualization from 2014 to 2024","authors":"Riad Mohammed Abdelrahman ,&nbsp;Suleiman I. Sharif ,&nbsp;Taha Hussein Musa ,&nbsp;Hassan Hussein Musa ,&nbsp;Ismail Adam Arbab ,&nbsp;Mohsen Hussein Suleiman ,&nbsp;Khalid Ahmed Mohammed ,&nbsp;Sahar Ibrahim Gismallah ,&nbsp;Chiamaka Linda Mgbechidinma ,&nbsp;Mohammed Jalal ,&nbsp;Eltieb Omer Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Obesity is a multifaceted disease with complex causes, distinct pathophysiology, numerous comorbidities, and significant health impacts. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become leading pharmacological options for its management. Our objective was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the literature on GLP-1RAs in obesity within the Scopus database and identify relevant articles published between 2014 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We perform a systematic bibliometric analysis to identify key trends, major sources, and emerging topics in GLP-1RA obesity research. The data were analyzed using VOS viewer (Var1.6.20) and the Biblioshiny tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1702 documents were analyzed. Research output remained steady from 2014 to 2020 (approximately 50 documents per year), followed by exponential growth starting in 2020, peaking in 2024 (566 documents). The average number of citations per article peaked at 92 in 2018 before it dropped to 7 in 2024. Among the 130 contributing countries, the United States led with 25.9 % of publications. HOLST J.J. (University of Copenhagen) was the most prolific author (45 publications, 1901 citations, h-index 22). “<em>Diabetes, obesity and metabolism”</em> was the most active journal, publishing 105 articles. (h_index: 39, impact factor: 5.4 (2023)).</div><div>Keywords and thematic analyses revealed increasing research interest in specific agents (e.g., Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, and Dulaglutide) and in themes such as body weight loss, heart failure, cohort analysis, and long-term follow-up. Liraglutide and Semaglutide are the most studied. Keyword analysis did not highlight safety concerns related to cancer risk, as previously speculated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This bibliometric analysis shows rapid growth in GLP-1RA obesity research, underscoring the need to expand focus beyond efficacy to long-term safety, real-world outcomes, and equitable access through international collaboration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting gut microbial signatures to personalize obesity treatment: Integrating microbiome-based stratification into precision medicine","authors":"Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu ,&nbsp;Melvin Nnaemeka Ugwu ,&nbsp;Mariam Basajja ,&nbsp;Chinyere Nkemjika Anyanwu","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a chronic heterogenous metabolic disease that is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries like sub-Saharan Africa, where they are experiencing an urbanisation and westernisation of the diet, transforming the nutrition environment. Although microbiome-based stratification of obesity treatment has been suggested as a global solution, there are no African-specific structures. The current communication introduces the first Africa-adapted, conceptual and evidence-informed, enterotype-based model, combining recent African microbiome data. Unique microbial signatures of the gut e.g., a greater occurrence of <em>Succinivibria, Treponema</em>, and <em>Methanobrevibacter</em> are likely to affect nutritional response patterns and responses to interventions among Africans. The four-step conceptual model includes (1) gut profiling, (2) enterotype-matched diets, (3) metabolite tracking and (4) digital feedback loops, which are enabled by culturally adapted, low-cost diagnostics (e.g., portable quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) kits, lateral-flow short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) assays), and mobile health platforms. We clarified that this is a hypothesis-driven framework, conceptually informed by existing evidence but not empirically validated. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) design proposal to use permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to test microbiome composition and multivariate regression to test the diet-microbiome body mass index (BMI) association. This methodology provides solutions to some of the main translational gaps in precision obesity care by incorporating African-specific microbial data, culturally specific diets, and scalable technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity driven autoimmune dysregulation and its implications in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis","authors":"Manisha M ,&nbsp;Arun Elamurugan ,&nbsp;Nishvanth F ,&nbsp;Pavithra N ,&nbsp;Nivetha S ,&nbsp;Anuragh Singh ,&nbsp;Harikrishnan N ,&nbsp;Ankul Singh S","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity, long considered a metabolic disorder, is now recognized as a key driver of immune dysregulation and chronic low-grade inflammation, significantly contributing to the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases. This review critically explores the mechanistic links between obesity and major autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis, highlighting the roles of adipokines, neuroendocrine-immune crosstalk, and chronic systemic inflammation. Special attention is given to the emerging role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in mediating neuroimmune responses through the gut–brain axis. Specific microbiota, such as <em>Akkermansia muciniphila</em>, <em>Prevotella histicola</em>, and <em>Desulfovibrio</em>, are discussed in terms of their contribution to immune modulation, intestinal barrier integrity, and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we examine how obesity impairs treatment efficacy via pharmacokinetic alterations and propose microbiota-targeted and adipokine-modulating interventions as potential therapeutic strategies. Lifestyle modifications, including diet, physical activity, and bariatric surgery, are also evaluated for their immunomodulatory and clinical benefits. By integrating current evidence from immunometabolism, neuroimmunology, and microbiome research, this review underscores the urgent need for holistic, obesity-informed approaches in autoimmune disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The various pathological roles of oxidized LDL in diseases","authors":"Abdullatif Taha Babakr","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) represents a chemically altered version of low-density lipoprotein where oxidative damage modifies both its protein and lipid constituents. This oxidation can occur through direct interaction with radical molecules or via lipid peroxidation byproducts. The presence of Ox-LDL is closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis and various pathological conditions, although the precise mechanisms by which it contributes to these processes continue to be comprehensively elucidated.</div><div>The recognition of Ox-LDL marked a paradigm shift, emphasizing oxidative modification as a key driver of atherogenesis and metabolic pathologies. This discovery also encouraged the development of various biomarkers and therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing LDL oxidation as a potential way to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the discovery of Ox-LDL continues to shape modern cardiovascular research and treatment approaches.</div><div>This article aims to elucidate the process of LDL oxidation and its association with various diseases. A thorough investigation was carried out across multiple databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Ovid, to gather relevant literature and studies that explore the relationship between Ox-LDL and the pathogenesis of diseases, thereby creating a clear understanding of the topic. This review will examine the characteristics of the Ox-LDL particle, emphasizing its contributions to various pathological conditions and diseases. Finally, this review will shed light on the challenges facing the use of this biomarker in clinical practice and future recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as early biomarkers for childhood obesity: A policy commentary from urban African populations","authors":"Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu ,&nbsp;Fabian C. Ogenyi ,&nbsp;Chinyere N. Ugwu ,&nbsp;Melvin Nnaemeka Ugwu","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity among children is rapidly increasing in urban African settings due to the Westernisation of diets and decreased physical exercise, as well as socioeconomic inequality. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota, especially depletion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increase in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and alterations in the bile acid metabolism, are becoming early, non-invasive predictors of metabolic risk. Though comparable microbiome-based early-detection models have been designed regarding Latin American and Asian paediatric populations, the commentary aims at the African urban setting, where a combination of undernutrition and obesity, the use of street foods and the rapid urban-rural migration generate unique microbial profiles. We synthesise data in Nairobi, Kampala, and Lagos, including region-specific taxa such as <em>Succinivibrio, Treponema</em>, and <em>Methanobrevibacter</em>. Our suggestions are specific, low-cost interventions, such as the incorporation of fiber-rich foods into national school feeding programs and the use of Ghana-developed lateral-flow SCFA assays that cost less than US$2 per test. This is a policy-orientated narrative with no collection of primary data. The search of literature in PubMed, Scopus, and African health research repositories (2015–2025) was carried out with the use of the terms associated with gut microbiota, childhood obesity, microbial metabolites, and Africa. Our focus is to transform microbiome science into scalable, culturally appropriate, and cost-effective public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The UPR-oxidative stress nexus in diabetes and obesity: Exploring innovative therapeutic approaches for metabolic control","authors":"Clinton Ayodeji Akanbi ,&nbsp;Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining cellular protein homeostasis requires the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); however, the unfolded protein response (UPR) can be triggered by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which can cause ER stress. The goal of the UPR is to bring the body back into balance. Nevertheless, long-term ER stress can cause β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis, which greatly exacerbates metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. ER stress worsens insulin resistance and reduces glucose metabolism in pancreatic β-cells. Moreover, the ER is further damaged by oxidative stress, which is defined by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which prolongs metabolic dysfunction. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms that underlie ER stress, its consequences for diabetes and obesity, and possible treatment approaches. We discuss interventions to mitigate ER stress, including chemical chaperones, UPR modulators, and dietary strategies. Current pharmacological approaches, such as chemical chaperones and UPR modulators, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing ER stress, but they often present challenges, including inconsistent treatment responses and off-target effects. Antioxidant-rich dietary strategies, while promising for long-term management, require further validation to ensure their safety and effectiveness. Additionally, advances in CRISPR–Cas9 gene-editing technology provide new opportunities for addressing genetic defects associated with these disorders. These findings emphasize the need for integrated therapies that address both oxidative and ER stress to effectively mitigate metabolic dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-epidemiology analysis of hypertension and dyslipidaemia among patients with congestive heart failure in Douala, Cameroon","authors":"Djeukeu Asongni William ,&nbsp;Julien Armel Agamou Assiene ,&nbsp;Loick Pradel Kojom Foko ,&nbsp;Pierre Mintom ,&nbsp;Moni Michelle ,&nbsp;William Dakam ,&nbsp;Christine Fernande Nyangono Biyegue","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiovascular and atherosclerotic vascular diseases are important cause of mortality worldwide. This study was designed to determine the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of hypertension (HTA) and dyslipidaemia in Cameroonian patients living with congestive heart failure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between March 2017 and August 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Deido District Hospital involving 98 patients diagnosed with heart failure. Data on socio-demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and physiological features were documented. Lipid profile components (i.e., total cholesterol – TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol – LDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol – HDL-c, and triglycerides – TG) were determined from overnight fasting blood. HTA was diagnosed using clinical standard procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of HTA and dyslipidaemia was 45.9 % and 82.7 %. Disorders in lipid profile were found, which were mainly represented by hypercholesteremia (66.3 %) and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (68.4 %). HTA was more prevalent in patients with dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. A one-unity increase in blood level of TC was associated with an increase in HTA risk by 1.04 times (95 %CI 1.02–1.06, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). The risk of dyslipidaemia was reduced in females by 77 % (aOR = 0.23, <em>p</em> = 0.007) compared to males. Glycaemia was consistently found to be a risk factor for hypercholesteremia (aOR = 1.87, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), hypo-HDL cholesterolemia (aOR = 6.38, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (aOR = 10.22, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings call for systematic monitoring of HTA status and lipid profiles in this population to alleviate cardio-metabolic complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}