Parasite Epidemiology and Control最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of parasitological methods for the identification of soil-transmitted helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, in a regional reference laboratory in northwestern Argentina: An observational study","authors":"Elvia Nieves ,&nbsp;Pedro Fleitas ,&nbsp;Marisa Juárez ,&nbsp;Cristina Almazán ,&nbsp;Gabriela Flores ,&nbsp;Jimena Alani ,&nbsp;Ramón Diaz ,&nbsp;Jorge Martos ,&nbsp;Pamela Cajal ,&nbsp;Rubén Cimino ,&nbsp;Alejandro Krolewiecki","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are a significant public health problem in impoverished communities of tropical and subtropical areas. Improved diagnostic methods are crucial for Neglected Tropical Diseases programs, particularly for <em>S. stercoralis</em>, as traditional methods are inadequate. Thus, it is important to identify the most accurate and efficient methods for the diagnosis of STH. We performed a retrospective study analyzing laboratory data at the Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales from 2010 to 2019. The study included data from outpatients referred for stool analysis and public health interventions from urban and rural communities in northern Salta province, Argentina. Samples were included in this analysis if processed through sedimentation/concentration, Baermann, Harada-Mori and McMaster's, with a subgroup that also included Agar plate culture method (APC). Sensitivity was calculated against a composite reference standard. Of the 5625 samples collected, 944 qualified for this analysis, with a prevalence of 11.14% for <em>A. lumbricoides</em>, 8.16% for hookworm, 1.38% for <em>T. trichiura</em>, and 6.36% for <em>S. stercoralis</em>. The sedimentation/concentration method was the most sensitive for <em>A. lumbricoides</em> (96%), compared to the McMaster method, with a sensitivity of 62%. Similarly, for hookworms, sedimentation/concentration was more sensitive than McMaster's, Harada-Mori, and Baermann with sensitivities of 87%, 70%, 43%, and 13%, respectively. Most of these infections were of light intensity. For <em>S. stercoralis</em>, Baermann and sedimentation/concentration methods were the most sensitive, with 70% and 62% respectively, while Harada-Mori was the least sensitive. In a subset of 389 samples also analyzed by the APC, Baermann was more sensitive than APC for detecting <em>S. stercoralis</em>, and both methods were superior to Harada-Mori. Parasitological methods, mostly when used combined, offer adequate opportunities for the diagnosis of STH in clinical and public health laboratories. The incorporation of <em>S. stercoralis</em> into the control strategies of the World Health Organization requires rethinking the current diagnostic approach used for surveys. With sedimentation/concentration and Baermann appearing as the most sensitive methods for this species. Further studies, including implementation assessments, should help in identifying the most adequate and feasible all-STH diagnostic approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000345/pdfft?md5=d2c1c78cece77c327ec8f65cec82f308&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000345-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine trypanosomosis, vector distribution and infection rate in three districts of Gamo Zone, southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Amsayas Tsolo ,&nbsp;Kokeb Kore ,&nbsp;Desie Sheferaw","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>African animal trypanosomosis is one of the main obstacles to the development of livestock and agricultural output in Ethiopia. It usually results in a severe, frequently fatal sickness, and the infected animals were more weakened as the disease progress and become unfit for work. A cross sectional study design was conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 with the aim of estimating the prevalence of trypanosome infection both in <em>Glossina</em> spp. and cattle, and to assess apparent density of <em>Glossina</em> spp. A total of 298 cattle were selected and examined for trypanosome by using buffy coat technique. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 19.1%; and two species of trypanosomes, <em>T. congolense</em> and <em>T. vivax</em>, were identified in the study area. The prevalence of <em>T</em>. <em>congolense</em> and <em>T. vivax</em> were 15.8% and 2.3%, respectively. The prevalence of trypanosomosis was significantly higher in adult animals (OR = 2.7; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) than in younger cattle and poor body condition (OR = 3.18; p <span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span> 0.05) than medium body condition animals. The mean PCV value of infected animals was 14.3% (13.3–15.4) significantly lower than the non-infected animals 18.5% (17.8–19.2). <em>Glossina pallidipes</em> is the only tsetse species encountered in all the study areas. In total, 2992 flies were caught of which 90.8% belong to <em>G. pallidipes</em> and 9.2% were other biting flies. The overall apparent density of <em>G. pallidipes</em> was 20.1 F/T/D and other biting flies were 2.0 F/T/D. A total of 307 live <em>Glossina pallidipes</em> were dissected. The overall prevalence of <em>Glossina pallidipes</em> infection rate was 9.1% (95% CI = 5.9–12.4). The prevalence of <em>G. pallidipes</em> infection was significantly higher in Kucha district (OR = 3.2, χ² = 2.6, p <span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span> 0.05) than the other two districts, Daramalo and Arba Minch Zuria. Also it was significantly higher in flies trapped from riverine forest areas (OR = 5.5, χ² = 2.86, p <span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span> 0.05). Therefore, to reduce the impact of trypanosomosis and <em>Glossina,</em> vector control and treating infected cattle with prophylactic or chemotherapeutic drugs and active community participation can play a key role.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000382/pdfft?md5=c7aae182dadd0808b073ae4055f098b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000382-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of hematological parameters in malarial suspected patients: Cross sectional study","authors":"Tanveer Khan ,&nbsp;Abuzar Khan ,&nbsp;Anis Khan ,&nbsp;Farhad Badshah ,&nbsp;Eliana Ibáñez-Arancibia ,&nbsp;Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante ,&nbsp;Bibi Maryam ,&nbsp;Nimra Noor ,&nbsp;Maria ,&nbsp;Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El-Tayeb ,&nbsp;Arab Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Malaria is a Zoonotic disease, worldwide in distribution and caused by different species of plasmodium. It is a major cause of sickness and mortality in developing countries including Pakistan. This study was carried with the aim to find out the prevalence of malaria and to aware the people about this disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was carried out in district charsadda. 120 blood samples were collected from suspects both male and female, during the period of March 2022 to September 2022 and were analyzed for CBC and for Microscopic examination.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of these 120 samples 12(10%) were found positive and 108(90%) were negative. The prevalence of malaria was more in the month of June and July. The infection was high in male (13.3%) as compared to female (6.6%). The prevalence was more in rural areas 8(13.3%) than in urban areas 4(6.6%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Platelets and Red Blood Cells were found more affected in positive samples as compared to other parameters. The present study will help the malarial control programs to focus on rural areas. The <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> is more common in the study area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240567312400031X/pdfft?md5=608dee0c6c768d41ca0bb3205c51e2bf&pid=1-s2.0-S240567312400031X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability of PBO nets (Olyset Plus®), 12 months after their distribution in Bertoua, Cameroon","authors":"Diane Leslie Nkahe ,&nbsp;Edmond Kopya ,&nbsp;Nasser Idriss Ngangue Siewe ,&nbsp;Paulette Ndjeunia Mbiakop ,&nbsp;Nelly Armanda Kala Chouakeu ,&nbsp;Rémy Mimpfoundi ,&nbsp;Sévilor Kekeunou ,&nbsp;Parfait Awono-Ambene ,&nbsp;Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance has led to a change in strategy, going from pyrethroid-based nets to PBO + pyrethroid-treated nets. Although these new nets may significantly improve the control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, their durability in the field remain not yet well documented. This study investigates the durability and washing resistance of Olyset-Plus nets in the city centre and rural areas of Bertoua, Cameroon. In each site, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to at least 190 households with an Olyset-Plus net. Factors such as net use, physical integrity and bioefficacy were recorded. Bioassays were conducted on the collected nets to assess their bioefficacy and resistance to washing. They were tested against wild <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> sensus lato (s.l.). Unused nets and the Kisumu strain were used as controls. Washing and cone testing of the nets was carried out according to standard WHO protocols.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A high rate of net use by children was recorded in the urban area (89.1% (106/119)) compared to the rural area (39.7% (118/297)). The majority of Olyset-Plus nets inspected 82.2% (162/197) in the rural area and 88% (206/234) in the urban centre were in good condition (Hole Index&lt;64). Only 5.6% and 6.8% of nets were badly torn in rural and urban sites respectively. Nets were washed more regularly in the urban centre. 88.1% of urban dwellers reported having washed their nets at least once compared to only 62% of rural dwellers. Bioefficacy tests with nets indicated a mortality rate ranging from 66% for unwashed nets to 86.7% for nets washed at least once. Bioefficacy varied significantly in the city of Bertoua according to net washing frequency, soaking time, soap type and drying location, whereas in the rural village, only washing(washed or unwashed) and soaking status (soaked or unsoaked) significantly influenced the bioefficacy of Olyset-Plus nets.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study revealed different handling practices of bed nets in rural and urban settings which could significantly affect Olyset-Plus nets bio-efficacy and durability. Routine monitoring and sensitization of communities to best practices concerning bed nets usage and handling during mass distribution might enhance the net durability in the community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000370/pdfft?md5=ac9cc68a50bed425679376f7a7df663e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000370-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii and potential tick vectors infesting domestic ruminants and community perception of the disease in pastoral areas of south Omo zone, southern Ethiopia","authors":"Senait Getachew ,&nbsp;Bersissa Kumsa ,&nbsp;Yitbarek Getachew ,&nbsp;Getachew Kinfe ,&nbsp;Balako Gumi ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Rufael ,&nbsp;Bekele Megersa","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00369","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Q fever is a worldwide occurring neglected zoonotic disease with great economic importance. The etiological agent, &lt;em&gt;Coxiella burnetii,&lt;/em&gt; is a bacterium usually associated with subclinical infections in livestock, but may also cause reproductive pathology and spontaneous abortions in artiodactyl species including goats, sheep and cattle which are deemed to be the primary reservoirs of this disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The present cross-sectional and questionnaire survey was undertaken in three districts of the South Omo zone with the aims to comprehend the community perception of livestock keepers and professionals about the disease, estimate the seroprevalence of &lt;em&gt;Coxiella burnetii&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;C. burnetii&lt;/em&gt;) in cattle and small ruminants and to determine the species of potential tick vectors of &lt;em&gt;C. burnetii&lt;/em&gt; infesting cattle, sheep and goats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A standard questionnaire was used to assess the community perception of livestock keepers and animal health professionals in the area about Q fever. Sera samples were collected from 1350 ruminants comprising 450 cattle, 450 goats and 450 sheep to detect &lt;em&gt;C. burnetii&lt;/em&gt; antibodies using the ELISA technique. Furthermore, a total of 279 cattle, 197 goats and 73 sheep were examined for the presence of ticks, and overall, 2720 ticks were collected (1299 from cattle, 1020 from goats and 401 from sheep) and identified to the species level using morphologically identification keys.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Findings of the study indicated that 43% of animal owners were aware of the main symptoms of the disease while the remaining 57% did not notice these symptoms in their animals. Additionally, majority of animal health professionals 76.2% in the area reported they were familiar with the causative agent of Q fever, while 23.8% expressed uncertainty regarding the cause of coxiellosis. An overall seroprevalence of &lt;em&gt;C. burnetii&lt;/em&gt; of 37.6% in cattle (37.4% in female and 37.8% in male cattle) and 28.7% in small ruminants was recorded (which is significantly higher in goats than in sheep). The study indicated statistically significantly higher seroprevalence of &lt;em&gt;C. burnetii&lt;/em&gt; (49.8%) in cattle infested with ticks than in those cattle free of ticks (24.2%), with three times higher seropositivity (OR = 2.97, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.000) as compared to those cattle free of ticks (24.2%). Similarly, statistically significantly higher seroprevalence of &lt;em&gt;C. burnetii&lt;/em&gt; was recorded in both sheep and goats infested with ticks (43.6%) as compared to those animals without ticks (22.9%), with the former being twice as likely to test seropositive (OR = 2.15, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.000). A total of nine different tick species were identified, namely &lt;em&gt;Amblyomma variegatum&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Am. variegatum&lt;/em&gt;) with 26.3% (342; 217 males, 101 females and 24 nymphs), &lt;em&gt;Amblyomma cohaerens&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Am. cohaerens&lt;/em&gt;) with 47.96% (370 males, ","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000333/pdfft?md5=8897b5bd8c2742a7e5381b0d5002b9df&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000333-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among preschool-aged children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Abayeneh Girma,&nbsp;Amere Genet","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) pose a serious public health threat across the globe, particularly in children residing in poor and most deprived communities like Ethiopia. Many published articles were available separately, and a detailed nationwide review was essential to combine all the results to draw a conclusion and avoid any informational conflicts, ambiguities, or misunderstandings. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide pooled estimates for the individually available data on IPIs and its determinant factors among preschool-aged children (PSAC) in Ethiopia. Published and unpublished articles from various electronic databases were accessed using MeSH terms and keywords. <em>I</em>² and sensitivity analysis tests were used to assess potential sources of heterogeneity across studies. Funnel plot, Begg's, and Egger's regression tests were used to check publication bias. A random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to calculate the pooled estimate of IPI. In this meta-analysis, a total of 14,994 PSAC were included in the 32 eligible studies. The pooled national prevalence of IPIs among PSAC was 32.52% (95% CI: 26.24, 38.80). Of these, single and mixed infections contribute 31.08% and 1.44%, respectively. According to the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in simple random studies (39.61%; 95% CI: 29.19, 50.03), the Tigray region (58.00%; 95% CI: 54.10, 61.90), studies conducted in &gt;384 (39.47%; 95% CI: 27.73, 51.20) sample sizes, cross-sectional studies (32.76%), community-based studies (42.33%; 95% CI: 31.93, 52.74), and from 2005 to 2016 (34.53%; 95% CI: 20.13, 48.92) study periods. Intestinal parasites were significantly associated with eating raw fruits and vegetables (aOR = 3.21; 95%CI: 1.11–5.31). The high prevalence of STHs observed in this systematic review and meta-analysis underscores the need for appropriate control and prevention strategies suitable for PSAC in Ethiopia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000321/pdfft?md5=a6da281776723d34e15ef41ff21fdd46&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000321-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmodium falciparum transmission based on merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) and 2 (msp2) gene diversity and antibody responses in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"Tolulope A. Oyewole ,&nbsp;Nurat O. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Bright O. Osarenren ,&nbsp;Muyideen K. Tijani ,&nbsp;Kristina E.M. Persson ,&nbsp;Mofolusho O. Falade","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nigeria is a major contributor to the global malaria burden. The genetic diversity of malaria parasite populations as well as antibody responses of individuals in affected areas against antigens of the parasite can reveal the transmission intensity, a key information required to control the disease. This work was carried out to determine the allelic frequency of highly polymorphic <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> genes and antibody responses against schizont crude antigens in an area of Ibadan, Nigeria.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Blood was collected from 147 individuals with symptoms suspected to be malaria. Malaria infection was determined using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and <em>msp1</em> and <em>msp2</em> were genotyped by a nested PCR method. In addition, levels of IgG directed against <em>P. falciparum</em> FCR3S1.2 schizont extract was measured in ELISA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Approximately 25% (36/147) were positive for a <em>P. falciparum</em> infection in RDT, but only 32 of the positive samples were successfully genotyped. MAD20 was the most prevalent and K1 the least prevalent of the <em>msp1</em> alleles. For <em>msp2</em>, FC27 was more prevalent than 3D7. The mean multiplicities of infection (MOI) were 1.9 and 1.7 for <em>msp1</em> and <em>msp2</em>, respectively. IgG levels correlated positively with age, however there was no difference in median antibody levels between RDT-positive and RDT-negative individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Low MOI has before been correlated with low/intermediate transmission intensity, however, in this study, similar levels of <em>P. falciparum</em>-specific antibodies between infected and non-infected individuals point more towards a high level of exposure and a need for further measures to control the spread of malaria in this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000308/pdfft?md5=f57dfc101127ce8f9d117e5332045676&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000308-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141596696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis among African children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sara Kalavani ,&nbsp;Sara Matin ,&nbsp;Vahid Rahmanian ,&nbsp;Ahmad Meshkin ,&nbsp;Bahareh Bahadori Mazidi ,&nbsp;Ali Taghipour ,&nbsp;Amir Abdoli","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Giardia duodenalis</em> (<em>G. duodenalis</em>) is one of the major causes of diarrhea among children. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of <em>G. duodenalis</em> and associated risk factors among African children.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) as well as the Google Scholar search engine for studies measured the prevalence of <em>G. duodenalis</em> among African children, published between 1 January 2000 and 15 March 2022. Due to high heterogeneity among the included studies, a random-effects meta-analysis model was employed to estimate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 114 articles from 29 African countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of <em>G. duodenalis</em> infection among African children was estimated as 18.3% (95% CI: 16.5–20.2). The highest and lowest pooled prevalence of <em>G. duodenalis</em> infection were estimated in Niger and Cameroon as 65.1% (55–75.2) and 0.08% (0.02–1.05), respectively. Considering the type of study population, the highest prevalence was related to, iron-deficient children 65.2% (61.3–69.1), handicapped children 30.4% (18.3–42.4), HIV infected children 25.7% (11.2–40.2) and displaced children 20.2% (16.5–23.9).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Giardiasis is common among African children, hence, prevention and control scheme of this protozoan in children should be considered by health officials and health policymakers, especially in African countries where prevalence is highest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000291/pdfft?md5=4b3c5ad8ffcfb615661fa4a3ad312b79&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000291-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilocus genetic analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi supports non-domestic intrusion into domestic transmission in an endemic region of Colombia","authors":"Omar Cantillo-Barraza ,&nbsp;Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez ,&nbsp;Paula L. Marcet ,&nbsp;Omar Triana-Chavez ,&nbsp;Andrés Gómez-Palacio","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is primarily transmitted to humans by hematophagous bugs of the Triatominae subfamily. In the Colombian Caribbean region, particularly on Margarita Island, <em>T. cruzi</em> transmission is highly endemic and associated with vectors such as <em>Triatoma maculata</em> and <em>Rhodnius pallescens</em>. Additionally, <em>T. cruzi</em>-infected <em>Didelphis marsupialis</em> are commonly found in close proximity to human dwellings. Given the complex transmission dynamics involving various domestic and non-domestic hosts, this study aimed to analyze 145 <em>T. cruzi</em> clones from twelve strains isolated from <em>T. maculata, R. pallescens</em>, and <em>D. marsupialis</em> using spliced leader intergenic region (SL-IR) sequences and nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. The results indicate the presence of a single polymorphic <em>T. cruzi</em> population, suggesting sustained local transmission dynamics between triatomines adapted to <em>A. butyracea</em> forests and peridomestic areas inhabited by synanthropic mammal reservoir such as <em>D. marsupialis</em>. Notably, this population appears to lack substructure, highlighting the importance of adopting an alternative eco-health approach to complement traditional chemical vector control methods for more effective and sustainable interruption of transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240567312400028X/pdfft?md5=fb058d2069ac6d31b1b79ed2c7606624&pid=1-s2.0-S240567312400028X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of the PvMSP-3α gene in Plasmodium vivax isolates circulating in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India","authors":"Ram Das,&nbsp;Kapil Vashisht,&nbsp;Deepali Savargaonkar,&nbsp;L.L. Mercy Aparna,&nbsp;Ajay Nayak,&nbsp;Kailash C. Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Malaria is still a public health problem in tropical countries like India; major malaria parasite species are <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and <em>P. vivax</em>. Of which, <em>P. vivax</em> is responsible for ∼40% of the malaria burden at least in the Indian scenario. Unfortunately, there is limited data on the population structure and genetic diversity of <em>P. vivax</em> parasites in India. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of <em>P. vivax</em> strains in the South-west district, Delhi and, Nuh district, Haryana [National Capital Region (NCR)], using a polymorphic marker- <em>P. vivax</em> merozoite surface protein-3α (<em>Pv</em>MSP-3α) gene. Dried blood spots from microscopically confirmed <em>P. vivax</em> patients were used for investigation of the <em>Pv</em>MSP-3α gene. PCR-RFLP was performed on the <em>Pv</em>MSP-3α gene to investigate the genotypes and allelic variability with <em>Hha</em>I and <em>Alu</em>I restriction enzymes. In total, 40 successfully PCR amplified <em>Pv</em>MSP-3α gene segments were subjected to RFLP analysis. Amplified products showed three different base pair size variations <em>viz.</em> genotype A in 31(77.5%), genotype B in 4(10%) and genotype C in 5(12.5%) <em>P. vivax</em> specimens. RFLP with <em>Hha</em>I and <em>Alu</em>I revealed 17 (H1-H17) and 25 (A1-A25) allelic variants, respectively. Interestingly, two similar sub-allelic variants, <em>ie.</em> H8 (with <em>Hha</em>I), and A4 (with <em>Alu</em>I) clustered within the rural area of Nuh district, Haryana in two samples. With this study, we propose to commission such type of genetic diversity analysis of <em>P. vivax</em> to investigate the circulating genotypes of the parasites from distinct geographical locations across India, that can have significant implications in understanding the population structures of <em>P. vivax</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e00362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000266/pdfft?md5=18d826e84ec243fa38e6d30f7689f377&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000266-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}